Australian native police (original) (raw)
Das Native-Police-Corps war eine Polizeitruppe in Australien, deren etwa 60 Mitglieder zu drei Vierteln aus Aborigines bestand; Männer vom Stamm der Wurundjeri und Bunurong dienten als Fährtensucher. Es wurde erstmals 1842 in Port Phillip (damals New South Wales – heute Victoria) gebildet. Andere Native-Police-Corps wurden 1848 in Queensland, Northern Territory, Western Australia und South Australia gegründet.
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| dbo:abstract | Australian native police units, consisting of Aboriginal troopers under the command (usually) of at least one white officer, existed in various forms in all Australian mainland colonies during the nineteenth and, in some cases, into the twentieth centuries. The Native Mounted Police utilised horses as their transportation mode in the days before motor cars, and patrolled huge geographic areas. The introduction of a Police presence helped provide law & order to areas which were already struggling with crime issues. From established base camps they patrolled vast areas to investigate law breaches, including alleged murders. Often armed with rifles, carbines and swords, they sometimes also escorted surveying groups, pastoralists and prospectors through country considered to be dangerous. The Aboriginal men within the Native Police were routinely recruited from areas that were very distant from the locations in which they were deployed. As the troopers were Aboriginal, this benefited the colonists by minimising both the wages of the police and the potential for Aboriginal revenge attacks against white people. It also increased the efficiency of the force as the Aboriginal troopers possessed incredible tracking skills, which helped to track persons under investigation, often in poorly charted and difficult terrain. Their bush survival skills were of high importance to the police service. The first government funded force was the Native Police Corps, established in 1837 in the Port Phillip District of the then Australian colony of New South Wales (now Victoria). From 1848 another force was organised in New South Wales, which operated mostly within the borders of the later colony of Queensland. This force, sometimes called the "Native Mounted Police Force", was initially funded by squatters, and was the largest and longest lasting of the mainland forces. Some early units were accused of riding with "light trigger fingers", and conducting extrajudicial shootings of Aboriginal people under the official euphemism of "dispersal". It existed from 1848 to about 1915, when the last Native Police camps in Queensland were closed. Dispersal of Aboriginal people was also employed by the Native Police of other colonies and also by groups such as pastoral station workers, the colonial army and the Border Police. The government of South Australia set up a short-lived Native Police force in 1852, which was re-established in 1884 and deployed into what is now the Northern Territory. The colonial Western Australian government also initiated a formal Native Police force in 1840 under the command of John Nicol Drummond. Other privately funded native police systems were also occasionally used in Australia, such as the native constabulary organised by the Australian Agricultural Company in the 1830s. Native Police forces were also officially implemented in the Papua and New Guinea territories administered by colonial Queensland and Australian governments from 1890 until the 1970s. The Australian government also organised a native police force on Nauru during its administration of the island from 1923 until 1968. (en) Das Native-Police-Corps war eine Polizeitruppe in Australien, deren etwa 60 Mitglieder zu drei Vierteln aus Aborigines bestand; Männer vom Stamm der Wurundjeri und Bunurong dienten als Fährtensucher. Es wurde erstmals 1842 in Port Phillip (damals New South Wales – heute Victoria) gebildet. Andere Native-Police-Corps wurden 1848 in Queensland, Northern Territory, Western Australia und South Australia gegründet. (de) Native Police-eenheden waren politiekorpsen bestaande uit Aboriginals onder leiding van ten minste een blanke officier die tijdens de Europese kolonisatie van Australië werden ingezet om de orde aan het pioniersfront te handhaven. Andere