Nur Muhammad Taraki (original) (raw)
نور محمد ترکي أو تراقي هو رجل دولة أفغاني خلال فترة الحرب الباردة، شغل منصب رئيس أفغانستان من عام 1978 حتى عام 1979.
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| dbo:abstract | نور محمد ترکي أو تراقي هو رجل دولة أفغاني خلال فترة الحرب الباردة، شغل منصب رئيس أفغانستان من عام 1978 حتى عام 1979. (ar) Núr Mohammad Tarakí (15. července 1916 – 14. září 1979) byl afghánský komunistický politik a spisovatel tvořící v paštštině, prezident a premiér Afghánistánu v letech 1978-1979. (cs) Nur Muhammad Taraki (* 14. Juli 1917 in Mukur; † 8. Oktober 1979 in Kabul) war ein afghanischer Journalist, Politiker und Ministerpräsident. Er war eines der Gründungsmitglieder der Demokratischen Volkspartei Afghanistans und gehörte nach deren Spaltung 1967 dem -Zweig der Partei an. Er wurde 1979 ermordet. (de) Ο Νουρ Μουχαμάντ Ταρακί (15 Ιουλίου 1917–8 Οκτωβρίου 1979) ήταν Αφγανός κομμουνιστής πολιτικός κατά τη διάρκεια του Ψυχρού Πολέμου ο οποίος διετέλεσε Πρόεδρος του Αφγανιστάν από το 1978 έως το 1979. Ο Ταρακί γεννήθηκε κοντά στην Καμπούλ και σπούδασε στο . Μετά την ολοκλήρωση των σπουδών του ξεκίνησε την πολιτική του σταδιοδρομία ως δημοσιογράφος. Αργότερα έγινε ένα από τα ιδρυτικά μέλη του Λαϊκού Δημοκρατικού Κόμματος του Αφγανιστάν και εξελέγη του κόμματος στο πρώτο συνέδριο του. Υπήρξε υποψήφιος στις στο Αφγανιστάν, αλλά απέτυχε να εξασφαλίσει την εκλογή του. Το 1966 δημοσίευσε το πρώτο φύλλο της κομματικής εφημερίδας Khalq, η οποία έκλεισε λίγο αργότερα από την κυβέρνηση. Ηγήθηκε της συνιστώσας Χαλκ του Λαϊκού Δημοκρατικού Κόμματος του Αφγανιστάν. Το 1978, ο Ταρακί, μαζί με τον Χαφιζουλάχ Αμίν και τον Μπαμπράκ Καρμάλ υπήρξαν πρωτεργάτες της Εξέγερσης του Σαούρ και ίδρυσαν τη Λαϊκή Δημοκρατία του Αφγανιστάν. Η προεδρία του Ταρακί, αν και βραχύβια, χαρακτηρίστηκε από συνεχείς διαμάχες. Η κυβέρνηση διαιρέθηκε μεταξύ των δύο συνιστωσών του Λαϊκού Δημοκρατικού Κόμματος: τους υποστηρικτές του Χαλκ (του οποίου ηγέτης ήταν ο Ταρακί και αποτελούσαν την πλειοψηφία), και τους υποστηρικτές του Παρτσάμ, που αποτελούσαν τη μειοψηφία. Ξεκίνησε εκκαθάριση της κυβέρνησης και του κόμματος που οδήγησε σε πολλά υψηλόβαθμα μέλη του Παρτσάμ σε εκ των πραγμάτων εξορία με την ανάθεση να υπηρετούν στο εξωτερικό ως πρεσβευτές. Ο Ταρακί πραγματοποίησε μεταρρύθμιση στη χερσαία ιδιοκτησία την 1η Ιανουαρίου 1979, η οποία αποδείχθηκε αρκετά μη δημοφιλής. Το καθεστώς του, επίσης, καταπίεσε βίαια τους αντιφρονούντες και επιθεώρησε τις σφαγές των χωρικών. Αυτοί οι παράγοντες, μεταξύ άλλων, οδήγησαν σε μια λαϊκή αντίδραση που ξεκίνησε μια εξέγερση. Παρά τις επανειλημμένες προσπάθειες κατά τη διάρκεια της διακυβέρνησής του, ο Ταρακί αποδείχθηκε αδύνατος να πείσει τη Σοβιετική Ένωση να παρέμβει υπέρ της αποκατάστασης της πολιτικής τάξης. Η βασιλεία του χαρακτηρίστηκε από μία δικτατορικού τύπου λατρεία προσωπικότητας με επίκεντρο τον εαυτό του που είχε καλλιεργηθεί από τον Αμίν. Ο κρατικός τύπος και η ακόλουθη προπαγάνδα άρχισαν να τον παρουσιάζουν ως τον «Μεγάλο ηγέτη» και τον «Μεγάλο Δάσκαλο». Η σχέση του με τον Αμίν δυσχεράνθηκε κατά τη διάρκεια της διακυβέρνησής του, καταλήγοντας τελικά στην ανατροπή του Ταρακί στις 14 Σεπτεμβρίου 1979 και στη συνέχεια στη δολοφονία του στις 8 Οκτωβρίου κατόπιν εντολής του Αμίν. Ο θάνατός του ήταν