| dbo:abstract |
Les províncies (en xinès 省, shěng) són la més alta divisió administrativa de la República Popular de la Xina. Existeixen trenta-tres divisions d'aquest tipus, repartides en vint-i-dos províncies, quatre municipalitats, cinc regions autònomes i dues regions administratives especials. A més, la República Popular de la Xina (RPC) reclama la sobirania dels territoris administrats per la República de la Xina (RC) com a part de la província de Taiwan. La RC administra també algunes illes que formen part de la província de Fujian. Cada província té un comitè provincial del Partit Comunista Xinès, dirigit per un secretari. El secretari del comitè és responsable de la província. (ca) الأقسام الإدارية على مستوى المقاطعات (الصينية: 省级 行政区 ؛ بينيين: Shěngjí Xíngzhèngqū) هي أعلى التقسيمات الإدارية في الصين. هناك 34 قسمًا من هذا القبيل تطالب به جمهورية الصين الشعبية، مصنفة على أنها 23 مقاطعة (الصينية: 省 ؛ بينيين: شونج)، وخمس مناطق ذاتية الحكم، وأربع بلديات، ومنطقتان إداريتان خاصتان. لا يزال الوضع السياسي لمقاطعة تايوان مع جزء صغير من مقاطعة فوجيان [α] محل نزاع؛ تلك تخضع لحكم منفصل من قبل جمهورية الصين، والتي يشار إليها عادة باسم «تايوان». يوجد في كل مقاطعة في البر الرئيسي للصين (بما في ذلك مقاطعة جزيرة هاينان) لجنة إقليمية للحزب الشيوعي الصيني (بالصينية: 省委 ؛ بينيين: shěngwěi)، يرأسها سكرتير (صيني: 书记 ؛ بينيين: شوجو). أمين اللجنة مسؤول فعليًا عن الإقليم، وليس حاكم حكومة الإقليم. نفس الترتيب موجود في مناطق الحكم الذاتي والبلديات. (ar) Provincie v Čínské lidové republice je jeden z celků první (neboli provinční) úrovně. Provincií je formálně 23, fakticky však pouze 22, jelikož Tchaj-wan je pod kontrolou Čínské republiky. Provincie se člení na celky druhé (prefekturní) úrovně, městské prefektury, prefektury, autonomní kraje; výjimečně obsahují též celky postavené výše než prefektury – subprovinční města, a . V čele provincie stojí provinční vláda vedená guvernérem. Fakticky je zodpovědná provinčnímu výboru Komunistické strany Číny v čele s prvním tajemníkem. (cs) Οι Επαρχίες (Κινεζικά: 省, πινγίν: Shěng), επίσημα επαρχιακού επιπέδου διοικητικές διαιρέσεις (Κινεζικά : 省级行政区; πινγίν: Shěng Jí Xíngzhèngqū) είναι οι υψηλότερου επιπέδου κινεζικές διοικητικές διαιρέσεις. Υπάρχουν 34 τέτοιες διαιρέσεις, ταξινομημένες ως 23 επαρχίες (συμπεριλαμβανομένης της Επαρχίας Ταϊβάν, που θεωρείται επαρχία της Λαϊκής Δημοκρατία της Κίνας και διαίρεση της Δημοκρατίας της Κίνας αλλά υπό εντελώς διαφορετικό ορισμό), 4 δήμους, 5 αυτόνομες περιφέρειες και 2 Ειδικές Διοικητικές Περιφέρειες. (el) Provinc-nivelaj administraciaj dividoj (en ĉina: 省级行政区; en pinjino: shěng-jí xíngzhèngqū) aŭ unua-nivelaj administraciaj dividoj (一级行政区; yī-jí xíngzhèngqū), estas la plej alt-nivelaj administraciaj dividoj de Ĉinio. Estas 34 tiaj dividoj fare de la Ĉina Popola Respubliko, klasitaj kiel 23 provincoj (en ĉina: 省; en pinjino: shěng), kvar municipoj, kvin aŭtonomaj regionoj, kaj du Specialaj Administraciaj Regionoj. La politika statuso de la Tajvana Provinco kaj de malgranda frakcio de Fuĝjano (administraciita de la Respubliko Ĉinio) estas disputata. (eo) Las divisiones administrativas de nivel provincial (en chino simplificado, 省级行政区) o de primer nivel (en chino simplificado, 级行政区) son la principal subdivisión administrativa del territorio de China. De forma oficial, el gobierno de la República Popular China reconoce 34 divisiones a este nivel, aunque solo 23 de ellas tienen el título de provincias (en chino, 省; pinyin, shěng) siendo el resto 5 regiones autónomas, 4 municipalidades y 2 regiones administrativas especiales. No obstante, a efectos prácticos cabe sustraer a este número la llamada Provincia de Taiwán que funciona como si fuera un país