activiteiten waren het begeleiden van reizigers, het opsporen van misdadigers en vermiste personen en later het controleren van licenties op de goudvelden. Met uitzondering van Tasmanië beschikte elke Australische kolonie gedurende het koloniale tijdperk over dergelijke eenheden. Korpsleden werden zelden of nooit in hun eigen stamgebied ingezet. Ten eerste, omdat ze maar moeilijk konden worden overgehaald om hun eigen mensen te verraden. Daarnaast bestond het risico dat plannen van het korps uitlekten naar aanvoerders van verzetsgroepen in de nabije omgeving. Tot slot deserteerden rekruten dicht bij huis sneller, omdat de verlokkingen van het leven in de bush te groot waren. In Queensland werden bijvoorbeeld mannen uit Nieuw-Zuid-Wales ingezet. Deze spraken een andere taal en hielden er andere gewoontes en gebruiken op na dan de lokale volkeren. Dit maakte het gemakkelijker om tegen lokale opstandelingen op te treden. De rekruten waren doorgaans jonge mannen die onder dwang of aangelokt door materiële voordelen zoals een eigen paard, een uniform, voedsel en een geweer tot de Native Police Force toetraden. Ze wisten hoe ze in de bush moesten overleven en waren vaak uitstekende spoorzoekers. Een andere reden waarom officieren bij voorkeur Aboriginals rekruteerden, was de gangbare opvatting dat lokale Aboriginals veel banger waren voor de Native Police dan voor blanke politiemannen. ’It is; because they know that the Native Police can follow them—they often laught at the efforts of the whites to follow them.’ Ondanks dat ze van onschatbare waarde waren voor de kolonisten en de politie, werden leden van de Native Police vaak slecht behandeld. De meesten kregen niets betaald en werden regelmatig gestraft. Het pioniersfront in Queensland behoorde tot de bloedigste in Australië. De Native Police was daar mede debet aan. Ze werd gefinancierd door squatters (landbezetters) en werd vooral ingezet om deze te beschermen tegen wraakacties van Aboriginals vanwege gestolen land. In 1861 werd er een parlementair onderzoek verricht dat o.a. ‘the charges of unnecessary cruelty brought against their officers when dealing with the Natives’ moest onderzoeken. De Native Police in Queensland was ook betrokken bij diverse bloedbaden, zoals dat bij Pigeon Creek in West-Queensland, en had de reputatie ‘meer problemen te veroorzaken dan op te lossen’. De Native Police verloor aan betekenis naarmate het kolonisatieproces zijn voltooiing naderde. Zodra de hoeveelheid conflicten tot een minimum was beperkt, werden de Aboriginals vervangen door blanke politieagenten met uitzondering van een paar spoorzoekers die voor andere taken van nut bleven. (nl) Австралийская туземная полиция (англ. Australian native police) — военизированные единицы, состоявшие из солдат — аборигенов под командованием обычно одного белого офицера. Существовали в нескольких австралийских колониях в XIX веке. Среди этих формирований были действительно только две силы, финансируемые из бюджета, организованные и развёрнутые на границе правительством для долгосрочного использования. Первая из них создана в 1837 году в районе Порт -Филипп на территории австралийской колонии Новый Южный Уэльс (ныне Виктория), а вторая была развёрнута в северных районах Нового Южного Уэльса (позже колония Квинсленд) в 1848 году. Именно последняя, известная преимущественно просто как «Туземная полиция» (англ. Native Police Force) (иногда ещё называемая как «Туземная конная полиция» (англ. Native Mounted Police Force) в Квинсленде, была самой многочисленной, самой известной и мощной из всех. Она просуществовала с 1848 по 1900 годы. Другие единицы туземной полиции, подобные формированиям из Нового Южного Уэльса, также иногда использовались и в колонии Южная Австралия, Западная Австралия и Северной Территории (тогда части колонии Южная Австралия), но, за небольшим исключением, они были неофициально организованы, часто по частной инициативе. (ru) Австралійська тубільна поліція (англ. Australian native police) — воєнізовані одиниці, що складалися з солдатів-аборигенів під командуванням, зазвичай, одного білого офіцера. Існували в декількох австралійських колоніях в XIX сторіччі. Проте, серед них дійсно тільки дві сили були фінансовані з бюджету, організовані та розгорнуті на кордоні урядом для довгострокового використання. Перша була створена 