ένας παράγοντας που οδήγησε στη σοβιετική εισβολή τον Δεκέμβριο. Πέρα από την ενασχόλησή του με την πολιτική, από τη δεκαετία του 1940 έγραφε και μυθιστορήματα και διηγήματα στο ύφος του σοσιαλιστικού ρεαλισμού. (el) Nur Muhammad Taraki (n. 1917; mortis en oktobro de 1979) estis afgana ĵurnalisto kaj politikisto. Li estis kunfondinto de la kaj apartenis post tis splitiĝo en 1967 al la -branĉo de la partio. Kiam estis per puĉo forigita en 1978, Taraki iĝis Prezidanto de Revolucia konsilio kaj ĉefminsitro. Lia kunbatalanto devigis lin retiriĝi en septembro de 1979. Oni plej verŝajne murdis lin en oktobre, sed Kabul Times informis pri lia morto je malsano. (eo) Nur Muhammad Taraki (pastún: نور محمد ترکی; Kalai, 15 de julio de 1917 - Kabul, 8 de octubre de 1979) fue un escritor, revolucionario y estadista afgano. Fundó el Partido Democrático Popular de Afganistán (PDPA, conocido como comunista), lideró la Revolución de Saur, que estableció un Estado socialista: la República Democrática de Afganistán, de la cual fue presidente. Durante su gobierno, Taraki aplicó un plan radical de transformaciones y encabezó la lucha contra los contrarrevolucionarios armados (conocidos como «muyahidines»), hasta que fue derrocado en un golpe de Estado organizado por su primer ministro, quien poco tiempo después ordenó su ejecución. (es) Nour Mohammad Taraki, né le 15 juillet 1917 à Ghazni et mort le 14 septembre 1979 à Kaboul, est un homme d'État afghan, président du Conseil révolutionnaire de la République démocratique d'Afghanistan du 30 avril 1978 au 14 septembre 1979. (fr) Nur Muhammad Taraki (Pashto: نور محمد ترکی; 14 July 1917 – 9 October 1979) was an Afghan revolutionary communist politician, journalist and writer. He was a founding member of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) who served as its General Secretary from 1965 to 1979 and Chairman of the Revolutionary Council from 1978 to 1979. Taraki was born in Nawa, Ghazni Province, and graduated from Kabul University, after which he started his political career as a journalist. From the 1940s onward Taraki also wrote novels and short stories in the socialist realism style. Forming the PDPA at his residence in Kabul along with Babrak Karmal, he was elected as the party's General Secretary at its first congress. He ran as a candidate in the 1965 Afghan parliamentary election but failed to win a seat. In 1966 he published the Khalq, a party newspaper advocating for class struggle, but the government closed it down shortly afterward. In 1978 he, Hafizullah Amin and Babrak Karmal initiated the Saur Revolution and established the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. Taraki's leadership was short-lived and marked by controversies. The government was divided between two PDPA factions: the Khalqists (led by Taraki), the majority, and the Parchamites, the minority. Taraki along with his "protégé" Amin started a purge of the government and party that led to several high-ranking Parchamite members being sent into de facto exile by being assigned to serve overseas as ambassadors, and later started jailing domestic Parchamites. His regime locked up dissidents and oversaw massacres of villagers, citing the necessity of Red Terror by the Bolsheviks in Soviet Russia, that