Grammar school (original) (raw)
- تعتبر المدرسة القواعد واحدة من عدة أنواع مختلفة من المدارس في تاريخ التعليم في المملكة المتحدة وغيرها من البلدان الناطقة بالإنجليزية، وهي في الأصل مدرسة لتعليم اللغة اللاتينية، ولكن في الآونة الأخيرة أصبحت مدرسة ثانوية ذات توجه أكاديمي. (ar)
- Grammar Schools im Vereinigten Königreich sind heute (ähnlich den deutschen Gymnasien) staatliche weiterführende Schulen mit höheren Ansprüchen. Der früher verbreitete Schultyp (neben der Technical School und der Secondary Modern School) beruhte etwa seit 1945 auf einer selektiven Prüfung im Alter von elf Jahren, doch seit den 1960er Jahren wurde er immer mehr durch Gesamtschulen ersetzt. Die weiter bestehenden Grammar Schools entwickelten sich meist von altsprachlichen Gymnasien, die für die Pflege der Classics (Latein und Altgriechisch) bekannt waren, zu Schulen, die im achtjährigen Kursus allgemein auf das Hochschulstudium vorbereiten. Die Mehrzahl der Schüler wechselt jedoch nach sechs Jahren mit dem erworbenen Grammar School Certificate in das berufliche Bildungswesen (z. B. Technical Colleges). 2020 existieren landesweit noch etwa 160 Schulen dieses Typs in England (von etwa 3.000 Sekundarschulen) und in Nordirland über 60, die 5 % aller Sekundarschüler besuchen (Liste in englischer Wikipedia). Seit 1998 ist es den Schulbehörden verboten, neue Grammar Schools zu eröffnen. Der hohe Standard der Ausbildung an den Grammar Schools bewirkte einen starken Zulauf, der es schwierig machte, einen Platz zu bekommen. Mehrheitlich besuchten Kinder besser verdienender Familien die Schulen, die damit den kostspieligen Public Schools entgingen. Die heutigen Hochburgen in England sind Kent, Buckinghamshire und Lincolnshire, Regionen mit konservativen Mehrheiten. Viele renommierte Grammar Schools wie in Manchester oder das King Edward's in Birmingham behielten das Selektionsprinzip bei und wurden Public Schools. Eine Grammar School in den USA entspricht – regional unterschiedlich – eher einer deutschen oder Schweizer Grund- bzw. Primarschule. (de)
- A grammar school is one of several different types of school in the history of education in the United Kingdom and other English-speaking countries, originally a school teaching Latin, but more recently an academically oriented secondary school, differentiated in recent years from less academic secondary modern schools. The main difference is that a grammar school may select pupils based on academic achievement whereas a secondary modern may not. The original purpose of medieval grammar schools was the teaching of Latin. Over time the curriculum was broadened, first to include Ancient Greek, and later English and other European languages, natural sciences, mathematics, history, geography, art and other subjects. In the late Victorian era grammar schools were reorganised to provide secondary education throughout England and Wales; Scotland had developed a different system. Grammar schools of these types were also established in British territories overseas, where they have evolved in different ways. Grammar schools became one of the three tiers of the Tripartite System of state-funded secondary education operating in England and Wales from the mid-1940s to the late 1960s, and continue as such in Northern Ireland. After most Local Education Authorities moved to non-selective comprehensive schools in the 1960s and 1970s, some grammar schools became fully independent schools and charged fees, while most others were abolished or became comprehensive (or sometimes merged with a secondary modern to form a new comprehensive school). In both cases, some of these schools kept "grammar school" in their names. More recently, a number of state grammar schools still retaining their selective intake gained academy status, meaning that they are independent of the Local Education Authority (LEA). Some parts of England retain forms of the Tripartite System, and a few grammar schools survive in otherwise comprehensive areas. Some of the remaining grammar schools can trace their histories to before the 15th century. (en)