independiente denominado oficialmente República de China y comúnmente «Taiwán»; véase estatus político de Taiwán. Por lo tanto, sin contar Taiwán ni las Regiones Especiales de Hong Kong y Macao, China cuenta con 31 divisiones provinciales de jurisdicción directa (la llamada China continental). Las provincias dependen teóricamente del gobierno central, aunque en la práctica los políticos provinciales tienen bastante potestad respecto a la política económica. Comparado con otros países, como Estados Unidos, el poder del gobierno central no era (excepto las fuerzas armadas) ejercido a través de un conjunto de instituciones paralelas hasta los años 1990. Algunos economistas consideran que el poder real de las provincias forma un federalismo al estilo chino. Durante el gobierno de la República de China llegó a haber hasta 35 provincias con la conversión de los espacios étnicos autónomos en provincias integradas plenamente en el gobierno nacional. La mayoría de unas provincias de China, excepto las del Noreste, tienen límites establecidos durante las dinastías Yuan, Ming o Qing. A menudo los bordes provinciales difieren sustancialmente de los bordes de las áreas culturales o geográficas, debido a la técnica descrita como "separación de dientes de perro" (en chino, 犬牙交错; pinyin, quǎnyájiāocuò) desarrollada por el gobierno imperial para evitar el feudalismo y separatismo de acuerdo a la idea de divide y vencerás. Aun así han llegado a jugar un importante papel cultural, la gente tiende a identificarse ligeramente con la suya de nacimiento y cada una ha desarrollado un estereotipo correspondiente a sus habitantes. Los cambios administrativos más recientes han sido la elevación de Hainan (1988) y Chongqing (1997) al nivel provincial (como provincia y como municipalidad, respectivamente), así como la incorporación a este nivel de Hong Kong (1997) y Macao (1999), como Regiones Administrativas Especiales. (es) Txinako probintziak edo sheng (txineraz: 省; pinyineraz: shěng), maila altueneko banaketa administratiboa da. Udal-probintziekin, eskualde autonomoekin eta administraturiko lurralde bereziekin batera, probintziak gorengo mailan daude. (eu) Les provinces de Chine (chinois : 省 ; pinyin : shěng) sont la plus haute division administrative en république populaire de Chine. Il existe trente-quatre divisions de cette sorte, réparties en vingt-trois provinces (contesté, voir ci-dessous), quatre municipalités, cinq régions autonomes et deux régions administratives spéciales. De plus, la république populaire de Chine (RPC) réclame la souveraineté des territoires administrés par la république de Chine (RC) comme faisant partie de leur propre province de Taïwan. La RC administre également certaines îles qui font partie de la province du Fujian. Celles-ci font partie de la province autrefois unifiée du Fujian, qui depuis la guerre civile chinoise en 1949 a été divisée entre la RPC et la RC. Chaque province possède un comité provincial du Parti communiste chinois, dirigé par un secrétaire. Le secrétaire du comité est responsable de la province, plutôt que le gouverneur du gouvernement provincial. (fr) The provincial level administrative divisions (Chinese: 省级行政区; pinyin: Shěngjí Xíngzhèngqū) are the highest-level administrative divisions of China. There are 34 such divisions claimed by the People's Republic of China, classified as 23 provinces (Chinese: 省; pinyin: shěng), five autonomous regions, four municipalities and two special administrative regions. The political status of Taiwan Province along with a small fraction of Fujian Province remain in dispute; those are under separate rule by the Republic of China, which is usually referred to