| dbo:abstract |
Frederic II (Haderslev, 1 de juliol de 1534 - Slagelse, 4 d'abril de 1588) va ser rei de Dinamarca i de Noruega entre 1559 i 1588. Era fill de Cristià III i de Dorotea de Saxònia-Lauenburg. El monarca tenia evidents inclinacions militars i un gran interès a coordinar el desenvolupament econòmic del regne. Dinamarca era llavors la principal potència d'Escandinàvia i controlava totalment el Mar Bàltic. Les seves pretensions el van conduir a entrar a la Guerra Nòrdica dels Set Anys, un conflicte contra el seu cosí Eric XIV de Suècia, que perjudicà tant a Dinamarca com a Noruega. El seu regnat es va caracteritzar per un creixement de les finances del regne. Aquest fet li va permetre construir grans castells i palaus arreu del país. El 20 de juliol de 1572, es va casar amb Sofia de Mecklenburg-Güstrow (1557-1631), filla d' (1527-1603) i d' (1524-1586), qui fou la reina consort de Dinamarca. La parella va tenir set fills: * Elisabet (1573-1626). Consort del duc (1564-1613). * Anna (1574-1619). Casada amb Jaume I d'Anglaterra i VI d'Escòcia (1566-1625). * Cristià (1577-1648). Rei de Dinamarca i Noruega. Casat amb Anna Caterina de Brandenburg (1575-1612). * Ulric (1578-1624). * Augusta (1580-1639). Consort del duc (1575-1616). * Eduviges (1581-1641). Consort del príncep elector (1583-1611). * Joan (1583-1602). (ca) Frederik II. Dánský (1. července 1534, Haderslev, Dánsko – 4. dubna 1588, ) byl dánský a norský král (1559–1588). Jeho panování je charakterizováno růstem královských financí, jenž mu dovolil budovat zámky a paláce. (cs) فريدريك الثاني (ولد في 1 يوليو 1534) كان ملك الدنمارك والنرويج ودوقية شلسفيغ من 1559 حتى وفاته في 4 أبريل 1588. (ar) Friedrich II. (* 1. Juli 1534 in Hadersleben; † 4. April 1588 in Antvorskov bei Slagelse) war König von Dänemark und Norwegen von 1559 bis 1588. (de) Ο Φρειδερίκος Β΄ (δανικά: Frederik 2.) ήταν ο Βασιλιάς της Δανίας και της Νορβηγίας από το 1559 μέχρι το 1588. Προκάτοχός του ήταν ο πατέρας του Χριστιανός Γ΄ της Δανίας και διάδοχός του ο γιος του Χριστιανός Δ΄ της Δανίας. (el) Frederiko la 2-a, dane Frederik 2., (1-a de julio 1534 – 4-a de aprilo 1588), reĝo de Danio kaj Norvegio 1559 – 1588. Filo de Kristiano la 3-a. Frederiko la 2-a ebligis al la astronomo Tycho Brahe bonajn ekonomiajn kondiĉojn por labori science sur la insulo Ven en la Sundo. (eo) Frederick II (1 July 1534 – 4 April 1588) was King of Denmark and Norway and Duke of Schleswig and Holstein from 1559 until his death. A member of the House of Oldenburg, Frederick began his personal rule of Denmark-Norway at the age of 24. He inherited a capable and strong kingdom, formed in large by his father after the civil war known as the Count's Feud, after which Denmark saw a period of economic recovery and of a great increase in the centralised authority of the Crown. Frederick was, especially in his youth and unlike his father, belligerent and adversarial, aroused by honor and national pride, and so he began his reign auspiciously with a campaign under the aged Johan Rantzau, which reconquered Dithmarschen. However, after miscalculating the cost of the Northern Seven Years' War, he pursued a more prudent foreign policy. The