Moro conflict (original) (raw)
Moro konflikt je ozbrojený konflikt mezi muslimskými povstalci a centrální filipínskou vládou. Největšími povstaleckými skupinami jsou , , a skupina Abú Sajjáf. Počátky současného násilí konfliktu sahají do roku 1969, i když jeho kořeny lze vystopovat k proti nadvládě Spojených států v roce 1899. V roce 1969 byl konflikt znovu rozdmýchán vládní protipartyzánskou operací, při které zahynulo přes 60 muslimů. Celkově si konflikt vyžádal více než 160 000 oběti z řad povstalců, vojáků, policistů a civilistů.
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| dbo:abstract | صراع مورو، هو عبارة عن حركة تمرد نشطت في منطقة مينداناو في الفلبين بين الأعوام 1969 و2019. بحلول العام 1969 نشبت الاضطرابات السياسية والأعمال القتالية المفتوحة بين حكومة الفلبين وجماعات تحرير مورو المسلّحة نظرًا لعوامل التهميش التي نجمت عن سياسات إعادة التوطين المستمرة منذ بدايات ضمّ مينداناو وسولو إلى مناطق كومنولث الفلبين في العام 1935. كان من العوامل التي أشعلت فتيل حركات التمرد في مورو في نهاية المطاف هو وقوع مجزرة جابيدا التي شهدت مقتل 60 عنصرًا مِن الكوماندوز المسلمين ضمن عملية مخطّطة لاستعادة الجزء الشرقي من ولاية صباح. ردًّا على المجزرة، أسس البروفيسور في جامعة الفلبين نور ميسواري الجبهة الوطنية لتحرير مورو، وهي حركة تمرد مسلحة آلت على نفسها إقامة كيان مستقل يضمّ جزيرة مينداناو، وأرخبيل سولو، ومقاطعة بالاوان. عبر السنوات المتتابعة، انشقت الجبهة إلى عدة جماعات مختلفة، كان منها جبهة تحرير مورو الإسلامية التي سعت لتأسيس دولة إسلامية في الفلبين. تستند حركات التمرد في مورو إلى تراث طويل من مقاومة شعب البانجسامورو للغزو الأجنبي، تعود بتاريخها إلى الاحتلال الأمريكي للفلبين في العام 1898 رغم عدم كونها جزءًا من العمل الحربي لإسبانيا. ومنذ ذلك التاريخ، استمرت المقاومة في مورو ضد الحكومة الفلبينية. تختلف الإحصاءات لعدد ضحايا الصراع، ولكن تشير التقديرات المتحفّظة لقاعدة بيانات أوبسالا للنزاعات بأن 6015 شخصًا على الأقل قُتلوا خلال النزاع المسلّح بين حكومة الفلبين، وجماعة أبو سيّاف، ومناضلو بانغسامورو الإسلاميين في سبيل الحرية، وجبهة تحرير مورو الإسلامية، والجبهة الوطنية لتحرير مورو بين الأعوام 1989 و2012. (ar) Moro konflikt je ozbrojený konflikt mezi muslimskými povstalci a centrální filipínskou vládou. Největšími povstaleckými skupinami jsou , , a skupina Abú Sajjáf. Počátky současného násilí konfliktu sahají do roku 1969, i když jeho kořeny lze vystopovat k proti nadvládě Spojených států v roce 1899. V roce 1969 byl konflikt znovu rozdmýchán vládní protipartyzánskou operací, při které zahynulo přes 60 muslimů. Celkově si konflikt vyžádal více než 160 000 oběti z řad povstalců, vojáků, policistů a civilistů. (cs) Der Moro-Konflikt ist der bewaffnete Konflikt zwischen der Regierung der Philippinen und islamistischen Gruppierungen. Dies schließt Aufstände radikaler Muslime, indigener Völker und Rebellengruppen, die gegen Korruption und fremde Herrschaft aktiv sind, ein. Die islamische Aktivität im Rahmen des Aufstandes schließt die Nationale Befreiungsfront der Moros, die Islamische Befreiungsfront der Moros und Abu Sajaf ein. Sie sind in erster Linie auf der Insel Mindanao und dem Sulu-Archipel, wobei die Mitgliedschaft größtenteils zu den Moros gehört. Diese Gruppen waren seit den 1960er Jahren aktiv und wurden durch islamistische Gruppen aus dem Ausland, wie der Jemaah Islamiyah und al-Qaida unterstützt. Seit 2001 haben die jeweiligen Regierungen der Philippinen und der