- Un grammar school, en el Reino Unido y otros países angloparlantes, es un establecimiento de educación secundaria o, en algunos casos, de nivel primario. Los orígenes de la grammar school se remontan a la Europa medieval. Las grammar schools se convirtieron en el nivel selectivo del de la educación secundaria oficial de Inglaterra y Gales desde mediados de los 1940s, y más adelante también de Irlanda del Norte. Con la aparición de las escuelas «» ("escuelas comprensivas") en los años 60 y 70, algunas grammar schools se volvieron independientes y de pago, mientras que la mayoría fueron abolidas o se hicieron comprensivas. En ambos casos, muchas de estas escuelas guardaron el apelativo de grammar school. En la actualidad, las grammar schools se refieren a uno de los remanentes de las escuelas oficiales absolutamente selectivas en Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte. Coexisten las campañas a favor de estas escuelas (The National Grammar Schools Association) con las campañas en contra. (es)
- Une grammar school est, dans les pays anglophones, un établissement d'enseignement secondaire ou, plus rarement, d'enseignement primaire. Les origines des grammar schools remontent à l'Europe médiévale. (fr)
- グラマースクール(英: grammar school)は、イギリスおよび英語を主要言語とする国の教育史において数種類ある学校のうちの1つである。現在この学校は中等教育を形成している。文法学校(ぶんぽうがっこう)ともいう。中世におけるグラマースクールの本来の目的はラテン語を教えることにあったが、そのうちカリキュラムが拡大し、まず古代ギリシャ語や時にはヘブライ語、後に英語や他の欧州の言語を、そして同様に自然科学や数学、歴史、地理学などの科目も教えるようになった。ビクトリア時代の後半、異なる教育制度を発展させたスコットランドを除くイギリスの各地で、グラマースクールは中等教育を施すために再編成された。こうしたグラマースクールはイギリスの統治領でも設立され、各地でそれぞれ違う形に発展していった。 1940年代半ばから1960年代後半にかけて、グラマースクールはイングランドとウェールズでからなる公立中等教育の選択肢の1つとなり、北アイルランドでは継続している。1960年代から1970年代の非選択制のコンプリヘンシブ・スクール(総合制中等学校)へ移行すると、一部のグラマースクールは完全に独立し有償化したが、ほとんどの学校は廃止されるかコンプリヘンシブ・スクールになった。いずれの場合も多くの学校では校名に「グラマースクール」が残った。イングランドの一部の地域では、三分岐教育制度を維持しており、総合学校化された地域にも少数ではあるがグラマースクールが残っている。現存するグラマースクールには16世紀以前にその歴史を辿れるものも存在する。 (ja)
- L'espressione grammar school oggi indica nel Regno Unito una scuola secondaria simile al liceo dei paesi latini e al Gymnasium di quelli di lingua tedesca, ovvero designa una scuola secondaria propedeutica all'università. Le scuole sono note soprattutto per l'attenzione allo studio dell'antichità classica e, perciò, del latino e del greco. Il corso, che dura otto anni, prepara per l'accesso all'università; la maggior parte dei diplomati, tuttavia, sceglie, dopo sei anni, ottenuto il Grammar School Certificate, di entrare in un technical college. Negli Stati Uniti, invece, si chiama grammar school una scuola primaria o elementare. (it)
- 문법학교(文法學校, 영어: grammar school 그래머스쿨[*])은 영국 등 영어권 국가의 교육 역사에서 학교의 종류 중 하나이다. 현재 이 학교는 중등 교육을 형성하고 있다. 중세의 문법학교의 원래 목적은 라틴어를 가르치는 데 있었다. 시를 거쳐, 처음에는 고대 그리스어, 히브리어, 나중에는 영어 등의 유럽 언어 포함뿐만 아니라 자연 과학 및 수학, 역사, 지리 등의 과목을 가르쳤다. 후기 빅토리아 시대, 문법학교는 다른 제도를 발전시켜, 스코틀랜드를 제외하고, 영국 전역에서 중등 교육을 실시하기 위하여 재구성되었다. 문법학교는 1940년대 중반부터 1960년대 후반까지 잉글랜드와 웨일스에서 행해진 북아일랜드에 따른 국립 중등 교육의 3부 구성의 교육 제도의 대안 중 하나가 되었다. 1960년대부터 1970년대의 비선택형의 종합 교육으로 전환하고, 문법학교는 대부분 폐지되거나 종합 교육 학교화했다고 해도, 사립 학교화 수업료를 징수하게 되었다. (ko)
- Grammar school is een onderwijsvorm in Engelstalige landen. De grammar schools vonden hun oorsprong in de middeleeuwen als onderwijsinstellingen waar leerlingen werden voorbereid op de universiteit. Latijn was daarbij een belangrijk vak, later aangevuld met Grieks, andere Europese talen maar ook wetenschappen. Dit onderwijs was toen grotendeels in handen van de kerk. Later, met de democratisering van het onderwijs in de 19e en 20e eeuw, werd de term grammar school nagenoeg synoniem van middelbare school, hoewel het toch nog een wat elitaire bijklank heeft, vergelijkbaar met het Nederlandse gymnasium, of de Vlaamse "klassieke humaniora". In andere gevallen duidt men met grammar school nog steeds het (privé-)onderwijs aan dat door de (Anglicaanse) kerk wordt georganiseerd. (nl)