remainder of Frederick II's reign was a period of tranquillity, in which king and nobles prospered. Frederick spent more time hunting and feasting with his councillors, and focused on architecture and science. During his reign, many building projects were begun, including additions to the royal castles of Kronborg at Elsinore and Frederikborg Castle at Hillerød. Frederick has to a great extent been overshadowed by his popular, long-reigning son Christian IV, and often been portrayed with skepticism and resentment, resulting in the prevailing portrait of Frederick as a man and as king: an unlettered, inebriated, brutish sot. This portrayal is, however, inequitable and inaccurate, and recent studies reappraise and acknowledge him as highly intelligent; he craved the company of learned men, and in the correspondence and legislation he dictated to his secretaries he showed himself to be quick-witted and articulate. Frederick was also open and loyal, and had a knack for establishing close personal bonds with fellow princes and with those who served him. In 1572, Frederick married his cousin Sophie of Mecklenburg. Their relationship is regarded as one of the happiest royal marriages in Renaissance Europe. In the first ten years after the wedding, they had seven children, and are described as inseparable and harmonious. Frederick was committed to becoming the mightiest king in the North, and for several years he fought exhausting wars against his archrival Erik XIV of Sweden, after which the battles changed character. It became a competition to see who could trace their family history the furthest, and who could construct the most formidable castles. In the 1570s he constructed Kronborg, a large Renaissance castle that became widely recognized abroad, and its dance hall was the largest in Northern Europe at the time. He enjoyed entertaining guests and throwing elaborate festivities, which were well-known throughout Europe. During the same period, the Danish-Norwegian fleet was developed into one of Europe's largest and most modern. As part of his efforts to strengthen the kingdoms, he provided much support for science and culture. (en) Frederiko II.a Danimarkako eta Norvegiako (1648-1670) erregea izan zen. Ezin beretu ahal izan zuen Suedia (1563-1570). (eu) Federico II (Haderslev, Dinamarca, 1 de julio de 1534 - Slagelse, ibid., 4 de abril de 1588). Rey de Dinamarca y de Noruega (1559 - 1588). Era hijo de Cristián III y de Dorotea de Sajonia-Lauemburgo. Tenía claras inclinaciones militares y un interés en coordinar el desarrollo económico e incrementar el poderío militar de su reino, entonces la principal potencia naval del Mar Báltico. Sus pretensiones lo condujeron a involucrarse en la Guerra Nórdica de los Siete Años, un conflicto inútil contra su primo Erico XIV de Suecia, que fue perjudicial tanto para Dinamarca como para Noruega. Su reinado se caracterizó por un crecimiento en las finanzas del reino, lo que le permitió la construcción de castillos y palacios. (es) Frédéric II de Danemark et de Norvège (en danois : Frederik 2 af Danmark og Norge, en norvégien : Frederik II av Danmark og Norge), né le 1er juillet 1534 à Hadersleben et mort le 4 avril 1588 à (royaume de Danemark et de Norvège), fut roi de Danemark et de Norvège de 1559 à sa mort. (fr) Frederick II (1 Juli 1534 – 4 April 1588) adalah Raja Denmark dan Norwegia dan Adipati Schleswig dan Holstein dari 1559 hingga kematiannya. (in) フレゼリク2世（Frederick II, 1534年7月1日 - 1588年4月4日）は、デンマーク＝ノルウェーの国王（在位1559年 - 1588年）。