Vereinigten Staaten diesen Konflikt als Teil des Kriegs gegen den Terrorismus angesehen. Eine amerikanische Militäraktion namens wurde eingerichtet, um der Regierung der Philippinen gegen den Aufstand zu helfen. Seit 1978 wurden im Laufe des Konfliktes rund 150.000 Menschen getötet. (de) El conflicto Moro se refiere a los enfrentamientos existentes en la región de Mindanao (Filipinas) de manera ininterrumpida desde 1969 hasta la actualidad. Habiendo períodos de mayor y menor intensidad. El conflicto comenzó debido al sentimiento de los moros (adjetivo usado para denominar a las personas de etnia y cultura musulmanas en Filipinas) de estar siendo ninguneados por el gobierno de Filipinas, lo que acabó degenerando en movimientos separatistas y en la existencia de hostilidades y enfrentamientos entre estos grupos rebeldes y las fuerzas militares filipinas. Desde 1991, las facciones más radicales de los grupos rebeldes se escindieron de ellos y comenzaron a operar siguiendo directrices propias de los grupos yihadistas, haciéndose especialmente notables desde 2014, aunque previamente, en el período 2002-2015, esta situación ya había hecho considerarse a este conflicto como parte de la conocida en inglés como guerra al Terror (anti-terrorismo). (es) The Moro conflict is an insurgency in the Mindanao region of the Philippines, which has involved multiple armed groups, and has been ongoing since March 1968. Peace deals have been signed between the Philippine government and two major armed groups, the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), but other smaller armed groups continue to exist. The root cause of the Moro conflict is associated in a long history of resistance by the Bangsamoro people against foreign rule, including the American annexation of the Philippines in 1898; Moro resistance against the Philippine government has persisted ever since. During the administration of Philippine dictator Ferdinand Marcos, political tensions and open hostilities developed between the Philippine government and Moro Muslim rebel groups. The Moro insurgency was triggered by the Jabidah massacre on March 18, 1968, during which 60 Filipino Muslim commandos on a planned operation to reclaim the eastern part of the Malaysian state of Sabah were killed. Various organizations pushing for Moro self rule, either through autonomy or independence, were almost immediately formed in response, although these generally did not last long until University of the Philippines professor Nur Misuari established the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), an armed insurgent group committed to establishing an independent Mindanao, in 1972. In the following years, the MNLF splintered into several different groups including the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), which sought to establish an Islamic state within the Philippines. When the MILF modified its demands from independence to autonomy in the late 2008, a faction led by Ameril Umbra Kato disagreed, eventually forming the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters (BIFF) in 2010. Casualty statistics vary for the conflict, though the conservative estimates of the Uppsala Conflict Data Program indicate that at least 6,015 people were killed in armed conflict between the government of the