- Uma escola de gramática é um dos vários tipos diferentes de escola na história da educação no Reino Unido e outros países de língua inglesa, originalmente uma escola de ensino de latim, mas mais recentemente uma escola secundária academicamente orientada, diferenciada nos últimos anos de menos acadêmica . O propósito original das escolas de gramática medieval era o ensino do latim. Com o passar do tempo, o currículo foi ampliado, primeiro para incluir o grego antigo e, posteriormente, o inglês e outras línguas europeias, ciências naturais, matemática, história, geografia e outros assuntos. No final da era vitoriana, as escolas de gramática foram reorganizadas para oferecer educação secundária em toda a Inglaterra e País de Gales; A Escócia desenvolveu um sistema diferente. Escolas de gramática destes tipos também foram estabelecidas em territórios britânicos no exterior, onde eles evoluíram de maneiras diferentes. As escolas de gramática tornaram-se a camada seletiva do de educação secundária financiada pelo Estado, operando na Inglaterra e no País de Gales, de meados da década de 1940 até o final da década de 1960 e continuando na Irlanda do Norte. Com a mudança para não seletivas nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, algumas escolas de gramática tornaram-se totalmente independentes e cobraram honorários, enquanto a maioria foi abolida ou tornou-se abrangente (ou às vezes se fundiu com um para formar uma nova escola abrangente). Em ambos os casos, muitas dessas escolas mantinham "gramática" em seus nomes. Mais recentemente, um número de escolas de gramática estaduais ainda retendo a sua ingestão seletiva ganhou status , o que significa que eles são independentes da . Algumas partes da Inglaterra mantêm formas do Sistema Tripartido, e algumas escolas de gramática sobrevivem em áreas abrangentes. Algumas das escolas de gramática restantes podem traçar suas histórias antes do século XVI. (pt)
- Grammar school är en skoltyp som förekommer i vissa engelsktalande länder och bildades från 1500-talet och framåt. Ursprungligen var avsikten att lära eleverna grammatik i ett eller två europeiska språk, därav namnet; det ena språket var vanligen latin. Motsvarigheten i Sverige vid denna tid var trivialskolan. Numera är det en skolform som förbereder för högre utbildning med en läroplan i linje med andra skolor med samma målsättning. I Storbritannien är grammar schools offentliga skolor som tar emot studieintresserade elever och är närmast jämförbara med de läroverk som tidigare fanns i Sverige. Från 1960-talet ersattes dessa skolor i allmänhet med comprehensive schools, som inte har något urvalsförfarande och erbjuder såväl studieförberedande som praktisk utbildning. Grammar schools finns dock kvar i några enstaka engelska skoldistrikt samt i Nordirland. (sv)
- Граммати́ческая шко́ла (англ. grammar school) — английское название основного типа средней школы Европы XVI–XIX веков. В этих школах преподавались латинский и древнегреческий языки, математика и ряд других наук. В Англии этот термин (лат. scolae grammaticales) появился к XIV веку на латыни, которой и обучали в этих школах. В других странах (в частности, в Германии, Российской империи) такие школы называли гимназиями, во Франции их называли лицеями. В современной Великобритании grammar school — обычная средняя школа, имеющая общее с «классической гимназией» (какой она была в XIX веке) только по названию. (ru)
- 文法学校(grammar school)的意义在各地区有所不同(见下文),分别提供中等教育或初等教育(较少)。文法学校的起源可追溯到中世纪欧洲,强调大学的预备科目,例如拉丁语和古希腊语。 (zh)
