Italian Ethiopia (original) (raw)
- كانت إثيوبيا الإيطالية (بالإيطالية: Etiopia italiana)، والتي تعرف أيضًا باسم الإمبراطورية الإيطالية لإثيوبيا، كيانًا إيطاليًا رسميًا لإقليم الإمبراطورية الإثيوبية المحتلّة. لم تكن إثيوبيا الإيطالية كيانًا إداريًا، ولكن الاسم الرسمي للإقليم السابق للإمبراطورية الإثيوبية التي شكّلت الآن محافظات أمهرة وهرار وغالا-سيدامو وسيوا بعد إنشاء شرق أفريقيا الإيطالية (Africa Orientale Italiana, AOI) بعد الحرب الإيطالية الإثيوبية الثانية، التي وقعت إثيوبيا عقبها تحت احتلال إيطاليا الفاشية بقيادة بينيتو موسوليني، أُعلِنت الأراضي الإثيوبية جزءًا من شرق أفريقيا الإيطالية (AOI) في عام 1936، مع تأسيس أديس أبابا كعاصمةٍ لشرق أفريقيا الإيطالية وإعلان فيكتور إيمانويل الثالث إمبراطورًا على إثيوبيا. بُنِيت البنية التحتية لربط المدن الكبرى والسكك الحديدية والشركات العامة والخاصة والسدود التي توفّر الطاقة والمياه خلال الحكم الإيطالي؛ وبالتالي كان هذا، إلى جانب تدفّق المستوطنين والعمال الإيطاليين، السبب الرئيسي للنمو الحضري السريع. كما ألغت الحكومة الإيطالية العبودية، وهي ممارسةٌ كانت سائدة في البلاد منذ قرون. حرّرت قوات الحلفاء إثيوبيا، بشكلٍ رئيسي من الإمبراطورية البريطانية، في حملة شرق أفريقيا خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية في عام 1941، لكن حرب العصابات الإيطالية استمرّت حتى عام 1943. على الرغم من عودة الإمبراطور هيلا سيلاسي من منفاه والاعتراف بالسيادة الإثيوبية بتوقيع اتفاقية الأنجلو إثيوبية في ديسمبر 1944، بقيت بعض المناطق تحت الاحتلال البريطاني لعدة سنواتٍ أخرى. اعترفت إيطاليا بسيادة إثيوبيا واستقلالها وتخلت عن جميع المطالبات المتعلقة بالمصالح أو النفوذ الخاص في ذلك البلد بموجب معاهدة السلام مع إيطاليا (1947). بقي العديد من المستوطنين الإيطاليين لعقودٍ من الزمن بعد حصولهم على عفوٍ كامل من الإمبراطور سيلاسي، إذ رأى فيهم فرصةً لمواصلة جهود التحديث في البلاد. (ar)
- Italian Ethiopia (Italian: Etiopia italiana), also known as the Italian Empire of Ethiopia, was the territory of the Ethiopian Empire which was occupied by Italy for approximately five years. Italian Ethiopia was not an administrative entity, but the formal name of the former territory of the Ethiopian Empire which now constituted the Governorates of Amhara, Harar, Galla-Sidamo, and Scioa after the establishment of Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana, AOI). After the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, in which Ethiopia was occupied by Fascist Italy, the Ethiopian territories were proclaimed by Benito Mussolini as part of Italian East Africa (AOI) in 1936, with the capital of the AOI being established in Addis Ababa and King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy proclaiming himself Emperor of Ethiopia. Fighting between Ethiopian and Italian regular forces continued until February 1937, and afterward guerrilla fighting persisted until 1939. In 1941, during World War II, Ethiopia was occupied by Allied forces, mainly from the British Empire, in the East African Campaign, but an Italian guerrilla war continued until 1943. The country was placed under British military administration; Emperor Haile Selassie was allowed to return and claim his throne, but the British authorities ruled the country until December 1944, when full sovereignty was restored with the signing of an Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement, although some regions remained under British control for more years. Under the peace treaty of 1947, Italy recognized the sovereignty and independence of Ethiopia and renounced all claims to special interests or influence in that country. Many Italian settlers remained for decades after receiving full pardon by Emperor Selassie. (en)
- L’Empire italien d'Éthiopie est une colonie italienne dont l'existence correspond à l'occupation italienne de l'Éthiopie du 5 mai 1936 au 5 mai 1941. Durant cette période, l'Italie fasciste, à la suite de sa victoire lors de la seconde guerre italo-éthiopienne, occupe partiellement l'Empire éthiopien. Cette occupation sera marquée par la violence de l'occupant et par l'échec de la politique de colonisation. Ainsi, bien qu'incorporée par Benito Mussolini à l'Afrique orientale italienne, l'Abyssinie fut juridiquement un territoire occupé, ayant maintenu son indépendance. L'occupation fut également marquée par le rôle essentiel joué par la résistance éthiopienne afin d'empêcher la mise en œuvre des politiques coloniales. L'occupation effective de l'Ethiopie par l'Italie, et le contrôle militaire du territoire, en 1940, ne concerne qu'environ 10 % du territoire éthiopien, la colonisation italienne, s'étendant entre 1935 et 1941 étant trop courte pour étendre complètement l'influence du colonisateur italien. Donc, de facto, de nombreuses régions de ce pays, occupé, ignorent la présence militaire de l'envahisseur italien. Cependant, les routes principales, et les grandes régions économiques, sont occupées, dont la voie ferrée Addis-Abeba-Djibouti. L'armée Italienne occupa donc effectivement environ 120 000 km2 de territoires Éthiopiens, une superficie qui correspondait alors tout de même à 1/3 de la superficie de l'Italie d'alors. (fr)