as "Taiwan". Every province on Mainland China (including the island province of Hainan) has a Chinese Communist Party (CCP) provincial committee (Chinese: 省委; pinyin: shěngwěi), headed by a secretary (Chinese: 书记; pinyin: shūjì). The Committee Secretary is effectively in charge of the province, rather than the governor of the provincial government. The same arrangement exists for the autonomous regions and municipalities. (en) Divisi administratif tingkat provinsi (Hanzi sederhana: 省级行政区; Hanzi tradisional: 省級行政區; Pinyin: Shěng-jí xíngzhèngqū) atau divisi administratif tingkat pertama (Hanzi sederhana: 一级行政区; Hanzi tradisional: 一級行政區; Pinyin: yī-jí xíngzhèngqū), adalah divisi administratif tingkat tertinggi di Tiongkok. Republik Rakyat Tiongkok mengklaim 34 divisi administratif yang terdiri dari: 23 Provinsi (省, shěng), 4 Munisipalitas atau Kota madya, 5 Daerah otonom dan 2 Daerah Administratif Khusus. Setiap provinsi Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (termasuk provinsi Pulau Hainan) memiliki komite provinsi Partai Komunis Tiongkok (Hanzi: 省委; Pinyin: shěngwěi), yang dipimpin oleh seorang Sekretaris (Hanzi sederhana: 书记; Hanzi tradisional: 書記; Pinyin: shūjì). Sekretaris Komite Provinsi ini yang secara efektif bertanggung jawab atas provinsi, bukan gubernur provinsi. Berikut adalah daftar 34 divisi administratif tingkat pertama yang diklaim oleh pemerintah Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (in) In Cina una provincia (traduzione della parola 省S, shěngP) è formalmente una suddivisione di livello provinciale che indica un livello di articolazione amministrativa che consta di vari tipi di unità. Più precisamente, le province, le municipalità, le regioni autonome e le regioni amministrative speciali costituiscono i quattro tipi di suddivisioni amministrative di primo livello della Repubblica Popolare Cinese (RPC o semplicemente "Cina" per brevità). La RPC rivendica Taiwan (Repubblica di Cina) come una delle sue province di primo livello, anche se Taiwan è in effetti uno Stato indipendente che non ha mai riconosciuto tale rivendicazione. Una "provincia di primo livello" è definita come una provincia che fu amministrata dalla Repubblica di Cina tra il 1912 e il 1949, ma che non è oggi amministrata dalla Repubblica Popolare Cinese. Quest'ultima amministra attualmente un totale di 33 divisioni provinciali (22 province, quattro municipalità, cinque regioni autonome e due regioni amministrative speciali). La RPC si dichiara inoltre come l'unica rappresentante legittima di tutta la Cina, ma non amministra Taiwan come 23ª provincia. A sua volta la Repubblica di Cina (RDC) amministra Taiwan, nonché alcune isole al largo incluse Kinmen e Matsu, che formano la provincia del Fujian di Taiwan, che era parte di una provincia del Fujian originalmente unificata, ma che dal 1949 si divise tra la RPC e la RDC dopo la Guerra civile cinese. Nella Repubblica Popolare Cinese, ogni provincia (ad eccezione delle due regioni amministrative speciali) ha un comitato provinciale del Partito Comunista Cinese, guidato da un segretario, che è il responsabile della provincia stessa. (it) Провинции (кит. упр. 