Melungeon (original) (raw)
Melungeons (/məˈlʌndʒənz/ mə-LUN-jənz) are an ethnicity from the Southeastern United States who descend from Europeans, Native American, and sub-Saharan Africans brought to America as indentured servants and later as slaves. Historically, the Melungeons were associated with settlements in the Cumberland Gap area of central Appalachia, which includes portions of East Tennessee, Southwest Virginia, and eastern Kentucky.Tri-racial describes populations who claim to be of mixed European, African and Native American ancestry. Although there is no consensus on how many such groups exist, estimates range as high as 200,000.
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| dbo:abstract | Die Melungeons sind verschiedene sogenannte tri-racial isolated (dt. isolierte tri-ethnische) Gruppen, die im Südosten der Vereinigten Staaten leben. Historisch sind sie insbesondere mit der Region um das Cumberland Gap in den Appalachen verbunden, dies schließt Gebiete Ost-Tennessees, dem südwestlichen Virginia und dem östlichen Kentucky ein. Die Melungeons stammen in der Regel von Europäern, Afroamerikanern und nordamerikanischen Indianern ab. Es ist unklar, wie viele dieser isolierten Gruppen existieren, manche Schätzungen gehen von bis zu 200 aus. Nachdem es häufig unklar war, welcher Ethnie die Menschen abstammten, wurden sie häufig auch als Mulatten, Mestizen oder Mustee bezeichnet. Diese Begriffe, ebenso wie das französisch inspirierte Melungeon, werden vom lateinischen Verb miscere, deutsch mischen abgeleitet. Die Entstehungstheorien der Melungeons haben sich über die Zeit gewandelt, tatsächlich könnte es sich nicht um die Geschichte eines Volkes, sondern um die individueller Familien handeln. (de) Melungeon es un término aplicado tradicionalmente a uno de varios grupos de "tri-raciales aislados", (el término tri-racial en Latinoamérica es llamado pardo aunque sus rasgos son algo diferentes) del sudeste de Estados Unidos, principalmente en el área del Desfiladero de Cumberland de los Apalaches centrales, que incluyen partes del este de Tennessee, suroeste de Virginia y el este de Kentucky. Tri-racial describe a las poblaciones que parecen ser mezcla de europeos, africanos subsaharianos y de ascendencia amerindia. Aunque no existe un consenso sobre cuántos de esos grupos existen, las estimaciones oscilan hasta 200. Las pruebas de ADN de los descendientes de melungeons han sido limitadas, pero el , que ha publicado sus resultados, hasta ahora muestra una abrumadora mezcla de europeos con haplotipos de África subsahariana de mujeres y hombres en varias familias que tradicionalmente se habían identificado como melungeon y habían sido considerados por los investigadores. (es) Melungeons (/məˈlʌndʒənz/ mə-LUN-jənz) are an ethnicity from the Southeastern United States who descend from Europeans, Native American, and sub-Saharan Africans brought to America as indentured servants and later as slaves. Historically, the Melungeons were associated with settlements in the Cumberland Gap area of central Appalachia, which includes portions of East Tennessee, Southwest Virginia, and eastern Kentucky.Tri-racial describes populations who claim to be of mixed European, African and Native American ancestry. Although there is no consensus on how many such groups exist, estimates range as high as 200,000. (en) Les Melungeons sont une ancienne communauté métissée vivant initialement dans l'est du Tennessee, la Virginie-Occidentale, l'est du Kentucky et la Caroline du Nord depuis au moins 200 ans et peut-être depuis plus longtemps. On estime la population à 4 millions, mais beaucoup de personnes d'ascendance melungeon sont susceptibles d'ignorer leurs origines, ou de les cacher en raison du racisme hérité de la ségrégation raciale. (fr) Melungeon è il nome dato ad una popolazione del sud-est degli Stati Uniti, situata tra Tennessee orientale, Kentucky, Virginia e Carolina del Nord. È una popolazione dalla pelle a volte scura, con lineamenti caucasoidi; alcuni individui presentano anche la plica mongolica