クリスチャン3世と王妃ドロテアの息子。 (ja) Federico II di Danimarca (Haderslev, 1º luglio 1534 – , 4 aprile 1588) fu re di Danimarca e di Norvegia e duca di Schleswig-Holstein. (it) 프레데리크 2세(덴마크어: Frederick II, 노르웨이어: Frederick II, 1534년 7월 1일 ~ 1588년 4월 4일)는 덴마크와 노르웨이의 국왕(재위: 1559년 1월 1일 ~ 1588년 4월 4일)이다. (ko) Frederik II (Haderslev, 1 juli 1534 – Antvorskov, 4 april 1588) was koning van Denemarken en Noorwegen van 1559 tot zijn dood. Hij was de oudste zoon van koning Christiaan III van Denemarken en Noorwegen en Dorothea van Saksen-Lauenburg. Hij was getrouwd met Sophia van Mecklenburg-Güstrow. Frederik II en Sophia hadden acht kinderen, van wie er zeven volwassen werden: * Elisabeth (1573-1626), in 1590 gehuwd met Hendrik Julius van Brunswijk-Wolfenbüttel * Anna (1574-1619), gehuwd met Jacobus I van Engeland * Christiaan IV (1577-1648) * Ulrich (1578-1624), werd bisschop van Sleeswijk. * Augusta (1582-1639), gehuwd met Johan Adolf van Sleeswijk-Holstein-Gottorp * Hedwig (1581-1641), gehuwd met Christiaan II van Saksen * Johan (1583-1602). Frederik II is onder meer bekend geworden doordat hij de Zevenjarige Oorlog begon over de heerschappij van Zweden, dat geregeerd werd door zijn neef, koning Erik XIV. Koning Frederik had erop gerekend dat hij met zijn Duitse huursoldaten vrij snel de oorlog van zijn geestelijk zwakke neef kon winnen, maar kon ternauwernood voorkomen dat hij Noorwegen aan Zweden verloor. De oorlog kostte een fortuin en leverde uiteindelijk niets op. Na de Zevenjarige Oorlog (1563-1570) bouwde hij tussen 1574 en 1585 kasteel Kronborg in Elseneur opnieuw op. In 1576 stichtte hij Fredrikstad in Noorwegen. Deze periode was een welvarende voor de Deense monarchie. Frederik was een beschermheer voor de astronoom Tycho Brahe. Hij schonk hem onder andere het eiland Ven, om er een sterrenwacht te bouwen. Na zijn dood werd Frederik opgevolgd door zijn oudste zoon Christiaan (IV). (nl) Fryderyk II Oldenburg (ur. 1 lipca 1534 w Haderslev, zm. 4 kwietnia 1588 w klasztorze Antvorskov, gmina Slagelse) – król Danii i Norwegii w latach 1559–1588. Był synem Chrystiana III i Doroty saskiej. (pl) Фре́дерик II (дат. Frederik 2.; 1 июля 1534, Хадерслев — 4 апреля 1588, монастырь , близ Слагельсе) — король Дании и Норвегии с 1 января 1559 года, из династии Ольденбургов. Сын датского короля Кристиана III и Доротеи Саксен-Лауэнбургской. (ru) Fredrik II, född 1 juli 1534, död 4 april 1588, kung av Danmark och Norge från 1559. Son till Kristian III av Danmark och Dorothea av Sachsen-Lauenburg. Eftersom modern var syster till Gustav Vasas första hustru Katarina av Sachsen-Lauenburg var Fredrik kusin till den svenske kungen Erik XIV, som var Katarinas son. (sv) Frederico II (Haderslev, 1 de julho de 1534 – Antvorskov, 4 de abril de 1588) foi o Rei da Dinamarca e Noruega de 1559 até sua morte. Era o filho do rei Cristiano III e da rainha Doroteia de Saxe-Lauemburgo. (pt) 弗雷德里克二世（丹麥語：Frederik 2.