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Unter den Fabrikgesetzen oder der Fabrikgesetzgebung (Factory Act) versteht man die in England ab 1833 und später auch in anderen Ländern langsam einsetzende staatliche Gesetzgebung zum Schutz der Arbeiter vor der Willkür der Fabrikherren (Unternehmer). Diese beschäftigten die ihnen zu Beginn der Industrialisierung vollkommen ausgelieferten Arbeiter üblicherweise 15 Stunden pro Tag und länger. Im Vereinigten Königreich wurden vor allem Frauen und Kinder als nationale Ressource und damit als besonders schützenswert angesehen. Das Fabrikgesetz wurde in der Schweiz 1966 durch das Arbeitsgesetz abgelöst. (de) Las Leyes de Fábrica o Actas de Fábrica (en: Factory Acts) fueron una serie de leyes de derecho laboral del Reino Unido aprobadas por el Parlamento del Reino Unido para regular las condiciones de empleo industrial que limitó por primera vez a 12 horas diarias el trabajo de menores y mujeres primero en la industria textil y posteriormente en todas las industrias. El primer objetivo del movimiento era un "proyecto de ley de diez horas". Uno de los principales líderes del movimiento fue . Las primeras leyes se concentraron en regular las horas de trabajo y el bienestar moral de menores empleados en fábricas de algodón, pero no se aplicaron hasta que la Ley de 1833 estableció una Inspección profesional de fábricas. La regulación de las horas de trabajo se extendió a las mujeres mediante una Ley de 1844. La Ley de Fábricas de 1847 (conocida como la Ley de las Diez Horas), junto con las Leyes de 1850 y 1853 para corregir defectos en la Ley de 1847, cumplió un largo plazo (y en 1847 bien organizada) demanda de los trabajadores del molino por un día de diez horas. Las Actas de Fábrica también tuvieron como objetivo mejorar las condiciones bajo las cuales los menores trabajaban en la fábrica con los requisitos de ventilación, saneamiento y protección de la maquinaria. La introducción del día de diez horas demostró no tener ninguna de las consecuencias nefastas predichas por quienes se oponían a su implementación y su aparente éxito terminó efectivamente con las objeciones teóricas al principio de la legislación de fábrica; A partir de la década de 1860 se incorporaron más industrias a las Actas de Fábrica. (es) The Factory Acts were a series of acts passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom to regulate the conditions of industrial employment. The early Acts concentrated on regulating the hours of work and moral welfare of young children employed in cotton mills but were effectively unenforced until the Act of 1833 established a professional Factory Inspectorate. The regulation of working hours was then extended to women by an Act of 1844. The Factories Act 1847 (known as the Ten Hour Act), together with Acts in 1850 and 1853 remedying defects in the 1847 Act, met a long-standing (and by 1847 well-organised) demand by the millworkers for a ten-hour day. The Factory Acts also sought to ameliorate the conditions under which mill-children worked with requirements on ventilation, sanitation, and guarding of machinery. Introduction of the ten-hour day proved to have none of the dire consequences predicted by its opponents, and its apparent success effectively ended theoretical objections to the principle of factory legislation; from the 1860s onwards more industries were brought within the Factory Act. (en) Les Factory Acts (ou Lois sur les Manufactures) sont des textes de loi britanniques qui règlent les conditions de travail dans l'industrie britannique. Durant le XIXe siècle, huit textes du Factory Act seront successivement publiés : en 1802, 1833, 1844, 1847, 1850, 1867, 1874 et 1891. (fr) 공장법(Factory Acts)이란, 영국 의회에서 여성과 아동의 노동시간을 규제하는 것을 내용으로 하는 일련의 법안들을 가리키는 말이다. 1802년 최초로 영국에서 제정되었고, 이후 다른 국가들로 퍼져나갔다. 영국 내에서도 수차례 개정을 거쳤다. 한국에서는 상시노동자 5인이상인 사업장에 적용하는 노동법인 근로기준법으로써 노동시간을 하루 8시간, 주 40시간(노동자의 동의가 있을 경우 12시간까지 연장노동 가능)으로 노동시간을 규제하고 있다. (ko) 工場法（こうじょうほう）は、産業革命期において苛酷な労働を強いられた工場労働者、特に幼年労働者及び女子労働者を保護することを目的として制定された法律。骨子は労働時間や深夜業の規制である。 19世紀以来、各国で同様の法律が制定され改正を重ねており、1919年に採択されたILO第1号条約では1日8時間・週48時間労働を定めるなど、労働条件・労働時間規制が進んでいた。 日本でも、1911年に工場法が制定されている。 (ja) Фабричное законодательство Великобритании в XIX веке регулировало отношения рабочих с их работодателем. Введение хлопчатобумажных тканей, давшее толчок к изобретению прядильных машин, и применение механической силы послужили причиной возникновения множества прядильных фабрик вдали от городов, на реках и ручьях Ланкашира и Чешира, на которые тысячами брались в качестве «учеников» дети из земледельческих округов от приходских попечительств о бедных. (ru) |
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https://books.google.com/books%3Fhl=en&lr=&id=nOQcDQAAQBAJ https://archive.org/details/historyoffactory014402mbp http://www1.umassd.edu/ir/resources/workingconditions/ http://spartacus-educational.com/IRchild.htm http://www.historyhome.co.uk/peel/factmine/1802act.htm http://www.historyhome.co.uk/peel/factmine/factleg.htm http://www.spartacus-educational.com/IR1847.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20080602052226/http:/www.law.cam.ac.uk/docs/view.php%3Fdoc=2624 https://www.jstor.org/stable/2598639 https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/livinglearning/19thcentury/overview/factoryact/ |
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Unter den Fabrikgesetzen oder der Fabrikgesetzgebung (Factory Act) versteht man die in England ab 1833 und später auch in anderen Ländern langsam einsetzende staatliche Gesetzgebung zum Schutz der Arbeiter vor der Willkür der Fabrikherren (Unternehmer). Diese beschäftigten die ihnen zu Beginn der Industrialisierung vollkommen ausgelieferten Arbeiter üblicherweise 15 Stunden pro Tag und länger. Im Vereinigten Königreich wurden vor allem Frauen und Kinder als nationale Ressource und damit als besonders schützenswert angesehen. Das Fabrikgesetz wurde in der Schweiz 1966 durch das Arbeitsgesetz abgelöst. (de) Les Factory Acts (ou Lois sur les Manufactures) sont des textes de loi britanniques qui règlent les conditions de travail dans l'industrie britannique. Durant le XIXe siècle, huit textes du Factory Act seront successivement publiés : en 1802, 1833, 1844, 1847, 1850, 1867, 1874 et 1891. (fr) 공장법(Factory Acts)이란, 영국 의회에서 여성과 아동의 노동시간을 규제하는 것을 내용으로 하는 일련의 법안들을 가리키는 말이다. 1802년 최초로 영국에서 제정되었고, 이후 다른 국가들로 퍼져나갔다. 영국 내에서도 수차례 개정을 거쳤다. 한국에서는 상시노동자 5인이상인 사업장에 적용하는 노동법인 근로기준법으로써 노동시간을 하루 8시간, 주 40시간(노동자의 동의가 있을 경우 12시간까지 연장노동 가능)으로 노동시간을 규제하고 있다. (ko) 工場法（こうじょうほう）は、産業革命期において苛酷な労働を強いられた工場労働者、特に幼年労働者及び女子労働者を保護することを目的として制定された法律。骨子は労働時間や深夜業の規制である。 19世紀以来、各国で同様の法律が制定され改正を重ねており、1919年に採択されたILO第1号条約では1日8時間・週48時間労働を定めるなど、労働条件・労働時間規制が進んでいた。 日本でも、1911年に工場法が制定されている。 (ja) Фабричное законодательство Великобритании в XIX веке регулировало отношения рабочих с их работодателем. Введение хлопчатобумажных тканей, давшее толчок к изобретению прядильных машин, и применение механической силы послужили причиной возникновения множества прядильных фабрик вдали от городов, на реках и ручьях Ланкашира и Чешира, на которые тысячами брались в качестве «учеников» дети из земледельческих округов от приходских попечительств о бедных. (ru) Las Leyes de Fábrica o Actas de Fábrica (en: Factory Acts) fueron una serie de leyes de derecho laboral del Reino Unido aprobadas por el Parlamento del Reino Unido para regular las condiciones de empleo industrial que limitó por primera vez a 12 horas diarias el trabajo de menores y mujeres primero en la industria textil y posteriormente en todas las industrias. El primer objetivo del movimiento era un "proyecto de ley de diez horas". Uno de los principales líderes del movimiento fue . (es) The Factory Acts were a series of acts passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom to regulate the conditions of industrial employment. The early Acts concentrated on regulating the hours of work and moral welfare of young children employed in cotton mills but were effectively unenforced until the Act of 1833 established a professional Factory Inspectorate. The regulation of working hours was then extended to women by an Act of 1844. The Factories Act 1847 (known as the Ten Hour Act), together with Acts in 1850 and 1853 remedying defects in the 1847 Act, met a long-standing (and by 1847 well-organised) demand by the millworkers for a ten-hour day. The Factory Acts also sought to ameliorate the conditions under which mill-children worked with requirements on ventilation, sanitation, and (en) |
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