agli occhi. Molto probabilmente discendono da colonizzatori spagnoli e portoghesi che si mescolarono a tribù di nativi, con un possibile contributo di schiavi mori e turchi. L'interesse per i Melungeon è aumentata intorno alla metà degli anni '90, grazie al libro di The Melungeons: The Resurrection of a Proud People, dove si fa riferimento anche all'Anatolia per l'origine di questa popolazione. I melungeon vengono citati anche nel romanzo Ceneri di Kathy Reichs (Rizzoli, 2003). , fondatore della Melungeon Heritage Association, è l'uomo che da anni si batte per il riconoscimento dell'identità dei Melungeon come etnia. (it) Melungos (em inglês: Melungeon) é um termo tradicionalmente aplicado a um dos vários grupos étnicos trirraciais - taxados, pelos estadunidenses, como "isolados"- do sudeste dos Estados Unidos. Nomeadamente há nas montanhas dos Apalaches muitos indivíduos que há mais de 300 anos se autointitulam "portugee", e muitos melungos acreditavam que eram descendentes de portugueses. Porém, estudos genéticos afastam a teoria de que os melungos sejam descendentes de portugueses. Evidências genéticas mostram que as famílias historicamente chamadas de melungas são descendentes de homens africanos subsaarianos e de mulheres brancas com origem no norte e no centro da Europa. É provável que esse povo seja resultado da união entre homens negros e mulheres brancas que trabalhavam como servos na Virgínia, em meados do século XVII, antes da escravidão ser instaurada. Estudiosos concluem que, quando foram criadas leis para penalizar a miscigenação, essas famílias só puderam casar entre si, migrando da Virgínia através das Carolinas, antes de estabelecerem-se principalmente nas montanhas do leste do Tennessee. Dizer que eram de "origem portuguesa" provavelmente foi uma maneira que os antepassados dos melungos encontraram para escapar da escravidão e para reter outros privilégios que acompanhavam o status de serem considerados "brancos". (pt) Меланджен (англ. Melungeon, məˈlʌndʒən) — термин, обозначающий в США потомков от смешанных браков представителей трёх рас — белой, негроидной и американоидной. В более узком смысле термин относится к потомкам от таких браков, проживающим на юго-востоке США, в основном в центральных Аппалачах — восток Теннеси, юго-запад Виргинии, восток Кентукки. (ru) |
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| dbo:religion | dbr:Baptist |
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| dbo:totalPopulation | 1950 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://dla.acaweb.org/cdm/search/searchterm/%20Melungeons/mode/exact http://historical-melungeons.blogspot.com/2008/04/looking-at-legends-lumbee-and-melungeon.html http://www.melungeon.org/ http://www.citizen-times.com/story/entertainment/2015/10/13/review-ashley-judd-big-stone-gap-hokey-harmless/73881002/ http://www.freeafricanamericans.com/ http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~appalachian/melungeons/THE_GRAYSVILLE_MELUNGEONS.txt http://muse.jhu.edu/login%3Fauth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/southern_cultures/v003/3.4.reed01.pdf https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11013-005-7423-2 https://web.archive.org/web/20130511180538/http:/cfprod.imt.uwm.edu/letsci/anthropology/faculty/upload/bioethics_brodwin-2.pdf https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php%3FstoryId=1007531 https://www.pbs.org/wnet/finding-your-roots/stories/race-ethnicity/a-mystery-people-the-melungeons/ |
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| dbp:caption | 1920.0 (dbd:second) |
| dbp:group | Melungeons (en) |
| dbp:langs | Appalachian English; other (en) |
| dbp:popplace | Originally in upper (en) |
| dbp:population | 1950.0 (dbd:second) |
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| gold:hypernym | dbr:Term |