opponents of the Saur Revolution had to be eliminated. These factors, among others, led to a popular backlash that initiated a rebellion. Despite repeated attempts, Taraki was unable to persuade the Soviet Union to intervene in support of the restoration of civil order. Amin initiated most of these policies behind the scenes. Taraki's reign was marked by a cult of personality centered around him that Amin had cultivated. The state press and subsequent propaganda started to refer to him as the "Great Leader" and "Great Teacher", and his portrait became a common sight throughout the country. His relationship with Amin turned sour during his rule, ultimately resulting in Taraki's overthrow on 14 September 1979 and subsequent murder on 8 October, on Amin's orders, with Kabul press reporting that he died of illness. His death was a factor that led to the Soviet intervention in December 1979. (en) Nur Muhammad Taraki (15 Juli 1913 – 8 Oktober 1979) adalah politikus Afganistan. Partainya, Partai Demokrasi Rakyat Afganistan, sukses menjatuhkan monarki Afganistan, dan setelah Presiden sebelumnya, Mohammed Daoud Khan dibunuh bersama keluarganya dalam sebuah kudeta, ia menjadi Presiden Afganistan sejak tahun 1978 sampai ia dikudeta dan dibunuh oleh salah satu musuhnya di Partai Demokrasi Rakyat Afganistan pada tanggal 14 September 1979. (in) 누르 모하마드 타라키(다리어: نورمحمد ترهکی, 파슈토어: نور محمد ترکی, 1917년 7월 15일 ~ 1979년 9월 16일)는 아프가니스탄의 정치인으로 아프가니스탄 민주 공화국의 제1대 혁명평의회 의장을 지냈다. 파슈툰인 출신으로 인도 봄베이에서 야간 학교에 참석하며 영어를 배웠고 후에 으로 경제학 박사 학위 취득을 위해 갔으며 나중에는 미국 컬럼비아 대학교에서 석사 학위를 받았다. 대학생 시절 인도를 방문한 뒤 마르크스주의와 에 영향을 받았으며, 귀국한 뒤에는 바흐타르 통신의 초대 국장으로 임명되었다. 1940년대부터는 시를 쓰꺼나 많은 소설을 집필하여 작가로 알려지게 되었다. 1952년에는 아프가니스탄의 주미대사로 임명되으나, 아프가니스탄 왕국을 비판하여 해임되었다. 주미대사에서 해임된 이후 아프가니스탄 왕국 송환을 피하기 위해 1962년까지 미국에 머물렀으며, 통역사로 활동하였다. 이후 1962년 주아프가니스탄 대사로 임명되었으나 아프가니스탄 인민민주당을 창당하기 위해 대사직을 사임하였다. 1965년 1월 누르 모하마드 타라키는 아프가니스탄 인민민주당을 창당하고 인민민주당 후보로 아프가니스탄 총선에 출마하였으나, 아프가니스탄 왕국의 탄압으로 낙선하고 인민민주당도 의석을 얻지 못하였다. 1973년 인민민주당의 노선을 두고 파벌이 형성되자 하피줄라 아민과 함께 급진파를 대표하게 되었다. 1978년 아프가니스탄에서 사우르 혁명이 일어나자 적극적으로 참여하였으며 아프가니스탄 민주공화국을 창립하고 초대 대통령으로 선출되었으며, 1978년 5월에는 혁명위원회 의장이 되어 토지개혁과 사회개혁을 시행하였다. 또한 봉건주의적 유산 타파와 문맹 퇴치 운동을 시행하였다. 그러나 1979년부터 견해 차이로 하피줄라 아민과 대립하게 되었고, 이 과정에서 머리가 배개에 눌려져 질식사하였다. (ko) ヌール・ムハンマド・タラキー（パシュトー語: نور محمد ترکی、Nur Muhammad Taraki、1917年6月15日 - 1979年10月8日）は、アフガニスタンの政治家。アフガニスタン民主共和国の初代革命評議会議長。 (ja) Nur Muhammad Taraki (Pasjtoe: نور محمد ترکی) (Ghazni, 15 juli 1913 - Kabul, 14 september 1979) was president van Afghanistan tussen april 1978 en september 1979. Taraki was de zoon van een herder en behoorde tot de Pasthun-bevolkingsgroep. Vanaf 1937 werkte hij voor de overheid. Van 1947 tot 1952 was hij lid van de linkse jeugdbeweging de ontwakende jeugd. In 1953 werd hij in Washington. In 1965 richtte hij met geestverwanten te zijner huize de Democratische Volkspartij van Afghanistan (DVPA) op, een linkse (aan het communisme verwante) volkspartij. Hij werd tot secretaris-generaal van de partij gekozen. In 1966 richtte hij de krant Khalq (Het Volk) op, die echter spoedig van overheidswege werd verboden. In 1967 werd Taraki leider van de links-nationalistische Khalq-factie van de DVPA. Na de communistisch/militaire staatsgreep van 27 april 1978 (de zogenaamde Saur-Revolutie) werd