省, пиньинь shěng) в КНР — административно-территориальные единицы верхнего уровня наряду с автономными районами и городами центрального подчинения. Официально единицами уровня провинций считаются также специальные административные районы Гонконг и Макао, хотя они и располагают значительно большей автономией. В настоящее время в состав КНР входят 33 территориальных образования верхнего уровня, включая 22 провинции. Официально 23-й провинцией продолжает считаться Тайвань. (ru) I Folkrepubliken Kina utgör provinserna den översta administrativa indelningen. Idag finns det 34 enheter på denna nivå. Av dessa är 23 egentliga provinser, 4 storstadsområden, 5 autonoma regioner och 2 speciella administrativa regioner. Bland de 23 provinserna ingår Taiwan, som folkrepubliken gör anspråk på men inte kontrollerar. (sv) As províncias da República Popular da China (formalmente chamadas de Divisões administrativas de nível provincial) são o nível mais alto da administração do país, existem 34 subdivisões no país, sendo 23 províncias, incluindo a Província de Taiwan, que é um território contestado, 4 municipalidades, 5 regiões autônomas e 2 regiões administrativas especiais. (pt) Провінція (кит.: 省; піньїнь: Shěng) — адміністративна одиниця першого провінційного рівня в Китайській Народній Республіці. Має широкі права, що нагадують права суб'єкта федерації й зумовлює феномен «китайського федералізму». Існують переважно з 17 сторіччя. Деякі кордони провінцій існують з часів династії Юань (XIII—XIV сторіччя). Значні зміни торкнулися тільки кордонів провінцій у північному й східному Китаю, під час утворення автономних національних областей за радянськими стандартами. Нині люди ідентифікують себе культурно з рідною провінцією, хоча їхні кордони не відповідають межам етнічних і культурних областей Китаю і були проведені у давнину для уникнення провінційного відокремлення. Усього існує утворень 33 провінційного рівня, що поділяються на 333 утворень префектного (обласного) рівня, які, своєю чергою, поділяються на 2862 утворень повітового рівня, що, своєю чергою, поділяються на 41636 утворень районного рівня і декілька регіонів з сільським поділом. У КНР існує: * 22 провінції (шен), * 5 автономні області (кит. 自治区; цзичжіцюй), * 4 муніципалітети (кит. 直辖市; чжісяші; Пекін, Тяньцзінь, Шанхай, Чунцін), * 2 особливі адміністративні одиниці (кит. 特别行政区; тебє сінчженцюй; Гонконг (з 1997 року) і Макао (з 1999 року). КНР з часу свого утворення у 1949 році вважає Тайвань своєю 23-ю провінцією, хоча Тайвань ніколи не належав до КНР до цього дня. Клацніть на мапі, щоб перейти до провінції. Тут до деталей мапи. (uk) 省级行政区是中华人民共和国最高級別的行政区划单位。截至現在，中华人民共和国的省级行政区包括23个省、4个直辖市、5个自治区和2个特别行政区。 (zh) |
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province (en) |
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省 (en) 府 (en) 省级行政区 (en) |
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dbr:Unitary_state |
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PRC: 33-34* ROC: 22-70* (en) |
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Provincie v Čínské lidové republice je jeden z celků první (neboli provinční) úrovně. Provincií je formálně 23, fakticky však pouze 22, jelikož Tchaj-wan je pod kontrolou Čínské republiky. Provincie se člení na celky druhé (prefekturní) úrovně, městské prefektury, prefektury, autonomní kraje; výjimečně obsahují též celky postavené výše než prefektury – subprovinční města, a . V čele provincie stojí provinční vláda vedená guvernérem. Fakticky je zodpovědná provinčnímu výboru Komunistické strany Číny v čele s prvním tajemníkem. (cs) Οι Επαρχίες (Κινεζικά: 省, πινγίν: Shěng), επίσημα επαρχιακού επιπέδου διοικητικές διαιρέσεις (Κινεζικά : 省级行政区; πινγίν: Shěng Jí Xíngzhèngqū) είναι οι υψηλότερου επιπέδου κινεζικές διοικητικές διαιρέσεις. Υπάρχουν 34 τέτοιες διαιρέσεις, ταξινομημένες ως 23 επαρχίες (συμπεριλαμβανομένης της Επαρχίας Ταϊβάν, που θεωρείται επαρχία της Λαϊκής Δημοκρατία της Κίνας και διαίρεση της Δημοκρατίας της Κίνας αλλά υπό εντελώς διαφορετικό ορισμό), 4 δήμους, 5 αυτόνομες περιφέρειες και 2 Ειδικές Διοικητικές Περιφέρειες. (el) Provinc-nivelaj administraciaj dividoj (en ĉina: 省级行政区; en pinjino: shěng-jí xíngzhèngqū) aŭ unua-nivelaj administraciaj dividoj (一级行政区; yī-jí xíngzhèngqū), estas la plej alt-nivelaj administraciaj dividoj de Ĉinio. Estas 34 tiaj dividoj fare de la Ĉina Popola Respubliko, klasitaj kiel 23 provincoj (en ĉina: 省; en pinjino: shěng), kvar municipoj, kvin aŭtonomaj regionoj, kaj du Specialaj Administraciaj Regionoj. La politika statuso de la Tajvana Provinco kaj de malgranda frakcio de Fuĝjano (administraciita de la Respubliko Ĉinio) estas disputata. (eo) Txinako probintziak edo sheng (txineraz: 省; pinyineraz: shěng), maila altueneko banaketa administratiboa da. Udal-probintziekin, eskualde autonomoekin eta administraturiko lurralde bereziekin batera, probintziak gorengo mailan daude. (eu) Провинции (кит. упр. 省, пиньинь shěng) в КНР — административно-территориальные единицы верхнего уровня наряду с автономными районами и городами центрального подчинения. Официально единицами уровня провинций считаются также специальные административные районы Гонконг и Макао, хотя они и располагают значительно большей автономией. В настоящее время в состав КНР входят 33 территориальных образования верхнего уровня, включая 22 провинции. Официально 23-й провинцией продолжает считаться Тайвань. (ru) I Folkrepubliken Kina utgör provinserna den översta administrativa indelningen. Idag finns det 34 enheter på denna nivå. Av dessa är 23 egentliga provinser, 4 storstadsområden, 5 autonoma regioner och 2 speciella administrativa regioner. Bland de 23 provinserna ingår Taiwan, som folkrepubliken gör anspråk på men inte kontrollerar. (sv) As províncias da República Popular da China (formalmente chamadas de Divisões administrativas de nível provincial) são o nível mais alto da administração do país, existem 34 subdivisões no país, sendo 23 províncias, incluindo a Província de Taiwan, que é um território contestado, 4 municipalidades, 5 regiões autônomas e 2 regiões administrativas especiais. (pt) 省级行政区是中华人民共和国最高級別的行政区划单位。截至現在，中华人民共和国的省级行政区包括23个省、4个直辖市、5个自治区和2个特别行政区。 (zh) الأقسام الإدارية على مستوى المقاطعات (الصينية: 省级 行政区 ؛ بينيين: Shěngjí Xíngzhèngqū) هي أعلى التقسيمات الإدارية في الصين. هناك 34 قسمًا من هذا القبيل تطالب به جمهورية الصين الشعبية، مصنفة على أنها 23 مقاطعة (الصينية: 省 ؛ بينيين: شونج)، وخمس مناطق ذاتية الحكم، وأربع بلديات، ومنطقتان إداريتان خاصتان. لا يزال الوضع السياسي لمقاطعة تايوان مع جزء صغير من مقاطعة فوجيان [α] محل نزاع؛ تلك تخضع لحكم منفصل من قبل جمهورية الصين، والتي يشار إليها عادة باسم «تايوان». (ar) Les províncies (en xinès 省, shěng) són la més alta divisió administrativa de la República Popular de la Xina. Existeixen trenta-tres divisions d'aquest tipus, repartides en vint-i-dos províncies, quatre municipalitats, cinc regions autònomes i dues regions administratives especials. A més, la República Popular de la Xina (RPC) reclama la sobirania dels territoris administrats per la República de la Xina (RC) com a part de la província de Taiwan. La RC administra també algunes illes que formen part de la província de Fujian. (ca) Las divisiones administrativas de nivel provincial (en chino simplificado, 省级行政区) o de primer nivel (en chino simplificado, 级行政区) son la principal subdivisión administrativa del territorio de China. De forma oficial, el gobierno de la República Popular China reconoce 34 divisiones a este nivel, aunque solo 23 de ellas tienen el título de provincias (en chino, 省; pinyin, shěng) siendo el resto 5 regiones autónomas, 4 municipalidades y 2 regiones administrativas especiales. No obstante, a efectos prácticos cabe sustraer a este número la llamada Provincia de Taiwán que funciona como si fuera un país independiente denominado oficialmente República de China y comúnmente «Taiwán»; véase estatus