1837 року в районі Порт-Філіп на теренах австралійської колонії Новий Південний Уельс (нині Вікторія). Друга була розгорнута 1848 року в північних районах Нового Південного Уельсу (пізніше колонія Квінсленд). Саме остання, відома переважно просто як «Тубільна поліція» (англ. Native Police Force) й іноді ще звана як «Тубільна кінна поліція» (англ. Native Mounted Police Force), у Квінсленді була найбільшою, найвідомішою та найміцнішою з усіх. Вона проіснувала з 1848 року до 1900 року. Інші підрозділи тубільної поліції, подібні тим, що існували у Новому Південному Уельсі, також іноді використовувались і в колонії Південна Австралія, Західна Австралія та Північній Території (тоді частині колонії Південна Австралія), але, за невеликим виключенням, вони були неофіційно організовані, часто за приватної ініціативи. (uk) |
| dbo:activeYearsEndYear | 1905-01-01 (xsd:gYear) |
| dbo:activeYearsStartYear | 1848-01-01 (xsd:gYear) |
| dbo:commander | dbr:Frederick_Walker_(native_police_commandant) |
| dbo:country | dbr:Queensland dbr:British_Empire |
| dbo:secondCommander | dbr:Richard_Purvis_Marshall |
| dbo:thirdCommander | dbr:William_Colburn_Mayne |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Queensland_Native_Police_1864.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://users.netconnect.com.au/~ianmac/aborigin.html https://web.archive.org/web/20061229151542/http:/www.prov.vic.gov.au/nativepolice/home.html http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/2280447%3Flookfor=title:(The%20way%20we%20civilise)%20%7Bpi:nla.*%20AND%20-pi:nla.arc*%7D&offset=1&max=64395) |
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| dbp:allegiance | British Empire (en) |
| dbp:commander | dbr:David_Thompson_Seymour dbr:John_O'Connell_Bligh dbr:Edric_Norfolk_Vaux_Morisset dbr:John_Clements_Wickham dbr:Frederick_Walker_(native_police_commandant) dbr:William_Colburn_Mayne dbr:Richard_Purvis_Marshall dbr:William_Edward_Parry-Okeden John McLerie (en) |
| dbp:commander1Label | Commandant (en) |
| dbp:commander2Label | Commandant (en) |
| dbp:commander3Label | Inspector General of Police (en) |
| dbp:commander4Label | Inspector General of Police (en) |
| dbp:commander5Label | Government Resident (en) |
| dbp:commander6Label | Commandant (en) |
| dbp:commander7Label | Commandant (en) |
| dbp:commander8Label | Queensland Police Commissioner (en) |
| dbp:commander9Label | Queensland Police Commissioner (en) |
| dbp:country | British Empire (en) |
| dbp:dates | 1848 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:nickname | The Black Police (en) |
| dbp:type | Mounted Infantry (en) |
| dbp:unitName | Native Police (en) |
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| dct:subject | dbc:Defunct_law_enforcement_agencies_of_Australia dbc:History_of_Australia_(1788–1850) dbc:History_of_Indigenous_Australians dbc:Pre-Separation_Queensland dbc:Law_enforcement_agencies_of_indigenous_peoples dbc:Wurundjeri |
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| rdfs:comment | Das Native-Police-Corps war eine Polizeitruppe in Australien, deren etwa 60 Mitglieder zu drei Vierteln aus Aborigines bestand; Männer vom Stamm der Wurundjeri und Bunurong dienten als Fährtensucher. Es wurde erstmals 1842 in Port Phillip (damals New South Wales – heute Victoria) gebildet. Andere Native-Police-Corps wurden 1848 in Queensland, Northern Territory, Western Australia und South Australia gegründet. (de) Australian native police units, consisting of Aboriginal troopers under the command (usually) of at least one white officer, existed in various forms in all Australian mainland colonies during the nineteenth and, in some cases, into the twentieth centuries. The Native Mounted Police utilised horses as their transportation mode in the days before motor cars, and patrolled huge geographic areas. The introduction of a Police presence helped provide law & order to areas which were already struggling with crime issues. From established base camps they patrolled vast areas to investigate law breaches, including alleged murders. Often armed with rifles, carbines and swords, they sometimes also escorted surveying groups, pastoralists and prospectors through country considered to be dangerous. (en) Native Police-eenheden waren politiekorpsen bestaande uit Aboriginals onder leiding van