Taraki op 30 april tot president van de Revolutionaire Raad (dat wil zeggen staatshoofd) benoemd en op 1 mei werd hij tevens minister-president. Onder zijn bewind werd een begin gemaakt met een radicale landhervorming en een grootscheepse alfabetiseringscampagne. Sinds oktober 1978 was er echter gewapend verzet tegen zijn communistisch bewind. In maart 1979 escaleerde het verzet, als gevolg van de poging van Taraki om in de stad onderwijs voor meisjes in te voeren. Dit verzet werd extra gevoed door de Islamitische Revolutie tegen de Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi in het naburige Iran. Toen bij het verzet ook ongeveer 100 vrouwen en kinderen van Sovjet-adviseurs omkwamen, drong de Sovjet-Unie aan op matiging van de hervormingen. Na een staatsbezoek aan de Sovjet-Unie (september 1979) werd hij door zijn vicepresident, Hafizullah Amin, gevangengenomen en opgesloten (hij was zogenaamd om gezondheidsredenen afgetreden) en in diezelfde maand gedood. (nl) Nur Muhammad Taraki (Kabul, 15 giugno 1913 – Kabul, 14 settembre 1979) è stato un politico afghano. Iniziò la sua carriera politica come giornalista, e in seguito entrò a far parte del PDPA del quale fu segretario generale dal 1965 fino alla sua morte. Fu anche presidente del Consiglio rivoluzionario dall'aprile del 1978 al settembre del 1979. Il suo partito, il PDPA, partecipò al rovesciamento della monarchia afghana e all'instaurazione della Repubblica dell'Afghanistan. Dopo l'uccisione del presidente Mohammed Daud Khan e della sua famiglia durante un colpo di Stato (la cosiddetta rivoluzione di Saur), venne instaurata la Repubblica Democratica dell'Afghanistan e Taraki salì al potere dal 1978 fino all'anno dopo, allorquando venne rovesciato e ucciso dal suo rivale all'interno del partito, Hafizullah Amin. La presidenza di Taraki, seppur di breve durata, fu caratterizzata da controversie durante tutto il suo corso, a causa delle riforme volte a trasformare la società afghana in una società comunista, considerate da alcuni troppo estremiste. Sotto il governo di Taraki si verificarono varie rivolte in tutto il paese e buona parte dell'esercito volle disertare. (it) Nur Muhammad Taraki, född 15 juli 1917 i Ghazni, död 14 september 1979 i Kabul, var en afghansk politiker (marxist), poet, författare, och journalist. Han var ledare för gruppen Khalq som senare kom att ingå i Afghanistans folkdemokratiska parti och Demokratiska republiken Afghanistans president 1978–1979. Taraki tog makten 27 april 1978 i saurrevolutionen, statskuppen som störtade president Mohammed Daud och förde kommunistpartiet till makten. Taraki mördades i september 1979 i en intern kupp inom det afghanska kommunistpartiet. Omständigheterna kring mordet är oklara och ingen har lagförts för brottet. (sv) Nur Mohammad Taraki (paszto: نور محمد ترکی) (ur. 15 lipca 1917, zm. 14 września 1979) – afgański polityk komunistyczny i pisarz tworzący w języku paszto, prezydent i premier Afganistanu w latach 1978–1979. (pl) Нур Муха́ммед Таракі (пушту نور محمد ترکۍ; 15 липня 1917[http://global.britannica.com/biography/Nur-Mohammad-Taraki\_Encyclopædia\_Britannica\]\[\[d:Track:Q5375741\]\] (uk) Nur Mohammad Taraki (Gásni, 15 de julho de 1917 - Cabul, 14 de setembro de 1979) foi um escritor, jornalista, revolucionário