Philippines and the Abu Sayyaf (ASG), BIFF, MILF, and MNLF factions between 1989 and 2012. (en) Ceannairc a throid as 1969 go dtí 2019 a tharla i Mindanao ab ea Coimhlint Moro. (ga) L'insurrection moro aux Philippines est un conflit armé opposant depuis 1969 les forces gouvernementales des Philippines à des groupes armés moros indépendantistes, islamistes ou djihadistes. (fr) Konflik Moro adalah sebuah pemberontakan yang sedang berlangsung di pulau Mindanao, Filipina. Pada 1969, ketegangan politik dan pertempuran terbuka berkembang di antara Pemerintah Filipina dan kelompok-kelompok pemberontak Muslim Moro. Pemberontakan Moro berujung pada , yang menewaskan 60 komandan atas operasi terencana untuk bagian timur negara bagian Malaysia Sabah. Sebagai tanggapannya, profesor Universitas Filipina Nur Misuari mendirikan Front Pembebasan Nasional Moro (FPNM), sebuah kelompok pemberontak bersenjata yang berniat mendirikan Mindanao yang independen. Pada tahun-tahun berikutnya, FPNM terbagi dalam beberapa kelompok yang berbeda yang meliputi Front Pembebasan Islam Moro, yang ingin mendirikan sebuah negara Islam di Filipina. Pemberontakan Moro berakar dalam sejarah panjang pemberontakan orang Bangsamoro melawan penguasa asing, bermula pada aneksasi Amerika atas Filipina pada 1899. Sejak itu, pemberontakan Moro beralih melawan pemerintah Filipina. Jumlah korban konflik tersebut beragam; namun, perkiraan konservatif dari mengindikasikan bahwa sekitar 6,015 orang tewas dalam konflik bersenjata antara Pemerintah Filipina dan faksi ASG, BIFM, MILF, dan MNLF antara 1989 dan 2012. (in) 모로 분쟁(Moro Conflict)은 필리핀 민다나오섬에서 진행 중인 내란 사태다. 와 모로족 무슬림 반군 사이 긴장관계는 1969년부터 시작되었다. 1968년 로 사태는 격화되어, 필리핀 대학교 교수였던 가 모로 민족해방전선 (MNLF)을 조직하여 민다나오 독립을 천명했다. 세월이 지나면서 MNLF는 여러 집단으로 분열했는데, 그 가운데 하나가 이슬람 국가 수립을 주장한 모로 이슬람 해방전선(MILF)이다. (ko) モロ紛争（Moro conflict）は、1969年から2019年まで続いたフィリピンのミンダナオ島での反乱。 1935年のミンダナオ島およびスールーのフィリピン連邦領土への統合開始時に持続した再定住政策によって生じた周辺化により、1969年までにフィリピン政府とイスラム教徒のモロの反政府グループの間で政治的緊張と軍事的行動が進展した。モロの反乱の発展は、マレーシアのザバ州東部を奪還する計画的な作戦で60人のイスラム教徒のフィリピン人コマンド隊員が殺害されたジャビダ虐殺が最終的な引き金となった。これに応えて、フィリピン大学のヌル・ミスアリ教授は、ミンダナオ、スールー、パラワンで構成される独立した実体を設立することを約束した武装反乱グループであるモロ民族解放戦線 （MNLF）を設立した。数年にわたりMNLFは、フィリピン内にイスラム国家を建設することを望むモロ・イスラム解放戦線（MILF）を含むいくつかの異なるグループに分裂した。モロの反乱は、外国の支配に対するバンサモロ民族の長い抵抗の歴史に根ざしており、スペインの戦争行為に関係していないにもかかわらず、1898年にアメリカによってフィリピンが併合された時にまで遡る。それ以来、モロの抵抗はフィリピン政府に対して続いている。 死傷者の統計は紛争によって異なるが、ウプサラ紛争データプログラムの控えめの推計では1989年から2012年の間にフィリピン政府とASG、BIFM、MILF、MNLFの組織との武力紛争で少なくとも6015人が殺害されたことを示している。 (ja) De Moro-opstand in de Filipijnen was een gewapend conflict tussen verschillende -rebellengroepen waaronder het meer nationalistische Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) en het islamistische Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) enerzijds en de nationale regering en het leger van de Filipijnen anderzijds. Dit gewapend conflict begon op 29 maart 1969 en eindigde op 27 maart 2014. Het betwiste gebied wordt door het MILF Bangsamoro genoemd en bestrijkt het zuidwestelijke deel van Mindanao, de Archipel van Sulu, Palawan, Basilan en naburige eilanden. Het totaal geclaimde oppervlakte is ongeveer een derde van het totale oppervlakte van de Filipijnen. Er wonen ongeveer 4,5 miljoen moslims in de Filipijnen; de meerderheid daarvan woont in dit gebied. (nl) L'insurrezione islamica nelle Filippine è