ten minste een blanke officier die tijdens de Europese kolonisatie van Australië werden ingezet om de orde aan het pioniersfront te handhaven. Andere activiteiten waren het begeleiden van reizigers, het opsporen van misdadigers en vermiste personen en later het controleren van licenties op de goudvelden. Met uitzondering van Tasmanië beschikte elke Australische kolonie gedurende het koloniale tijdperk over dergelijke eenheden. (nl) Австралийская туземная полиция (англ. Australian native police) — военизированные единицы, состоявшие из солдат — аборигенов под командованием обычно одного белого офицера. Существовали в нескольких австралийских колониях в XIX веке. Другие единицы туземной полиции, подобные формированиям из Нового Южного Уэльса, также иногда использовались и в колонии Южная Австралия, Западная Австралия и Северной Территории (тогда части колонии Южная Австралия), но, за небольшим исключением, они были неофициально организованы, часто по частной инициативе. (ru) Австралійська тубільна поліція (англ. Australian native police) — воєнізовані одиниці, що складалися з солдатів-аборигенів під командуванням, зазвичай, одного білого офіцера. Існували в декількох австралійських колоніях в XIX сторіччі. Інші підрозділи тубільної поліції, подібні тим, що існували у Новому Південному Уельсі, також іноді використовувались і в колонії Південна Австралія, Західна Австралія та Північній Території (тоді частині колонії Південна Австралія), але, за невеликим виключенням, вони були неофіційно організовані, часто за приватної ініціативи. (uk) |
| rdfs:label | Native-Police-Corps (de) Australian native police (en) Native Police (nl) Туземная полиция (Австралия) (ru) Тубільна поліція (Австралія) (uk) |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Australian native police yago-res:Australian native police wikidata:Australian native police dbpedia-de:Australian native police dbpedia-nl:Australian native police dbpedia-ru:Australian native police dbpedia-uk:Australian native police https://global.dbpedia.org/id/51sKo |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Australian_native_police?oldid=1119975760&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Davidseymour.jpeg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/1870nativepolice.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Skirmish_near_Creen_Creek.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/StateLibQld_1_115804_...in_his_military_uniform,_ca._1870.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Frederick_Walker_(Commandant_of_Native_Police).jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Alexanderddouglas.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Dispersal.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Frederic_Urquhart.png wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/John_OConnell_Bligh.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/NativePoliceMarlowe.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Nativepolicedispersal.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Nativepolicemusgrave.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Oscarnativepolice.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Queensland_Native_Police_1864.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Sketch_of_the_retalia...er_the_Hornet_Bank_Massacre,_1925.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/StateLibQld_1_47804_I...n_Murray,_Native_Police,_ca._1866.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/StateLibQld_1_51460_Edric_Morisset.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/StateLibQld_2_85432_Robert_Arthur_Johnstone.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Troopernativepolice.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Turnofflagoonnp1.png wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Victorian_Native_Police.jpg |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Australian_native_police |
| foaf:name | Native Police (en) |
| foaf:nick | The Black Police (en) |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of | dbr:Native_Mounted_Police dbr:Native_Police dbr:Native_Police_Corps dbr:Native_Police_Force dbr:Native_police |
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| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Australian_native_police |