e político afegão. depois que o seu partido, o PDPA, derrubou monarquia do Afeganistão, na Revolução de Saur, assumiu a presidência do Afeganistão, em 1978, até ser assassinado por Hafizullah Amin, seu rival no PDPA em 1979. (pt) Нур Моха́ммад Тараки́ (пушту نور محمد ترکی; 15 июля 1917 — 9 октября 1979) — афганский общественный, политический и государственный деятель; писатель, журналист, Генеральный секретарь ЦК НДПА (1965—1967 и 1977—1979) и лидер её фракции «Хальк». После Саурской революции и прихода к власти партии НДПА стал председателем Революционного совета и премьер-министром Афганистана (1978—1979), проводя марксистскую политику в Афганистане. Однако социально-экономические реформы, проводимые партией под руководством Тараки, вызвали недовольство богатых слоёв населения и реакционного исламского духовенства в стране и активизацию вооружённого сопротивления, переросшее в Гражданскую войну. Его кратковременное правление ознаменовалось внутрипартийной борьбой, репрессиями и осложнением военно-политической обстановки в стране. Свергнут в сентябре 1979 года и тайно убит. (ru) 努尔·穆罕默德·塔拉基（普什圖語：نور محمد ترکۍ；1917年7月15日－1979年10月8日），阿富汗政治人物，為阿富汗民主共和國領導人、阿富汗人民民主党总书记。 (zh) |
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| dbo:deathDate | 1979-10-09 (xsd:date) |
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| rdfs:comment | نور محمد ترکي أو تراقي هو رجل دولة أفغاني خلال فترة الحرب الباردة، شغل منصب رئيس أفغانستان من عام 1978 حتى عام 1979. (ar) Núr Mohammad Tarakí (15. července 1916 – 14. září 1979) byl afghánský komunistický politik a spisovatel tvořící v paštštině, prezident a premiér Afghánistánu v letech 1978-1979. (cs) Nur Muhammad Taraki (* 14. Juli 1917 in Mukur; † 8. Oktober 1979 in Kabul) war ein afghanischer Journalist, Politiker und Ministerpräsident. Er war eines der Gründungsmitglieder der Demokratischen Volkspartei Afghanistans und gehörte nach deren Spaltung 1967 dem -Zweig der Partei an. Er wurde 1979 ermordet. (de) Nur Muhammad Taraki (n. 1917; mortis en oktobro de 1979) estis afgana ĵurnalisto kaj politikisto. Li estis kunfondinto de la kaj apartenis post tis splitiĝo en 1967 al la -branĉo de la partio. Kiam estis per puĉo forigita en 1978, Taraki iĝis Prezidanto de Revolucia konsilio kaj ĉefminsitro. Lia kunbatalanto devigis lin retiriĝi en septembro de 1979. Oni plej verŝajne murdis lin en oktobre, sed Kabul Times informis pri lia morto je malsano. (eo) Nur Muhammad Taraki (pastún: نور محمد ترکی; Kalai, 15 de julio de 1917 - Kabul, 8 de octubre de 1979) fue un escritor, revolucionario y estadista afgano. Fundó el Partido Democrático Popular de Afganistán (PDPA, conocido como comunista), lideró la Revolución de Saur, que estableció un Estado socialista: la República Democrática de Afganistán, de la cual fue presidente. Durante su gobierno, Taraki aplicó un plan radical de transformaciones y encabezó la lucha contra los contrarrevolucionarios armados (conocidos como «muyahidines»), hasta que fue derrocado en un golpe de Estado organizado por su primer ministro, quien poco tiempo después ordenó su ejecución. (es) Nour Mohammad Taraki, né le 15 juillet 1917 à Ghazni et mort le 14 septembre 1979 à Kaboul, est un homme d'État afghan, président du Conseil révolutionnaire de la République