una rivolta etnica separatista in corso nelle Filippine, iniziata nelle province meridionali del paese. (it) Conflito Moro ou ainda chamado de Insurreição Islâmica nas Filipinas é uma revolta em curso na ilha de Mindanao, nas Filipinas. Em 1969, tensões políticas e hostilidades abertas se desenvolveram entre o governo das Filipinas e os grupos rebeldes muçulmanos moro. A insurgência dos moros foi desencadeada pelo , no qual morreram 60 comandos dos filipinos muçulmanos em uma operação planejada para recuperar a parte oriental do estado malaio de Sabah. Em resposta, o professor da Universidade das Filipinas Nur Misuari criou a Frente Moro de Libertação Nacional (FMLN), um grupo armado rebelde empenhado em estabelecer um Mindanao independente. Ao longo dos anos, a FMLN se dividiria em vários grupos diferentes, incluindo a Frente Moro de Libertação Islâmica (FMLI), que pretende estabelecer um Estado islâmico dentro das Filipinas. A insurgência dos moros está enraizada em uma longa história de resistência do povo Bangsamoro contra o domínio estrangeiro, que remonta à anexação estadunidense das Filipinas em 1899. Desde então, a resistência moro tem persistido contra o governo filipino. As estatísticas de vítimas do conflito variam; no entanto, as estimativas conservadoras do indicam que pelo menos 6.015 pessoas foram mortas no conflito armado entre o governo das Filipinas e as facções Abu Sayyaf, , FMLI e FMLN entre 1989 e 2012. (pt) Внутренний вооружённый конфликт на Филиппинах — конфликт между центральным правительством Филиппин и вооружёнными группами мусульманских сепаратистов, активных на острове Минданао. Большинство боёв происходят в отдалённых частях островов центральной части Минданао, особенно на островах Басилан и Холо. Три основные группы повстанцев составляют мусульманские сепаратисты — Национально-освободительный фронт моро, Исламский освободительный фронт моро и Абу Сайяф. ИОФМ и Абу Сайяф являются отколовшимися фракциями от НОФМ. Коммунистическое повстанческое движение возглавляет Коммунистическая партия Филиппин (КПФ) и её военное крыло — Новая народная армия. (ru) 摩洛衝突，是菲律賓棉蘭老島地區的伊斯蘭叛亂，由1969年開始持續至2019年。 由於1935年菲律賓政府的重新安置政策使摩洛人開始邊緣化，到1969年，菲律賓政府和摩洛穆斯林反叛團體之間出現了政治緊張局勢和公開敵對行動。正在發展的摩洛人叛亂是由賈比達大屠殺引發的，該大屠殺導致60名菲律賓穆斯林突擊隊員被殺，計劃奪回馬來西亞沙巴州東部地區。作為回應，菲律賓大學教授努·密蘇阿里成立了摩洛民族解放陣線（MNLF），這是一個武裝叛亂組織，致力於建立一個由棉蘭老島，蘇祿和巴拉望島組成的獨立政治實體。在過去幾年中，MNLF分裂成幾個不同的團體，包括摩洛伊斯蘭解放陣線（摩洛伊斯蘭解放陣線），該集團希望在菲律賓建立一個伊斯蘭國家。摩洛叛亂根植於邦薩摩洛人民反對外國統治的長期抵抗歷史，可追溯到1898年美國吞併菲律賓，從那以後，摩洛人就抵抗菲律賓政府。 傷亡統計數據因衝突而異;然而，烏普薩拉衝突數據計劃的保守估計表明，菲律賓政府與阿布沙耶夫，摩洛伊斯蘭解放陣線等各派系在1989年至2012年間的武裝衝突中至少有6,015人喪生。 2019年杜特尔特领导的菲律宾政府与摩洛人达成协议，成立邦薩摩洛自治區，武装组织缴械解散。 (zh) |
| dbo:combatant | * ---- Supported by: (advisors) Abu Sayyaf(1991–present) Jihadist groups: Libya(until 2011) (since 2001) (until 1995) *MRLO 1969–2014: BIFF(2008–present) Bangsamoro: Former jihadist groups: Former support: International Monitoring Team(IMT, 2004–2022) KIM(2011–2013) MILF(until 2014) MNLF(until 1996) Maute group(2013–2017) NDFP Rajah Sulaiman Movement(1991–c. 2009) Since 2005: from 1991: |
| dbo:commander | dbr:Ameril_Umbra_Kato dbr:Rodrigo_Duterte dbr:Benigno_Aquino_III dbr:Bongbong_Marcos dbr:Death_by_natural_causes dbr:Joseph_Estrada dbr:Corazon_Aquino dbr:Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo dbr:Muammar_Gaddafi dbr:Murad_Ebrahim dbr:Muslimin_Sema dbr:Mustapha_Harun dbr:Anwar_Sadat dbr:Hatib_Hajan_Sawadjaan dbr:Abul_Khayr_Alonto dbr:Ferdinand_Marcos dbr:Fidel_Ramos dbr:Nur_Misuari dbr:Isnilon_Hapilon dbr:Abdullah_Maute dbr:Khadaffy_Janjalani dbr:Omar_Maute dbr:Radullan_Sahiron dbr:Hashim_Salamat |