- Школа грамоти (англ. grammar school) — в різних країнах, ступінь руху до грамотності і освіти, складова частина системи . * У Великій Британії - 1) іст. Школа класичної граматики, лат. scolae grammaticales; термін з'являється до XIV століття на латині, якою і навчали в цих школах; 2) сучас.англ. Grammar school - звичайна (середня) школа, що має спільне з «класичною гімназією» (якою вона була в XIX столітті) тільки за назвою. * В Російській імперії - назва початкових шкіл, організованих аж до кінця XIX століття в порядку особистої ініціативи (іноді незважаючи на відому протидію зверху). До кінця століття школи грамоти отримують правову основу, і являють собою 1-2-річні школи. З підпорядкування різних відомств і приватних осіб їх в 1891 році передають Синоду . Програма обмежувалася заучуванням молитов, початками читання, письма та рахунку. Після 1917 ліквідуються в контексті відділення школи від церкви. * В СРСР у 1920-і рр. школами грамоти (або школами грамотності) називали 1-2-річні пункти і школи ліквідації неписьменності (лікбезлікпункти) . (uk)
- http://www.educationengland.org.uk/history/
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/2131174.stm
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/3571387.stm
- https://web.archive.org/web/20081006161510/http:/www.support-kent-schools.org.uk/
- https://www.theguardian.com/education/grammarschools
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- تعتبر المدرسة القواعد واحدة من عدة أنواع مختلفة من المدارس في تاريخ التعليم في المملكة المتحدة وغيرها من البلدان الناطقة بالإنجليزية، وهي في الأصل مدرسة لتعليم اللغة اللاتينية، ولكن في الآونة الأخيرة أصبحت مدرسة ثانوية ذات توجه أكاديمي. (ar)
- Une grammar school est, dans les pays anglophones, un établissement d'enseignement secondaire ou, plus rarement, d'enseignement primaire. Les origines des grammar schools remontent à l'Europe médiévale. (fr)
- 문법학교(文法學校, 영어: grammar school 그래머스쿨[*])은 영국 등 영어권 국가의 교육 역사에서 학교의 종류 중 하나이다. 현재 이 학교는 중등 교육을 형성하고 있다. 중세의 문법학교의 원래 목적은 라틴어를 가르치는 데 있었다. 시를 거쳐, 처음에는 고대 그리스어, 히브리어, 나중에는 영어 등의 유럽 언어 포함뿐만 아니라 자연 과학 및 수학, 역사, 지리 등의 과목을 가르쳤다. 후기 빅토리아 시대, 문법학교는 다른 제도를 발전시켜, 스코틀랜드를 제외하고, 영국 전역에서 중등 교육을 실시하기 위하여 재구성되었다. 문법학교는 1940년대 중반부터 1960년대 후반까지 잉글랜드와 웨일스에서 행해진 북아일랜드에 따른 국립 중등 교육의 3부 구성의 교육 제도의 대안 중 하나가 되었다. 1960년대부터 1970년대의 비선택형의 종합 교육으로 전환하고, 문법학교는 대부분 폐지되거나 종합 교육 학교화했다고 해도, 사립 학교화 수업료를 징수하게 되었다. (ko)
- 文法学校(grammar school)的意义在各地区有所不同(见下文),分别提供中等教育或初等教育(较少)。文法学校的起源可追溯到中世纪欧洲,强调大学的预备科目,例如拉丁语和古希腊语。 (zh)
- Grammar Schools im Vereinigten Königreich sind heute (ähnlich den deutschen Gymnasien) staatliche weiterführende Schulen mit höheren Ansprüchen. Der früher verbreitete Schultyp (neben der Technical School und der Secondary Modern School) beruhte etwa seit 1945 auf einer selektiven Prüfung im Alter von elf Jahren, doch seit den 1960er Jahren wurde er immer mehr durch Gesamtschulen ersetzt. Die weiter bestehenden Grammar Schools entwickelten sich meist von altsprachlichen Gymnasien, die für die Pflege der Classics (Latein und Altgriechisch) bekannt waren, zu Schulen, die im achtjährigen Kursus allgemein auf das Hochschulstudium vorbereiten. Die Mehrzahl der Schüler wechselt jedoch nach sechs Jahren mit dem erworbenen Grammar School Certificate in das berufliche Bildungswesen (z. B. Technical (de)
- A grammar school is one of several different types of school in the history of education in the United Kingdom and other English-speaking countries, originally a school teaching Latin, but more recently an academically oriented secondary school, differentiated in recent years from less academic secondary modern schools. The main difference is that a grammar school may select pupils based on academic achievement whereas a secondary modern may not. (en)
- Un grammar school, en el Reino Unido y otros países angloparlantes, es un establecimiento de educación secundaria o, en algunos casos, de nivel primario. Los orígenes de la grammar school se remontan a la Europa medieval. En la actualidad, las grammar schools se refieren a uno de los remanentes de las escuelas oficiales absolutamente selectivas en Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte. Coexisten las campañas a favor de estas escuelas (The National Grammar Schools Association) con las campañas en contra. (es)