，1534年7月1日-1588年4月4日）奥尔登堡王朝的丹麦和挪威国王（1559年～1588年在位）。是一個典型的文藝復興統治者。 弗雷德里克二世为丹麦和挪威国王克里斯蒂安三世之子，母亲是萨克森-劳恩堡公爵马格努斯一世的女儿。与他那谨慎的父亲不同，弗雷德里克二世倾向于军事冒险。他在年轻时代就与德意志那些争战不休的王公们过从甚密。即位后，弗雷德里克二世试图推行加强王权的改革，遭到强大的丹麦贵族（以国会为代表）的强烈抵制。 弗雷德里克二世在位第一年就发动对外战争，进攻位于的一个独立的农民共和国。结果他成功地将此地征服，取得第一个军事胜利。不久他又卷入了立窝尼亚战争。鉴于立窝尼亚骑士团已完全无力抵抗俄国沙皇伊凡四世的猛烈攻势，弗雷德里克二世于1560年出兵兼并骑士团领地萨雷马岛，企图建立缓冲并参与瓜分行将灭亡的骑士团的领土立窝尼亚地区。 弗雷德里克二世统治时期最重要的事件是1563年至1570年与瑞典的战争（所谓北方七年战争）。瑞典国王埃里克十四世企图通过战争取得在北欧的霸权，并因此与西班牙结盟；弗雷德里克二世则想要夺回丹麦在波罗的海地区的传统优势。战争初期丹麦占据上风，从海上封锁瑞典，并于1563年攻克瑞典的艾尔夫斯堡要塞。但是瑞典海军在1565年打破了丹麦的封锁，侵入和斯堪尼亚。战争演变成开支巨大的消耗战，弗雷德里克二世与贵族的关系急剧恶化。 幸运的是，瑞典内部的矛盾阻止了它继续打击丹麦。1568年，埃里克十四世在内战中被其异母弟约翰三世推翻。强有力的丹麦政治家稳定了丹麦国内的局势，取代弗雷德里克二世掌握了国家权力。奧克斯的財經能力廣受好評，執政後趁著1568年尼德蘭對西班牙發起獨立戰爭的機會，把松德海峽的航運稅提高了一半，大幅改善財政並得以勉強支付北方七年戰爭的軍費支出，之後又利用國際調停與两年的艰苦谈判，讓战争以一个实际维持战前状态的和约结束。根据1570年12月13日签订的，瑞典赎回艾尔夫斯堡，它的扩张暂时受到遏制。 通过这场战争，弗雷德里克二世认识到了丹麦军事能力的有限。他转而开始关注海上力量，藉由把美洲白銀運回丹麥的丹麥商船，使國計民生大大地改善了。弗雷德里克二世同情宗教改革运动，但也只是在口头上给以支持而已，不過當1585年原來尼德蘭的經貿中心安特衛普最後被西班牙的天主教軍攻陷時，許多當地的新教徒先後逃到丹麥來，這些新教徒在工藝、經商上有傑出能力，對丹麥的經濟、文化頗有助益，譬如克隆堡（哈姆雷特發生之地）就被這批工藝師傅改建成美輪美奐的王宮，洋溢著文藝復興建築的壯麗風格。 弗雷德里克二世曾向英格兰女王伊丽莎白一世求婚，並終生保持著良好關係，英、丹兩國間的爭議總能和平解決，譬如英國承認挪威與格陵蘭之間的水域為丹麥的領海，而丹麥對英國船隻則特別優惠地只收取象徵性的航運稅，結果弗雷德里克因此獲頒英國的嘉德勳章。不過，实际处理国际事务时，在位後期的弗雷德里克明智地保持中立，不插手英、法對西班牙的戰事，或者是立窩尼亞戰爭的後期戰事（特別是在1577年完全退出俄、波間的戰爭）。有经验的国务活动家们，如佩德尔·奥克斯、和实际上管理着国内事务。 在性格上，弗雷德里克二世是一个鲁莽、自负、好大喜功的人。他热衷于打猎，喜欢喝酒；许多人相信他最终是死于酗酒。弗雷德里克二世在位時期是丹麥國力與財富的增長期，他在国内建设上也取得不少成果：在1574年～1585年间重建了赫尔辛格的；挪威城市腓特烈斯塔也是他在1576年所建立，并以其名字命名。弗雷德里克二世也是伟大的丹麦天文学家第谷·布拉赫（克卜勒為其學生）的资助人。 弗雷德里克二世于1588年去世，遗体安葬在罗斯基勒大教堂。 (zh) Фре́дерік II (дан. Frederik 2.; 1 липня 1534, Хадерслев — 4 квітня 1588, монастир Антворсків, поблизу Слагельсе) — король Данії і Норвегії з 1 січня 1559, з династії Ольденбургів. Син данського короля Кристіана III і Доротеї фон Саксен-Лауенбург (дан. Dorothea af Sachsen-Lauenburg, 9 липня 1511 — 7 жовтня 1571). (uk) |
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right (en) |
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Erik Arup (en) Frederick II to Tycho Brahe (en) |
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dbr:Christian_III_of_Denmark () (en) John II the Elder and Adolf (en) |
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1534-07-01 (xsd:date) |
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Haderslevhus Castle, Haderslev, Denmark (en) |
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1588-08-05 (xsd:date) Roskilde Cathedral, Zealand, Denmark (en) |
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Portrait by Hans Knieper, 1581. (en) |
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1559-08-20 (xsd:date) dbr:Copenhagen_Cathedral |
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1588-04-04 (xsd:date) |
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Antvorskov Castle, Zealand, Denmark (en) |
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dbr:Christian_III_of_Denmark |
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Renata of Lorraine Mary, Queen of Scots and Elizabeth I (en) |
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dbr:House_of_Oldenburg |