- A Etiópia foi ocupada pela Itália em 1936 e se tornou parte de uma colônia italiana, a África Oriental Italiana, com seu antigo território sendo fundido ao de colônias anteriores e dividido em seis governatoratos. A Etiópia Italiana foi proclamada em 1936 durante a Segunda Guerra Ítalo-Etíope, na qual Vítor Emanuel III se declarou Imperador da Etiópia. A ocupação durou até o fim de 1941 quando a colônia foi liberada do controle italiano por uma combinação de etíopes, forças britânicas e da Commonwealth, da França Livre e ; A resistência italiana teve fim com a , embora alguns italianos tenham continuado combatendo em guerrilhas. A moeda circulante nesse período foi a . (pt)
- Италья́нская Эфиопия (итал. Etiopia italiana) — колониальные владения Итальянского королевства на востоке Африки, образованные после захвата и оккупации Эфиопской Империи в 1935—1936 годах. (ru)
- 義屬衣索比亞,是對義大利在1936年-1941年軍事佔領下衣索比亞的稱呼。皇帝海爾·塞拉西流亡英國,義大利國王维托里奥·埃马努埃莱三世成為衣索比亞皇帝。軍事佔領直到1941年由本土游擊隊、英軍、自由法國軍隊和自由比利時軍隊聯手結束。 (zh)
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- Италья́нская Эфиопия (итал. Etiopia italiana) — колониальные владения Итальянского королевства на востоке Африки, образованные после захвата и оккупации Эфиопской Империи в 1935—1936 годах. (ru)
- 義屬衣索比亞,是對義大利在1936年-1941年軍事佔領下衣索比亞的稱呼。皇帝海爾·塞拉西流亡英國,義大利國王维托里奥·埃马努埃莱三世成為衣索比亞皇帝。軍事佔領直到1941年由本土游擊隊、英軍、自由法國軍隊和自由比利時軍隊聯手結束。 (zh)
- كانت إثيوبيا الإيطالية (بالإيطالية: Etiopia italiana)، والتي تعرف أيضًا باسم الإمبراطورية الإيطالية لإثيوبيا، كيانًا إيطاليًا رسميًا لإقليم الإمبراطورية الإثيوبية المحتلّة. لم تكن إثيوبيا الإيطالية كيانًا إداريًا، ولكن الاسم الرسمي للإقليم السابق للإمبراطورية الإثيوبية التي شكّلت الآن محافظات أمهرة وهرار وغالا-سيدامو وسيوا بعد إنشاء شرق أفريقيا الإيطالية (Africa Orientale Italiana, AOI) (ar)
- Italian Ethiopia (Italian: Etiopia italiana), also known as the Italian Empire of Ethiopia, was the territory of the Ethiopian Empire which was occupied by Italy for approximately five years. Italian Ethiopia was not an administrative entity, but the formal name of the former territory of the Ethiopian Empire which now constituted the Governorates of Amhara, Harar, Galla-Sidamo, and Scioa after the establishment of Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana, AOI). (en)
- L’Empire italien d'Éthiopie est une colonie italienne dont l'existence correspond à l'occupation italienne de l'Éthiopie du 5 mai 1936 au 5 mai 1941. Durant cette période, l'Italie fasciste, à la suite de sa victoire lors de la seconde guerre italo-éthiopienne, occupe partiellement l'Empire éthiopien. Cette occupation sera marquée par la violence de l'occupant et par l'échec de la politique de colonisation. Ainsi, bien qu'incorporée par Benito Mussolini à l'Afrique orientale italienne, l'Abyssinie fut juridiquement un territoire occupé, ayant maintenu son indépendance. L'occupation fut également marquée par le rôle essentiel joué par la résistance éthiopienne afin d'empêcher la mise en œuvre des politiques coloniales. (fr)
- A Etiópia foi ocupada pela Itália em 1936 e se tornou parte de uma colônia italiana, a África Oriental Italiana, com seu antigo território sendo fundido ao de colônias anteriores e dividido em seis governatoratos. A Etiópia Italiana foi proclamada em 1936 durante a Segunda Guerra Ítalo-Etíope, na qual Vítor Emanuel III se declarou Imperador da Etiópia. A ocupação durou até o fim de 1941 quando a colônia foi liberada do controle italiano por uma combinação de etíopes, forças britânicas e da Commonwealth, da França Livre e ; A resistência italiana teve fim com a , embora alguns italianos tenham continuado combatendo em guerrilhas. (pt)
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- https://global.dbpedia.org/id/35v36
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- dbr:Fascist-occupied_Ethiopia
- dbr:Fascist_Italian-occupied_Ethiopia