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| rdfs:comment | Melungeons (/məˈlʌndʒənz/ mə-LUN-jənz) are an ethnicity from the Southeastern United States who descend from Europeans, Native American, and sub-Saharan Africans brought to America as indentured servants and later as slaves. Historically, the Melungeons were associated with settlements in the Cumberland Gap area of central Appalachia, which includes portions of East Tennessee, Southwest Virginia, and eastern Kentucky.Tri-racial describes populations who claim to be of mixed European, African and Native American ancestry. Although there is no consensus on how many such groups exist, estimates range as high as 200,000. (en) Les Melungeons sont une ancienne communauté métissée vivant initialement dans l'est du Tennessee, la Virginie-Occidentale, l'est du Kentucky et la Caroline du Nord depuis au moins 200 ans et peut-être depuis plus longtemps. On estime la population à 4 millions, mais beaucoup de personnes d'ascendance melungeon sont susceptibles d'ignorer leurs origines, ou de les cacher en raison du racisme hérité de la ségrégation raciale. (fr) Меланджен (англ. Melungeon, məˈlʌndʒən) — термин, обозначающий в США потомков от смешанных браков представителей трёх рас — белой, негроидной и американоидной. В более узком смысле термин относится к потомкам от таких браков, проживающим на юго-востоке США, в основном в центральных Аппалачах — восток Теннеси, юго-запад Виргинии, восток Кентукки. (ru) Melungeon es un término aplicado tradicionalmente a uno de varios grupos de "tri-raciales aislados", (el término tri-racial en Latinoamérica es llamado pardo aunque sus rasgos son algo diferentes) del sudeste de Estados Unidos, principalmente en el área del Desfiladero de Cumberland de los Apalaches centrales, que incluyen partes del este de Tennessee, suroeste de Virginia y el este de Kentucky. Tri-racial describe a las poblaciones que parecen ser mezcla de europeos, africanos subsaharianos y de ascendencia amerindia. Aunque no existe un consenso sobre cuántos de esos grupos existen, las estimaciones oscilan hasta 200. (es) Die Melungeons sind verschiedene sogenannte tri-racial isolated (dt. isolierte tri-ethnische) Gruppen, die im Südosten der Vereinigten Staaten leben. Historisch sind sie insbesondere mit der Region um das Cumberland Gap in den Appalachen verbunden, dies schließt Gebiete Ost-Tennessees, dem südwestlichen Virginia und dem östlichen Kentucky ein. Die Melungeons stammen in der Regel von Europäern, Afroamerikanern und nordamerikanischen Indianern ab. Es ist unklar, wie viele dieser isolierten Gruppen existieren, manche Schätzungen gehen von bis zu 200 aus. (de) Melungeon è il nome dato ad una popolazione del sud-est degli Stati Uniti, situata tra Tennessee orientale, Kentucky, Virginia e Carolina del Nord. È una popolazione dalla pelle a volte scura, con lineamenti caucasoidi; alcuni individui presentano anche la plica mongolica agli occhi. Molto probabilmente discendono da colonizzatori spagnoli e portoghesi che si mescolarono a tribù di nativi, con un possibile contributo di schiavi mori e turchi. I melungeon vengono citati anche nel romanzo Ceneri di Kathy Reichs (Rizzoli, 2003). (it) Melungos (em inglês: Melungeon) é um termo tradicionalmente aplicado a um dos vários grupos étnicos trirraciais - taxados, pelos estadunidenses, como "isolados"- do sudeste dos Estados Unidos. Nomeadamente há nas montanhas dos Apalaches muitos indivíduos que há mais de 300 anos se autointitulam "portugee", e muitos melungos acreditavam que eram descendentes de portugueses. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Melungeon (de) Melungeon (es) Melungeons (fr) Melungeon (it) Melungeon (en) Melungos (pt) Меланджен (ru) |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Melungeon yago-res:Melungeon wikidata:Melungeon dbpedia-az:Melungeon dbpedia-de:Melungeon dbpedia-es:Melungeon dbpedia-fr:Melungeon dbpedia-it:Melungeon dbpedia-pt:Melungeon dbpedia-ru:Melungeon dbpedia-tr:Melungeon https://global.dbpedia.org/id/2WJaD |
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| foaf:homepage | http://www.melungeon.org/ |
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| foaf:name | Melungeons (en) |
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