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Darnley stage 3.jpg (en) François Clouet - Mary, Queen of Scots - Google Art Project.jpg (en) Portret van Renata van Lotharingen, hertogin van Beieren, Johann Sadeler , 1588 - 1595.jpg (en) |
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dbr:Ulrik_of_Denmark_(1578–1624) dbr:Christian_IV_of_Denmark dbr:Elizabeth_of_Denmark,_Duchess_of_Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel dbr:Anne_of_Denmark dbr:Augusta_of_Denmark dbr:Hedwig_of_Denmark dbr:John,_Prince_of_Schleswig-Holstein |
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#Issue (en) |
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(en) |
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dbr:Dorothea_of_Saxe-Lauenburg |
| dbp:name |
Frederick II (en) |
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dbr:Christian_III_of_Denmark |
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dbr:Frederick_II,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp dbr:Adolf,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp dbr:John_II,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev dbr:Philip,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp |
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0001-01-01 (xsd:gMonthDay) |
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Protestantism (en) |
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1 (xsd:integer) |
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Signatur Friedrich II. .PNG (en) |
| dbp:spouse |
1572-07-20 (xsd:date) dbr:Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-Güstrow (en) |
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King of Denmark and Norway (en) |
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dbr:Christian_IV_of_Denmark |
| dbp:text |
I will sail over to the island [Hven] from time to time and see your work in astronomy and chemistry, and gladly support your investigations, not because I have any understanding of astronomical matters ... but because I am your king and you my subject ... . I see it as my duty to support and promote something like this (en) He was robust and brutal, so hotheaded and gross in his whole way that it was striking even for his contemporaries. His penchant for overestimating himself and underestimating everyone else was a profound feature of him that made him highly ungracious and unlovable (en) |
| dbp:title |
Duke of Holstein and Schleswig (en) King of Denmark and Norway (en) |
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600 (xsd:integer) |
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200 (xsd:integer) |
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1559 (xsd:integer) 1586 (xsd:integer) 1587 (xsd:integer) |
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dbr:King |
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http://viaf.org/viaf/76289325 |
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| rdfs:comment |