político de Taiwán. Por lo tanto, sin contar Taiwán ni las Regiones Especiales de Hong Kong y Macao, (es) The provincial level administrative divisions (Chinese: 省级行政区; pinyin: Shěngjí Xíngzhèngqū) are the highest-level administrative divisions of China. There are 34 such divisions claimed by the People's Republic of China, classified as 23 provinces (Chinese: 省; pinyin: shěng), five autonomous regions, four municipalities and two special administrative regions. The political status of Taiwan Province along with a small fraction of Fujian Province remain in dispute; those are under separate rule by the Republic of China, which is usually referred to as "Taiwan". (en) Divisi administratif tingkat provinsi (Hanzi sederhana: 省级行政区; Hanzi tradisional: 省級行政區; Pinyin: Shěng-jí xíngzhèngqū) atau divisi administratif tingkat pertama (Hanzi sederhana: 一级行政区; Hanzi tradisional: 一級行政區; Pinyin: yī-jí xíngzhèngqū), adalah divisi administratif tingkat tertinggi di Tiongkok. Republik Rakyat Tiongkok mengklaim 34 divisi administratif yang terdiri dari: 23 Provinsi (省, shěng), 4 Munisipalitas atau Kota madya, 5 Daerah otonom dan 2 Daerah Administratif Khusus. Berikut adalah daftar 34 divisi administratif tingkat pertama yang diklaim oleh pemerintah Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (in) Les provinces de Chine (chinois : 省 ; pinyin : shěng) sont la plus haute division administrative en république populaire de Chine. Il existe trente-quatre divisions de cette sorte, réparties en vingt-trois provinces (contesté, voir ci-dessous), quatre municipalités, cinq régions autonomes et deux régions administratives spéciales. Chaque province possède un comité provincial du Parti communiste chinois, dirigé par un secrétaire. Le secrétaire du comité est responsable de la province, plutôt que le gouverneur du gouvernement provincial. (fr) In Cina una provincia (traduzione della parola 省S, shěngP) è formalmente una suddivisione di livello provinciale che indica un livello di articolazione amministrativa che consta di vari tipi di unità. Più precisamente, le province, le municipalità, le regioni autonome e le regioni amministrative speciali costituiscono i quattro tipi di suddivisioni amministrative di primo livello della Repubblica Popolare Cinese (RPC o semplicemente "Cina" per brevità). La RPC rivendica Taiwan (Repubblica di Cina) come una delle sue province di primo livello, anche se Taiwan è in effetti uno Stato indipendente che non ha mai riconosciuto tale rivendicazione. Una "provincia di primo livello" è definita come una provincia che fu amministrata dalla Repubblica di Cina tra il 1912 e il 1949, ma che non è oggi a (it) Провінція (кит.: 省; піньїнь: Shěng) — адміністративна одиниця першого провінційного рівня в Китайській Народній Республіці. Має широкі права, що нагадують права суб'єкта федерації й зумовлює феномен «китайського федералізму». Існують переважно з 17 сторіччя. Деякі кордони провінцій існують з часів династії Юань (XIII—XIV сторіччя). У КНР існує: КНР з часу свого утворення у 1949 році вважає Тайвань своєю 23-ю провінцією, хоча Тайвань ніколи не належав до КНР до цього дня. Клацніть на мапі, щоб перейти до провінції. Тут до деталей мапи. (uk) |
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Provinces of China (en) مقاطعات الصين (ar) Províncies de la Xina (ca) Provincie v Číně (cs) Επαρχίες της Κίνας (el) Provincoj de Ĉinio (eo) Provincias de China (es) Txinako probintziak (eu) Provinsi di Tiongkok (in) Provinces de Chine (fr) Province della Cina (it) Províncias da China (pt) Провинция (КНР) (ru) Kinas provinser (sv) 省级行政区 (zh) Провінції КНР (uk) |
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