John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee (original) (raw)
John Graham, 1. Viscount of Dundee, bekannt als Bonnie Dundee (* 1648; † 27. Juli 1689) war ein schottischer Adliger des 17. Jahrhunderts, der seinen Ruhm in Schottland dem Sieg in der im Schottischen Aufstand von 1689 verdankt.
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| dbo:abstract | John Graham de Claverhouse, primer vizconde de Dundee (h.1648 - 27 de julio, de 1689) fue un soldado y noble escocés. Nacido de una noble familia escocesa, estudió en la Universidad de Saint Andrews, donde se licenció en 1661. Heredó de su padre a los 18-19 años. A Claverhouse se le recuerda por la historia en dos versiones distintas. Registros desfavorables sobre su supuesta persecución de los Covenanters, cuando era responsable del control del suroeste de Escocia durante y después de los problemas religiosos y rebelión de los años 1670 y 1680, llevaron a los historiadores presbiterianos a llamarlo "Bluidy Clavers". Había comenzado su carrera militar en 1672, en el regimiento escocés de Sir William Lockhart. este regimiento estuvo bajo el mando del Duque de Monmouth, al servicio del rey francés, Luis XIV. Intervino en la batalla de Seneffe (1674), rescatando al joven príncipe. Dos años después, tras el fallido sitio de Maastricht, regresó a Escocia. Fue entonces cuando lo nombró capitán el rey Carlos II quien lo envió a Escocia en 1678, con órdenes para suprimir las reuniones presbiterianas en las Tierras Bajas, que al rey resultaban sediciosas. Es entonces cuando se forjó su fama como represor de los covenanters. Sorprendentemente, se casó con Lady Jean Cochrane, hija de una familia covenant en 1674. Poco después de la muerte de Carlos II en 1685, Graham cayó temporalmente en desgracia. En 1686 fue promovido al rango de comandante general y añadió la dignidad de preboste de Dundee. En 1688 fue el segundo en el mando, después del general Douglas en el ejército que se había enviado a Inglaterra en socorro de la dinastía Estuardo. En 1688, Jacobo II le nombró Vizconde de Dundee mientras estaba con el ejército escocés en Inglaterra. Más tarde, como un general del ejército escocés, Claverhouse permaneció fiel al rey Jacobo II después de la llamada Revolución gloriosa de 1688. El guio a los clanes de las Tierras Altas y, aunque perdió su vida en la batalla, los condujo a la victoria en la batalla de Killiecrankie. El primer alzamiento jacobita no tuvo éxito, pero Claverhouse se convirtió en un héroe jacobita, adquiriendo su segundo sobrenombre, "Bonnie Dundee". El uso de "Bonnie Dundee" como un epíteto data de la canción Bonnie Dundee de Sir Walter Scott, pues la balada antigua original se refería a la ciudad de Dundee. (es) John Graham, 1. Viscount of Dundee, bekannt als Bonnie Dundee (* 1648; † 27. Juli 1689) war ein schottischer Adliger des 17. Jahrhunderts, der seinen Ruhm in Schottland dem Sieg in der im Schottischen Aufstand von 1689 verdankt. (de) John Graham, 7th of Claverhouse, 1st Viscount Dundee (21 July 1648 – 27 July 1689) was a Scottish soldier and nobleman, a Tory and an Episcopalian. He was responsible for policing southwest Scotland during and after the religious unrest and rebellion of the late 17th century, and went on to lead the Jacobite rising of 1689. After his death, Presbyterian historians dubbed him "Bluidy Clavers". Contemporary evidence for the fairness of this soubriquet in the Covenanting tradition is mixed. Tales of the Covenanters and Covenanter monuments hold Claverhouse directly responsible for the