Frederik II. Dánský (1. července 1534, Haderslev, Dánsko – 4. dubna 1588, ) byl dánský a norský král (1559–1588). Jeho panování je charakterizováno růstem královských financí, jenž mu dovolil budovat zámky a paláce. (cs) فريدريك الثاني (ولد في 1 يوليو 1534) كان ملك الدنمارك والنرويج ودوقية شلسفيغ من 1559 حتى وفاته في 4 أبريل 1588. (ar) Friedrich II. (* 1. Juli 1534 in Hadersleben; † 4. April 1588 in Antvorskov bei Slagelse) war König von Dänemark und Norwegen von 1559 bis 1588. (de) Ο Φρειδερίκος Β΄ (δανικά: Frederik 2.) ήταν ο Βασιλιάς της Δανίας και της Νορβηγίας από το 1559 μέχρι το 1588. Προκάτοχός του ήταν ο πατέρας του Χριστιανός Γ΄ της Δανίας και διάδοχός του ο γιος του Χριστιανός Δ΄ της Δανίας. (el) Frederiko la 2-a, dane Frederik 2., (1-a de julio 1534 – 4-a de aprilo 1588), reĝo de Danio kaj Norvegio 1559 – 1588. Filo de Kristiano la 3-a. Frederiko la 2-a ebligis al la astronomo Tycho Brahe bonajn ekonomiajn kondiĉojn por labori science sur la insulo Ven en la Sundo. (eo) Frederiko II.a Danimarkako eta Norvegiako (1648-1670) erregea izan zen. Ezin beretu ahal izan zuen Suedia (1563-1570). (eu) Frédéric II de Danemark et de Norvège (en danois : Frederik 2 af Danmark og Norge, en norvégien : Frederik II av Danmark og Norge), né le 1er juillet 1534 à Hadersleben et mort le 4 avril 1588 à (royaume de Danemark et de Norvège), fut roi de Danemark et de Norvège de 1559 à sa mort. (fr) Frederick II (1 Juli 1534 – 4 April 1588) adalah Raja Denmark dan Norwegia dan Adipati Schleswig dan Holstein dari 1559 hingga kematiannya. (in) フレゼリク2世（Frederick II, 1534年7月1日 - 1588年4月4日）は、デンマーク＝ノルウェーの国王（在位1559年 - 1588年）。クリスチャン3世と王妃ドロテアの息子。 (ja) Federico II di Danimarca (Haderslev, 1º luglio 1534 – , 4 aprile 1588) fu re di Danimarca e di Norvegia e duca di Schleswig-Holstein. (it) 프레데리크 2세(덴마크어: Frederick II, 노르웨이어: Frederick II, 1534년 7월 1일 ~ 1588년 4월 4일)는 덴마크와 노르웨이의 국왕(재위: 1559년 1월 1일 ~ 1588년 4월 4일)이다. (ko) Fryderyk II Oldenburg (ur. 1 lipca 1534 w Haderslev, zm. 4 kwietnia 1588 w klasztorze Antvorskov, gmina Slagelse) – król Danii i Norwegii w latach 1559–1588. Był synem Chrystiana III i Doroty saskiej. (pl) Фре́дерик II (дат. Frederik 2.; 1 июля 1534, Хадерслев — 4 апреля 1588, монастырь , близ Слагельсе) — король Дании и Норвегии с 1 января 1559 года, из династии Ольденбургов. Сын датского короля Кристиана III и Доротеи Саксен-Лауэнбургской. (ru) Fredrik II, född 1 juli 1534, död 4 april 1588, kung av Danmark och Norge från 1559. Son till Kristian III av Danmark och Dorothea av Sachsen-Lauenburg. Eftersom modern var syster till Gustav Vasas första hustru Katarina av Sachsen-Lauenburg var Fredrik kusin till den svenske kungen Erik XIV, som var Katarinas son. (sv) Frederico II (Haderslev, 1 de julho de 1534 – Antvorskov, 4 de abril de 1588) foi o Rei da Dinamarca e Noruega de 1559 até sua morte. Era o filho do rei Cristiano III e da rainha Doroteia de Saxe-Lauemburgo. (pt) Фре́дерік II (дан. Frederik 2.; 1 липня 1534, Хадерслев — 4 квітня 1588, монастир Антворсків, поблизу Слагельсе) — король Данії і Норвегії з 1 січня 1559, з династії Ольденбургів. Син данського короля Кристіана III і Доротеї фон Саксен-Лауенбург (дан. Dorothea af Sachsen-Lauenburg, 9 липня 1511 — 7 жовтня 1571). (uk) Frederic II (Haderslev, 1 de juliol de 1534 - Slagelse, 4 d'abril de 1588) va ser rei de Dinamarca i de Noruega entre 1559 i 1588. Era fill de Cristià III i de Dorotea de