- L'espressione grammar school oggi indica nel Regno Unito una scuola secondaria simile al liceo dei paesi latini e al Gymnasium di quelli di lingua tedesca, ovvero designa una scuola secondaria propedeutica all'università. Le scuole sono note soprattutto per l'attenzione allo studio dell'antichità classica e, perciò, del latino e del greco. Il corso, che dura otto anni, prepara per l'accesso all'università; la maggior parte dei diplomati, tuttavia, sceglie, dopo sei anni, ottenuto il Grammar School Certificate, di entrare in un technical college. (it)
- グラマースクール(英: grammar school)は、イギリスおよび英語を主要言語とする国の教育史において数種類ある学校のうちの1つである。現在この学校は中等教育を形成している。文法学校(ぶんぽうがっこう)ともいう。中世におけるグラマースクールの本来の目的はラテン語を教えることにあったが、そのうちカリキュラムが拡大し、まず古代ギリシャ語や時にはヘブライ語、後に英語や他の欧州の言語を、そして同様に自然科学や数学、歴史、地理学などの科目も教えるようになった。ビクトリア時代の後半、異なる教育制度を発展させたスコットランドを除くイギリスの各地で、グラマースクールは中等教育を施すために再編成された。こうしたグラマースクールはイギリスの統治領でも設立され、各地でそれぞれ違う形に発展していった。 (ja)
- Grammar school is een onderwijsvorm in Engelstalige landen. De grammar schools vonden hun oorsprong in de middeleeuwen als onderwijsinstellingen waar leerlingen werden voorbereid op de universiteit. Latijn was daarbij een belangrijk vak, later aangevuld met Grieks, andere Europese talen maar ook wetenschappen. Dit onderwijs was toen grotendeels in handen van de kerk. In andere gevallen duidt men met grammar school nog steeds het (privé-)onderwijs aan dat door de (Anglicaanse) kerk wordt georganiseerd. (nl)
- Граммати́ческая шко́ла (англ. grammar school) — английское название основного типа средней школы Европы XVI–XIX веков. В этих школах преподавались латинский и древнегреческий языки, математика и ряд других наук. В Англии этот термин (лат. scolae grammaticales) появился к XIV веку на латыни, которой и обучали в этих школах. В других странах (в частности, в Германии, Российской империи) такие школы называли гимназиями, во Франции их называли лицеями. (ru)
- Uma escola de gramática é um dos vários tipos diferentes de escola na história da educação no Reino Unido e outros países de língua inglesa, originalmente uma escola de ensino de latim, mas mais recentemente uma escola secundária academicamente orientada, diferenciada nos últimos anos de menos acadêmica . (pt)
- Grammar school är en skoltyp som förekommer i vissa engelsktalande länder och bildades från 1500-talet och framåt. Ursprungligen var avsikten att lära eleverna grammatik i ett eller två europeiska språk, därav namnet; det ena språket var vanligen latin. Motsvarigheten i Sverige vid denna tid var trivialskolan. Numera är det en skolform som förbereder för högre utbildning med en läroplan i linje med andra skolor med samma målsättning. (sv)
- Школа грамоти (англ. grammar school) — в різних країнах, ступінь руху до грамотності і освіти, складова частина системи . * У Великій Британії - 1) іст. Школа класичної граматики, лат. scolae grammaticales; термін з'являється до XIV століття на латині, якою і навчали в цих школах; 2) сучас.англ. Grammar school - звичайна (середня) школа, що має спільне з «класичною гімназією» (якою вона була в XIX столітті) тільки за назвою. * В Російській імперії - назва початкових шкіл, організованих аж до кінця XIX століття в порядку особистої ініціативи (іноді незважаючи на відому протидію зверху). До кінця століття школи грамоти отримують правову основу, і являють собою 1-2-річні школи. З підпорядкування різних відомств і приватних осіб їх в 1891 році передають Синоду . Програма обмежувалася (uk)
- Grammar school (en)
- مدرسة القواعد (ar)
- Grammar School (de)
- Grammar school (es)
- Grammar school (fr)
- Grammar school (it)
- グラマースクール (ja)
- 문법학교 (ko)
- Grammar school (nl)
- Escola de gramática (pt)
- Грамматическая школа (Великобритания) (ru)
- Grammar school (sv)
- 文法学校 (zh)
- Школа грамоти (uk)
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- dbr:Reuchlin-Gymnasium
- dbr:Reykjavik_Women's_Gymnasium
- dbr:Ribston_Hall_High_School
- dbr:Richard_Bancroft
- dbr:Richard_Bentley
- dbr:Richard_Bradley_(archaeologist)