| dbo:date | 1968-03-18 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:isPartOfMilitaryConflict | dbr:Civil_conflict_in_the_Philippines dbr:North_Borneo_dispute dbr:International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State |
| dbo:place | dbr:Philippines dbr:Mindanao |
| dbo:status | - Cessation of hostilities with the MNLF and MILF -Bangsamoro Transition Authority(BTA) established on February 22, 2019, to govern the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao until June 30, 2022 |
| dbo:strength | Unspecified 11,000 (2012) 125,000–130,000 |
| dbo:territory | dbr:Autonomous_Region_in_Muslim_Mindanao dbr:Bangsamoro |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Philippine_map_showin...ty_Christians_and_islam.png?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://web.archive.org/web/20141018215424/http:/mnlfnet.com/ https://web.archive.org/web/20181127004849/http:/www.morobloggers.com/ https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=3WoeAAAAMAAJ%7Cyear=1990%7Cpublisher=Oxford https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=B3RwAAAAMAAJ%7Cyear=1999%7Cpublisher=IQ https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=c7AMAQAAMAAJ%7Cyear=2008%7Cpublisher=Policy |
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| dbp:caption | Map of the Philippines showing the still majority Moro Muslim areas in Mindanao (en) |
| dbp:casualties | At least 120,000 including civilians (en) Total killed: (en) |
| dbp:combatant | 1969 (xsd:integer) Abu Sayyaf (en) Libya (en) Supported by: (en) Rajah Sulaiman Movement (en) Jihadist groups: (en) KIM (en) MNLF (en) Maute group (en) ---- International Monitoring Team * * * * * * * (en) ---- Since 2005: (en) BIFF Former jihadist groups: (en) MILF Former support: (en) NDFP * MRLO (en) from 1991: (en) |
| dbp:commander | Anwar Sadat (en) Bongbong Marcos (en) Corazon Aquino (en) Ferdinand Marcos (en) Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (en) Joseph Estrada (en) Muammar Gaddafi (en) Rodrigo Duterte (en) (en) Nur Misuari (en) Fidel Ramos (en) Murad Ebrahim (en) Abdullah Maute (en) Omar Maute (en) Isnilon Totoni Hapilon (en) Khadaffy Janjalani (en) Muslimin Sema (en) Radullan Sahiron (en) Mustapha Harun (en) Benigno Aquino (en) Hatib Hajan Sawadjaan (en) Abul Khayr Alonto # (en) Ameril Umbra Kato # (en) Former support: (en) Galib Andang (en) Habib Mujahab Hashim # (en) Habier Malik (en) Hashim Salamat # (en) |
| dbp:conflict | Moro conflict (en) |
| dbp:date | 0001-03-18 (xsd:gMonthDay) (en) |
| dbp:imageSize | 300 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:partof | the insurgency in the Philippines, North Borneo dispute and military intervention against ISIL (en) |
| dbp:place | dbr:Philippines dbr:Mindanao |
| dbp:status | 0001-02-22 (xsd:gMonthDay) - Cessation of hostilities with the MNLF and MILF (en) |
| dbp:strength | 11000 (xsd:integer) 125000 (xsd:integer) Unspecified (en) |
| dbp:territory | 0001-02-22 (xsd:gMonthDay) |