Saxònia-Lauenburg. El monarca tenia evidents inclinacions militars i un gran interès a coordinar el desenvolupament econòmic del regne. Dinamarca era llavors la principal potència d'Escandinàvia i controlava totalment el Mar Bàltic. Les seves pretensions el van conduir a entrar a la Guerra Nòrdica dels Set Anys, un conflicte contra el seu cosí Eric XIV de Suècia, que perjudicà tant a Dinamarca com a Noruega. (ca) Frederick II (1 July 1534 – 4 April 1588) was King of Denmark and Norway and Duke of Schleswig and Holstein from 1559 until his death. A member of the House of Oldenburg, Frederick began his personal rule of Denmark-Norway at the age of 24. He inherited a capable and strong kingdom, formed in large by his father after the civil war known as the Count's Feud, after which Denmark saw a period of economic recovery and of a great increase in the centralised authority of the Crown. (en) Federico II (Haderslev, Dinamarca, 1 de julio de 1534 - Slagelse, ibid., 4 de abril de 1588). Rey de Dinamarca y de Noruega (1559 - 1588). Era hijo de Cristián III y de Dorotea de Sajonia-Lauemburgo. Tenía claras inclinaciones militares y un interés en coordinar el desarrollo económico e incrementar el poderío militar de su reino, entonces la principal potencia naval del Mar Báltico. Sus pretensiones lo condujeron a involucrarse en la Guerra Nórdica de los Siete Años, un conflicto inútil contra su primo Erico XIV de Suecia, que fue perjudicial tanto para Dinamarca como para Noruega. (es) Frederik II (Haderslev, 1 juli 1534 – Antvorskov, 4 april 1588) was koning van Denemarken en Noorwegen van 1559 tot zijn dood. Hij was de oudste zoon van koning Christiaan III van Denemarken en Noorwegen en Dorothea van Saksen-Lauenburg. Hij was getrouwd met Sophia van Mecklenburg-Güstrow. Frederik II en Sophia hadden acht kinderen, van wie er zeven volwassen werden: (nl) 弗雷德里克二世（丹麥語：Frederik 2.，1534年7月1日-1588年4月4日）奥尔登堡王朝的丹麦和挪威国王（1559年～1588年在位）。是一個典型的文藝復興統治者。 弗雷德里克二世为丹麦和挪威国王克里斯蒂安三世之子，母亲是萨克森-劳恩堡公爵马格努斯一世的女儿。与他那谨慎的父亲不同，弗雷德里克二世倾向于军事冒险。他在年轻时代就与德意志那些争战不休的王公们过从甚密。即位后，弗雷德里克二世试图推行加强王权的改革，遭到强大的丹麦贵族（以国会为代表）的强烈抵制。 弗雷德里克二世在位第一年就发动对外战争，进攻位于的一个独立的农民共和国。结果他成功地将此地征服，取得第一个军事胜利。不久他又卷入了立窝尼亚战争。鉴于立窝尼亚骑士团已完全无力抵抗俄国沙皇伊凡四世的猛烈攻势，弗雷德里克二世于1560年出兵兼并骑士团领地萨雷马岛，企图建立缓冲并参与瓜分行将灭亡的骑士团的领土立窝尼亚地区。 弗雷德里克二世统治时期最重要的事件是1563年至1570年与瑞典的战争（所谓北方七年战争）。瑞典国王埃里克十四世企图通过战争取得在北欧的霸权，并因此与西班牙结盟；弗雷德里克二世则想要夺回丹麦在波罗的海地区的传统优势。战争初期丹麦占据上风，从海上封锁瑞典，并于1563年攻克瑞典的艾尔夫斯堡要塞。但是瑞典海军在1565年打破了丹麦的封锁，侵入和斯堪尼亚。战争演变成开支巨大的消耗战，弗雷德里克二世与贵族的关系急剧恶化。 (zh) |
| rdfs:label |
Frederick II of Denmark (en) فريدريك الثاني ملك الدنمارك (ar) Frederic II de Dinamarca (ca) Frederik II. Dánský (cs) Friedrich II. (Dänemark und Norwegen) (de) Φρειδερίκος Β΄ της Δανίας (el) Frederiko la 2-a (Danio-Norvegio) (eo) Federico II de Dinamarca (es) Frederiko II.a Danimarkakoa (eu) Frederik II dari Denmark (in) Frédéric II (roi de Danemark) (fr) Federico II di Danimarca (it) 프레데리크 2세 (ko) フレゼリク2世 (デンマーク王) (ja) Frederik II van Denemarken (nl) Fryderyk II Oldenburg (pl) Frederico II da Dinamarca (pt) Фредерик II (король Дании) (ru) Fredrik II av Danmark (sv) Фредерік II (король Данії) (uk) 弗雷德里克二世 (zh) |
| owl:sameAs |
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