démocratique d'Afghanistan du 30 avril 1978 au 14 septembre 1979. (fr) Nur Muhammad Taraki (15 Juli 1913 – 8 Oktober 1979) adalah politikus Afganistan. Partainya, Partai Demokrasi Rakyat Afganistan, sukses menjatuhkan monarki Afganistan, dan setelah Presiden sebelumnya, Mohammed Daoud Khan dibunuh bersama keluarganya dalam sebuah kudeta, ia menjadi Presiden Afganistan sejak tahun 1978 sampai ia dikudeta dan dibunuh oleh salah satu musuhnya di Partai Demokrasi Rakyat Afganistan pada tanggal 14 September 1979. (in) ヌール・ムハンマド・タラキー（パシュトー語: نور محمد ترکی、Nur Muhammad Taraki、1917年6月15日 - 1979年10月8日）は、アフガニスタンの政治家。アフガニスタン民主共和国の初代革命評議会議長。 (ja) Nur Mohammad Taraki (paszto: نور محمد ترکی) (ur. 15 lipca 1917, zm. 14 września 1979) – afgański polityk komunistyczny i pisarz tworzący w języku paszto, prezydent i premier Afganistanu w latach 1978–1979. (pl) Нур Муха́ммед Таракі (пушту نور محمد ترکۍ; 15 липня 1917[http://global.britannica.com/biography/Nur-Mohammad-Taraki\_Encyclopædia\_Britannica\]\[\[d:Track:Q5375741\]\] (uk) Nur Mohammad Taraki (Gásni, 15 de julho de 1917 - Cabul, 14 de setembro de 1979) foi um escritor, jornalista, revolucionário e político afegão. depois que o seu partido, o PDPA, derrubou monarquia do Afeganistão, na Revolução de Saur, assumiu a presidência do Afeganistão, em 1978, até ser assassinado por Hafizullah Amin, seu rival no PDPA em 1979. (pt) 努尔·穆罕默德·塔拉基（普什圖語：نور محمد ترکۍ；1917年7月15日－1979年10月8日），阿富汗政治人物，為阿富汗民主共和國領導人、阿富汗人民民主党总书记。 (zh) Ο Νουρ Μουχαμάντ Ταρακί (15 Ιουλίου 1917–8 Οκτωβρίου 1979) ήταν Αφγανός κομμουνιστής πολιτικός κατά τη διάρκεια του Ψυχρού Πολέμου ο οποίος διετέλεσε Πρόεδρος του Αφγανιστάν από το 1978 έως το 1979. Ο Ταρακί γεννήθηκε κοντά στην Καμπούλ και σπούδασε στο . Μετά την ολοκλήρωση των σπουδών του ξεκίνησε την πολιτική του σταδιοδρομία ως δημοσιογράφος. Αργότερα έγινε ένα από τα ιδρυτικά μέλη του Λαϊκού Δημοκρατικού Κόμματος του Αφγανιστάν και εξελέγη του κόμματος στο πρώτο συνέδριο του. Υπήρξε υποψήφιος στις στο Αφγανιστάν, αλλά απέτυχε να εξασφαλίσει την εκλογή του. Το 1966 δημοσίευσε το πρώτο φύλλο της κομματικής εφημερίδας Khalq, η οποία έκλεισε λίγο αργότερα από την κυβέρνηση. Ηγήθηκε της συνιστώσας Χαλκ του Λαϊκού Δημοκρατικού Κόμματος του Αφγανιστάν. Το 1978, ο Ταρακί, μαζί με τον Χαφιζο (el) Nur Muhammad Taraki (Pashto: نور محمد ترکی; 14 July 1917 – 9 October 1979) was an Afghan revolutionary communist politician, journalist and writer. He was a founding member of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) who served as its General Secretary from 1965 to 1979 and Chairman of the Revolutionary Council from 1978 to 1979. (en) Nur Muhammad Taraki (Kabul, 15 giugno 1913 – Kabul, 14 settembre 1979) è stato un politico afghano. Iniziò la sua carriera politica come giornalista, e in seguito entrò a far parte del PDPA del quale fu segretario generale dal 1965 fino alla sua morte. Fu anche presidente del Consiglio rivoluzionario dall'aprile del 1978 al settembre del 1979. Il suo partito, il PDPA, partecipò al rovesciamento della monarchia afghana e all'instaurazione della Repubblica dell'Afghanistan. Dopo l'uccisione del presidente Mohammed Daud Khan e della sua famiglia durante un colpo di Stato (la cosiddetta rivoluzione di Saur), venne instaurata la Repubblica Democratica dell'Afghanistan e Taraki salì al potere dal 1978 fino all'anno dopo, allorquando venne rovesciato e ucciso dal suo rivale all'interno del partit (it) 누르 모하마드 타라키(다리어: نورمحمد ترهکی, 파슈토어: نور محمد ترکی, 1917년 7월 15일 ~ 1979년 9월 16일)는 아프가니스탄의 정치인으로 아프가니스탄 민주 공화국의 제1대 혁명평의회 의장을 지냈다. 