deaths of adherents of that movement. However, Claverhouse's own letters frequently recommended lenient treatment of Covenanters, and in 1684 he married into a prominent Covenanter family. Later, as a general in the Scottish army, Claverhouse remained loyal to King James VII of Scotland after the Revolution of 1688. He rallied those Highland clans loyal to the Jacobite cause and, although he lost his life in the battle, led them to victory at Killiecrankie. This first Jacobite rising was unsuccessful, but Claverhouse became a Jacobite hero, acquiring his second soubriquet "Bonnie Dundee". (en) John Graham de Claverhouse (1648 ? – 27 juillet 1689), 1er vicomte Dundee, est un aristocrate écossais et un officier d'armée jacobite. Tory et membre de l'Église épiscopalienne écossaise, son personnage historique est à double face. Son implication dans les persécutions des Covenantaires, à une époque où il était responsable du maintien de l'ordre au sud-ouest de l'Écosse, après les rébellions des années 1670 et 1680, lui a valu le surnom de Bluidy Clavers (« Clavers le sanglant ») de la part des historiens presbytériens. D'autre part, la loyauté de Claverhouse au roi Jacques VII d'Écosse après la Glorieuse Révolution de 1688, et son rôle de général dans l'armée écossaise, qu'il a menée à la victoire lors de la bataille de Killiecrankie, où il fut tué, lui a valu de titre de héros de la cause jacobite. Si cette première rébellion jacobite a été un échec, Claverhouse n'en a pas moins été une figure marquante, et en a tiré son second surnom de Bonnie Dundee. (fr) John Graham, I visconte Dundee (Glamis, 21 luglio 1648 – , 27 luglio 1689), è stato un militare, politico e nobile scozzese.John Graham era noto col titolo di 7° proprietario di Claverhouse sino all'elevazione alla vicecontea nel 1688, e fu un politico appartenente al partito Tory. Claverhouse fu responsabile del sud-est della Scozia durante le ribellioni degli anni '70 e '80 del Seicento. Dopo la sua morte, gli storici presbiteriani lo definirono col soprannome di "Bluidy Clavers". Come generale dell'esercito scozzese, Claverhouse rimase fedele a re Giacomo VII di Scozia anche dopo la Gloriosa Rivoluzione del 1688. Egli radunò tutti i clan delle Highland leali alla causa giacobita e, pur perdendo la vita in battaglia, li portò alla vittoria a . Sebbene la prima rivolta giacobita fu un insuccesso, Claverhouse divenne comunque un eroe del giacobitismo, acquisendo il soprannome di "", celebrato anche dallo scrittore Walter Scott nell'Ottocento in una sua poesia. (it) 初代ダンディー子爵ジョン・グラハム・オブ・クレーヴァーハウス（John Graham of Claverhouse, 1st Viscount Dundee, 1648年7月21日 - 1689年7月27日）は、スコットランドの貴族・軍人。ステュアート朝に仕えジャコバイトに与して名誉革命政権に反乱を起こし、死後は麗しのダンディー（ボニー・ダンディー、Bonnie Dundee）と称された。流血のクレーヴァーズ（Bluidy Clavers）とも呼ばれる。 (ja) John Graham of Claverhouse, senare viscount Dundee, född 1648, död 27 juli 1689, var en skotsk militär. Graham kämpade under Vilhelm III av Oranien mot fransmännen, och utmärkte sig därefter vid kuvandet av de presbyterianska oroligheterna i Skottland under Karl II och blev 1686 generalmajor. 1688 sökte Graham förgäves upprätthålla Jakob IIs välde i England men ville sedan med högländernas hjälp rädda åtminstone Skottland åt honom. I segrade visserligen Graham men blev själv dödligt sårad. Graham blev senare en skotsk nationalhjälte och bland annat förhärligats av Walter Scott. (sv) |