| dbp:title | Articles related to Moro conflict (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Moro konflikt je ozbrojený konflikt mezi muslimskými povstalci a centrální filipínskou vládou. Největšími povstaleckými skupinami jsou , , a skupina Abú Sajjáf. Počátky současného násilí konfliktu sahají do roku 1969, i když jeho kořeny lze vystopovat k proti nadvládě Spojených států v roce 1899. V roce 1969 byl konflikt znovu rozdmýchán vládní protipartyzánskou operací, při které zahynulo přes 60 muslimů. Celkově si konflikt vyžádal více než 160 000 oběti z řad povstalců, vojáků, policistů a civilistů. (cs) Ceannairc a throid as 1969 go dtí 2019 a tharla i Mindanao ab ea Coimhlint Moro. (ga) L'insurrection moro aux Philippines est un conflit armé opposant depuis 1969 les forces gouvernementales des Philippines à des groupes armés moros indépendantistes, islamistes ou djihadistes. (fr) 모로 분쟁(Moro Conflict)은 필리핀 민다나오섬에서 진행 중인 내란 사태다. 와 모로족 무슬림 반군 사이 긴장관계는 1969년부터 시작되었다. 1968년 로 사태는 격화되어, 필리핀 대학교 교수였던 가 모로 민족해방전선 (MNLF)을 조직하여 민다나오 독립을 천명했다. 세월이 지나면서 MNLF는 여러 집단으로 분열했는데, 그 가운데 하나가 이슬람 국가 수립을 주장한 모로 이슬람 해방전선(MILF)이다. (ko) De Moro-opstand in de Filipijnen was een gewapend conflict tussen verschillende -rebellengroepen waaronder het meer nationalistische Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) en het islamistische Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) enerzijds en de nationale regering en het leger van de Filipijnen anderzijds. Dit gewapend conflict begon op 29 maart 1969 en eindigde op 27 maart 2014. Het betwiste gebied wordt door het MILF Bangsamoro genoemd en bestrijkt het zuidwestelijke deel van Mindanao, de Archipel van Sulu, Palawan, Basilan en naburige eilanden. Het totaal geclaimde oppervlakte is ongeveer een derde van het totale oppervlakte van de Filipijnen. Er wonen ongeveer 4,5 miljoen moslims in de Filipijnen; de meerderheid daarvan woont in dit gebied. (nl) L'insurrezione islamica nelle Filippine è una rivolta etnica separatista in corso nelle Filippine, iniziata nelle province meridionali del paese. (it) 摩洛衝突，是菲律賓棉蘭老島地區的伊斯蘭叛亂，由1969年開始持續至2019年。 由於1935年菲律賓政府的重新安置政策使摩洛人開始邊緣化，到1969年，菲律賓政府和摩洛穆斯林反叛團體之間出現了政治緊張局勢和公開敵對行動。正在發展的摩洛人叛亂是由賈比達大屠殺引發的，該大屠殺導致60名菲律賓穆斯林突擊隊員被殺，計劃奪回馬來西亞沙巴州東部地區。作為回應，菲律賓大學教授努·密蘇阿里成立了摩洛民族解放陣線（MNLF），這是一個武裝叛亂組織，致力於建立一個由棉蘭老島，蘇祿和巴拉望島組成的獨立政治實體。在過去幾年中，MNLF分裂成幾個不同的團體，包括摩洛伊斯蘭解放陣線（摩洛伊斯蘭解放陣線），該集團希望在菲律賓建立一個伊斯蘭國家。摩洛叛亂根植於邦薩摩洛人民反對外國統治的長期抵抗歷史，可追溯到1898年美國吞併菲律賓，從那以後，摩洛人就抵抗菲律賓政府。 傷亡統計數據因衝突而異;然而，烏普薩拉衝突數據計劃的保守估計表明，菲律賓政府與阿布沙耶夫，摩洛伊斯蘭解放陣線等各派系在1989年至2012年間的武裝衝突中至少有6,015人喪生。 2019年杜特尔特领导的菲律宾政府与摩洛人达成协议，成立邦薩摩洛自治區，武装组织缴械解散。 (zh) صراع مورو، هو عبارة عن حركة تمرد نشطت في منطقة مينداناو في الفلبين بين الأعوام 1969 و2019. بحلول العام 1969 نشبت الاضطرابات السياسية والأعمال القتالية المفتوحة بين حكومة الفلبين وجماعات تحرير مورو المسلّحة نظرًا لعوامل التهميش التي نجمت عن سياسات إعادة التوطين المستمرة منذ بدايات ضمّ مينداناو وسولو إلى مناطق كومنولث الفلبين في العام 1935. كان من العوامل التي أشعلت فتيل حركات التمرد في مورو في نهاية المطاف هو وقوع مجزرة جابيدا التي شهدت مقتل 60 عنصرًا مِن الكوماندوز المسلمين ضمن عملية مخطّطة لاستعادة الجزء الشرقي من ولاية صباح. ردًّا على المجزرة، أسس البروفيسور في جامعة الفلبين نور ميسواري الجبهة الوطنية لتحرير مورو، وهي حركة تمرد مسلحة آلت على نفسها إقامة كيان مستقل يضمّ جزيرة مينداناو، وأرخبيل سولو، ومقاطعة بالاوان. عبر السنوات المتتابعة، انشقت الجبهة إلى عدة جماعات مختلفة، كان منها جبهة (ar) Der