파슈툰인 출신으로 인도 봄베이에서 야간 학교에 참석하며 영어를 배웠고 후에 으로 경제학 박사 학위 취득을 위해 갔으며 나중에는 미국 컬럼비아 대학교에서 석사 학위를 받았다. 대학생 시절 인도를 방문한 뒤 마르크스주의와 에 영향을 받았으며, 귀국한 뒤에는 바흐타르 통신의 초대 국장으로 임명되었다. 1940년대부터는 시를 쓰꺼나 많은 소설을 집필하여 작가로 알려지게 되었다. 1952년에는 아프가니스탄의 주미대사로 임명되으나, 아프가니스탄 왕국을 비판하여 해임되었다. 주미대사에서 해임된 이후 아프가니스탄 왕국 송환을 피하기 위해 1962년까지 미국에 머물렀으며, 통역사로 활동하였다. 이후 1962년 주아프가니스탄 대사로 임명되었으나 아프가니스탄 인민민주당을 창당하기 위해 대사직을 사임하였다. (ko) Nur Muhammad Taraki (Pasjtoe: نور محمد ترکی) (Ghazni, 15 juli 1913 - Kabul, 14 september 1979) was president van Afghanistan tussen april 1978 en september 1979. Taraki was de zoon van een herder en behoorde tot de Pasthun-bevolkingsgroep. Vanaf 1937 werkte hij voor de overheid. Van 1947 tot 1952 was hij lid van de linkse jeugdbeweging de ontwakende jeugd. In 1953 werd hij in Washington. In 1965 richtte hij met geestverwanten te zijner huize de Democratische Volkspartij van Afghanistan (DVPA) op, een linkse (aan het communisme verwante) volkspartij. Hij werd tot secretaris-generaal van de partij gekozen. In 1966 richtte hij de krant Khalq (Het Volk) op, die echter spoedig van overheidswege werd verboden. In 1967 werd Taraki leider van de links-nationalistische Khalq-factie van de DVPA. (nl) Nur Muhammad Taraki, född 15 juli 1917 i Ghazni, död 14 september 1979 i Kabul, var en afghansk politiker (marxist), poet, författare, och journalist. Han var ledare för gruppen Khalq som senare kom att ingå i Afghanistans folkdemokratiska parti och Demokratiska republiken Afghanistans president 1978–1979. Taraki tog makten 27 april 1978 i saurrevolutionen, statskuppen som störtade president Mohammed Daud och förde kommunistpartiet till makten. (sv) Нур Моха́ммад Тараки́ (пушту نور محمد ترکی; 15 июля 1917 — 9 октября 1979) — афганский общественный, политический и государственный деятель; писатель, журналист, Генеральный секретарь ЦК НДПА (1965—1967 и 1977—1979) и лидер её фракции «Хальк». После Саурской революции и прихода к власти партии НДПА стал председателем Революционного совета и премьер-министром Афганистана (1978—1979), проводя марксистскую политику в Афганистане. Однако социально-экономические реформы, проводимые партией под руководством Тараки, вызвали недовольство богатых слоёв населения и реакционного исламского духовенства в стране и активизацию вооружённого сопротивления, переросшее в Гражданскую войну. Его кратковременное правление ознаменовалось внутрипартийной борьбой, репрессиями и осложнением военно-политической об (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Nur Muhammad Taraki (en) نور محمد تركي (ar) Núr Mohammad Tarakí (cs) Nur Muhammad Taraki (de) Νουρ Μουχαμάντ Ταρακί (el) Nur Mohammad Taraki (eo) Nur Muhammad Taraki (es) Nur Mohammad Taraki (in) Nour Mohammad Taraki (fr) Nur Mohammad Taraki (it) 누르 모하마드 타라키 (ko) ヌール・ムハンマド・タラキー (ja) Nur Muhammad Taraki (nl) Nur Mohammad Taraki (pl) Nur Mohammad Taraki (pt) Нур Мохаммад Тараки (ru) Nur Muhammad Taraki (sv) Нур Мухаммед Таракі (uk) 努尔·穆罕默德·塔拉基 (zh) |
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