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| rdfs:comment | John Graham, 1. Viscount of Dundee, bekannt als Bonnie Dundee (* 1648; † 27. Juli 1689) war ein schottischer Adliger des 17. Jahrhunderts, der seinen Ruhm in Schottland dem Sieg in der im Schottischen Aufstand von 1689 verdankt. (de) 初代ダンディー子爵ジョン・グラハム・オブ・クレーヴァーハウス（John Graham of Claverhouse, 1st Viscount Dundee, 1648年7月21日 - 1689年7月27日）は、スコットランドの貴族・軍人。ステュアート朝に仕えジャコバイトに与して名誉革命政権に反乱を起こし、死後は麗しのダンディー（ボニー・ダンディー、Bonnie Dundee）と称された。流血のクレーヴァーズ（Bluidy Clavers）とも呼ばれる。 (ja) John Graham of Claverhouse, senare viscount Dundee, född 1648, död 27 juli 1689, var en skotsk militär. Graham kämpade under Vilhelm III av Oranien mot fransmännen, och utmärkte sig därefter vid kuvandet av de presbyterianska oroligheterna i Skottland under Karl II och blev 1686 generalmajor. 1688 sökte Graham förgäves upprätthålla Jakob IIs välde i England men ville sedan med högländernas hjälp rädda åtminstone Skottland åt honom. I segrade visserligen Graham men blev själv dödligt sårad. Graham blev senare en skotsk nationalhjälte och bland annat förhärligats av Walter Scott. (sv) John Graham, 7th of Claverhouse, 1st Viscount Dundee (21 July 1648 – 27 July 1689) was a Scottish soldier and nobleman, a Tory and an Episcopalian. He was responsible for policing southwest Scotland during and after the religious unrest and rebellion of the late 17th century, and went on to lead the Jacobite rising of 1689. (en) John Graham de Claverhouse, primer vizconde de Dundee (h.1648 - 27 de julio, de 1689) fue un soldado y noble escocés. Nacido de una noble familia escocesa, estudió en la Universidad de Saint Andrews, donde se licenció en 1661. Heredó de su padre a los 18-19 años. A Claverhouse se le recuerda por la historia en dos versiones distintas. Registros desfavorables sobre su supuesta persecución de los Covenanters, cuando era responsable del control del suroeste de Escocia durante y después de los problemas religiosos y rebelión de los años 1670 y 1680, llevaron a los historiadores presbiterianos a llamarlo "Bluidy Clavers". (es) John Graham de Claverhouse (1648 ? – 27 juillet 1689), 1er vicomte Dundee, est un aristocrate écossais et un officier d'armée jacobite. Tory et membre de l'Église épiscopalienne écossaise, son personnage historique est à double face. Son implication dans les persécutions des Covenantaires, à une époque où il était responsable du maintien de l'ordre au sud-ouest de l'Écosse, après les rébellions des années 1670 et 1680, lui a valu le surnom de Bluidy Clavers (« Clavers le sanglant ») de la part des historiens presbytériens. D'autre part, la loyauté de Claverhouse au roi Jacques VII d'Écosse après la Glorieuse Révolution de 1688, et son rôle de général dans l'armée écossaise, qu'il a menée à la victoire lors de la bataille de Killiecrankie, où il fut tué, lui a valu de titre de héros de la c (fr) John Graham, I visconte Dundee (Glamis, 21 luglio 1648 – , 27 luglio 1689), è stato un militare, politico e nobile scozzese.John Graham era noto col titolo di 7° proprietario di Claverhouse sino all'elevazione alla vicecontea nel 1688, e fu un politico appartenente al partito Tory. Claverhouse fu responsabile del sud-est della Scozia durante le ribellioni degli anni '70 e '80 del Seicento. Dopo la sua morte, gli storici presbiteriani lo definirono col soprannome di "Bluidy Clavers". (it) |
| rdfs:label | John Graham, 1. Viscount of Dundee (de) John Graham, I vizconde de Dundee (es) John Graham (1er vicomte de Dundee) (fr) John Graham, I visconte Dundee (it) John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee (en) ジョン・グラハム (初代ダンディー子爵) (ja) John Graham, 1:e viscount Dundee (sv) |
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