Moro-Konflikt ist der bewaffnete Konflikt zwischen der Regierung der Philippinen und islamistischen Gruppierungen. Dies schließt Aufstände radikaler Muslime, indigener Völker und Rebellengruppen, die gegen Korruption und fremde Herrschaft aktiv sind, ein. Die islamische Aktivität im Rahmen des Aufstandes schließt die Nationale Befreiungsfront der Moros, die Islamische Befreiungsfront der Moros und Abu Sajaf ein. Sie sind in erster Linie auf der Insel Mindanao und dem Sulu-Archipel, wobei die Mitgliedschaft größtenteils zu den Moros gehört. Diese Gruppen waren seit den 1960er Jahren aktiv und wurden durch islamistische Gruppen aus dem Ausland, wie der Jemaah Islamiyah und al-Qaida unterstützt. (de) El conflicto Moro se refiere a los enfrentamientos existentes en la región de Mindanao (Filipinas) de manera ininterrumpida desde 1969 hasta la actualidad. Habiendo períodos de mayor y menor intensidad. El conflicto comenzó debido al sentimiento de los moros (adjetivo usado para denominar a las personas de etnia y cultura musulmanas en Filipinas) de estar siendo ninguneados por el gobierno de Filipinas, lo que acabó degenerando en movimientos separatistas y en la existencia de hostilidades y enfrentamientos entre estos grupos rebeldes y las fuerzas militares filipinas. (es) The Moro conflict is an insurgency in the Mindanao region of the Philippines, which has involved multiple armed groups, and has been ongoing since March 1968. Peace deals have been signed between the Philippine government and two major armed groups, the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), but other smaller armed groups continue to exist. (en) Konflik Moro adalah sebuah pemberontakan yang sedang berlangsung di pulau Mindanao, Filipina. Pada 1969, ketegangan politik dan pertempuran terbuka berkembang di antara Pemerintah Filipina dan kelompok-kelompok pemberontak Muslim Moro. Pemberontakan Moro berujung pada , yang menewaskan 60 komandan atas operasi terencana untuk bagian timur negara bagian Malaysia Sabah. Sebagai tanggapannya, profesor Universitas Filipina Nur Misuari mendirikan Front Pembebasan Nasional Moro (FPNM), sebuah kelompok pemberontak bersenjata yang berniat mendirikan Mindanao yang independen. Pada tahun-tahun berikutnya, FPNM terbagi dalam beberapa kelompok yang berbeda yang meliputi Front Pembebasan Islam Moro, yang ingin mendirikan sebuah negara Islam di Filipina. Pemberontakan Moro berakar dalam sejarah panjan (in) モロ紛争（Moro conflict）は、1969年から2019年まで続いたフィリピンのミンダナオ島での反乱。 1935年のミンダナオ島およびスールーのフィリピン連邦領土への統合開始時に持続した再定住政策によって生じた周辺化により、1969年までにフィリピン政府とイスラム教徒のモロの反政府グループの間で政治的緊張と軍事的行動が進展した。モロの反乱の発展は、マレーシアのザバ州東部を奪還する計画的な作戦で60人のイスラム教徒のフィリピン人コマンド隊員が殺害されたジャビダ虐殺が最終的な引き金となった。これに応えて、フィリピン大学のヌル・ミスアリ教授は、ミンダナオ、スールー、パラワンで構成される独立した実体を設立することを約束した武装反乱グループであるモロ民族解放戦線 （MNLF）を設立した。数年にわたりMNLFは、フィリピン内にイスラム国家を建設することを望むモロ・イスラム解放戦線（MILF）を含むいくつかの異なるグループに分裂した。モロの反乱は、外国の支配に対するバンサモロ民族の長い抵抗の歴史に根ざしており、スペインの戦争行為に関係していないにもかかわらず、1898年にアメリカによってフィリピンが併合された時にまで遡る。それ以来、モロの抵抗はフィリピン政府に対して続いている。 (ja) Внутренний вооружённый конфликт на Филиппинах — конфликт между центральным правительством Филиппин и вооружёнными группами мусульманских сепаратистов, активных на острове Минданао. Большинство боёв происходят в отдалённых частях островов центральной части Минданао, особенно на островах Басилан и Холо. Три основные группы повстанцев составляют мусульманские сепаратисты — Национально-освободительный фронт моро, Исламский освободительный фронт моро и Абу Сайяф. ИОФМ и Абу Сайяф являются отколовшимися фракциями от НОФМ. (ru) Conflito Moro ou ainda chamado de Insurreição Islâmica nas Filipinas é uma revolta em curso na ilha de Mindanao, nas Filipinas. Em 1969, tensões políticas e hostilidades abertas se desenvolveram entre o governo das Filipinas e os grupos rebeldes muçulmanos moro. A insurgência dos moros foi desencadeada pelo , no qual morreram 60 comandos dos filipinos muçulmanos em uma operação planejada para recuperar a parte oriental do estado malaio de Sabah. Em resposta, o professor da Universidade das Filipinas Nur Misuari criou a Frente Moro de Libertação Nacional (FMLN), um grupo armado rebelde empenhado em estabelecer um Mindanao independente. Ao longo dos anos, a FMLN se dividiria em vários grupos diferentes, incluindo a Frente Moro de Libertação Islâmica (FMLI), que pretende estabelecer um Estado (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Moro conflict (en) صراع مورو (ar) Moro konflikt (cs) Moro-Konflikt (de) Conflicto Moro (es) Coimhlint Moro (ga) Konflik Moro (in) Insurrection moro aux Philippines (fr) Insurrezione islamica nelle Filippine (it) 모로 분쟁 (ko) モロ紛争 (ja) Moro-opstand in de Filipijnen (nl) Conflito Moro (pt) Внутренний вооружённый конфликт на Филиппинах (ru) 莫洛衝突 (zh) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:Timeline_of_the_Moro_conflict dbr:2000_Philippine_campaign_against_the_Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front dbr:Jabidah_massacre |
| owl:differentFrom | dbr:Kidnapping_of_Aldo_Moro |
| owl:sameAs | yago-res:Moro conflict wikidata:Moro conflict dbpedia-ar:Moro conflict dbpedia-az:Moro conflict dbpedia-cs:Moro conflict dbpedia-de:Moro conflict dbpedia-es:Moro conflict dbpedia-fi:Moro conflict dbpedia-fr:Moro conflict dbpedia-ga:Moro conflict dbpedia-he:Moro conflict dbpedia-id:Moro conflict dbpedia-it:Moro conflict dbpedia-ja:Moro conflict dbpedia-ko:Moro conflict dbpedia-ms:Moro conflict dbpedia-nl:Moro conflict dbpedia-pnb:Moro conflict dbpedia-pt:Moro conflict dbpedia-ru:Moro conflict dbpedia-tr:Moro conflict http://ur.dbpedia.org/resource/مورو_تنازع dbpedia-zh:Moro conflict https://global.dbpedia.org/id/H5XM |
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| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Flag_of_Jihad.svg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Flag_of_the_Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front.svg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/MNLF_flag.svg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Philippine_map_showin...ith_majority_Christians_and_islam.png wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Christian_Filipinos_u...ainst_the_Moro_Muslim,_circa_1887.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Flag_of_the_Communist..._the_Philippines_(alternative_II).svg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Ph_ARMM.png wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/NDF_Flag.svg |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Moro_conflict |
| foaf:name | Moro conflict (en) |
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| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Moro_conflict |
