Annexation of Goa (original) (raw)
Invaze do Goy (v Indii označováno jako osvobození Goy) byl útok armády Indické republiky proti portugalským državám v Indii 17. až 19. prosince 1961. Střet si vyžádal 22 mrtvých Indů a 30 mrtvých Portugalců a skončil vítězstvím Indie a připojením portugalských držav k Indii. Indickou invazí skončila 451 let dlouhá historie portugalských kolonií v Indii. Indové tuto invazi označili krycím jménem operace Vijay („vítězství“).
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| dbo:abstract | حرب غوا وهي حرب نشبت بين الهند و البرتغال من أجل القضاء على الاحتلال البرتغالي لمستعمرة غوا وألتي كانت تحد الهند من كل الجهات وكانت هذه المستعمرة البرتغالية الباقية في شبه قارة الهند بعد أن قامت بريطانيا باستعمار الهند، وبعد استقلال الهند سنة 1947 بدأت تطالب البرتغال بتسليمها لمستعمرة غوا وإنهاء الاحتلال هناك إلا أن الديكتاتور البرتغالي أنطونيو سالازار رفض ذلك عدة مرات، إلى أن قامت القوات المسلحة الهندية بمهاجمة المستعمرة في يوم 18 ديسمبر 1961 وانتهت الحرب بعد يوم واحد فقط (19 ديسمبر) بعد أن تمكنت الهند من السيطرة على غوا وإنهت إستعمار دام ل451 عام، وكانت حصيلة المعركة مقتل 62 شخص من الطرفين، وتعتبر هذه الحرب من أقصر الحروب في التاريخ. بعد استقلال الهند عن الإمبراطورية الهندية في أغسطس 1947، واصلت البرتغال احتفاظها ببضعة أراض حبيسة في شبه القارة الهندية –مقاطعات غوا ودامان وديو ودادرا وناجار هافيلي- والمعروفة مجتمعةً باسم الهند البرتغالية. غطت غوا ودامان وديو مساحة تبلغ نحو 1,540 ميل مربع (4000 كيلومتر مربع) ويبلغ عدد سكانها 637,591. قُدّر الشتات الغواني بنحو 175 ألفًا (نحو 100 ألف داخل الاتحاد الهندي، بشكل رئيسي في بومباي). كان التوزيع الديني 61% من الهندوس و36.7% من المسيحيين (معظمهم من الكاثوليك) و2.2% من المسلمين. ارتكز الاقتصاد في المقام الأول على الزراعة، على الرغم من أن أربعينيات وخمسينيات القرن الماضي شهدت طفرة في التعدين -بشكل أساسي خام الحديد وبعض المنغنيز. (ar) Invaze do Goy (v Indii označováno jako osvobození Goy) byl útok armády Indické republiky proti portugalským državám v Indii 17. až 19. prosince 1961. Střet si vyžádal 22 mrtvých Indů a 30 mrtvých Portugalců a skončil vítězstvím Indie a připojením portugalských držav k Indii. Indickou invazí skončila 451 let dlouhá historie portugalských kolonií v Indii. Indové tuto invazi označili krycím jménem operace Vijay („vítězství“). (cs) The Annexation of Goa was the process in which the Republic of India annexed Estado da Índia, the then Portuguese Indian territories of Goa, Daman and Diu, starting with the armed action carried out by the Indian Armed Forces in December 1961. In India, this action is referred to as the "Liberation of Goa". In Portugal, it is referred to as the "Invasion of Goa". Jawaharlal Nehru had hoped that the popular movement in Goa and the pressure of world public opinion would force the Portuguese Goan authorities to grant it independence but since it did not have any effect, he decided to take it by force. The "armed action" was code named Operation Vijay (meaning "Victory" in Sanskrit) by the Indian Armed Forces. It involved air, sea and land strikes for over 36 hours, and was a decisive victory for India, ending 451 years of rule by Portugal over its remaining exclaves in India. The engagement lasted two days, and twenty-two Indians and thirty Portuguese were killed in the fighting. The brief conflict drew a mixture of worldwide praise and condemnation. In India, the action was seen as a liberation of historically Indian territory, while Portugal viewed it as an aggression against its national soil and citizens. Following the end of Portuguese rule in 1961, Goa was placed under military administration headed by Kunhiraman Palat Candeth as lieutenant governor. On 8 June 1962, military rule was replaced by civilian government when the Lieutenant Governor nominated an informal Consultative Council of 29 nominated members to assist him in the administration of the territory. (en) La anexión de Goa (también llamada invasión de la India portuguesa, invasión de Goa, o liberación de Goa por las fuerzas indias) fue una invasión militar de la India contra Portugal, entre el 18 y 19 de diciembre de 1961. Con el nombre clave Operation Vijay (en hindi, विजय Vijay, lit. "Victoria"), la campaña militar, efectuada por las Fuerzas Armadas de India, terminó con 451 años de soberanía portuguesa en la zona de la península del Indostán, ya que también se produjo la expulsión lusa de Damán, Diu y Angediva. Para la India, se trató de una campaña de liberación y recuperación de un territorio que le pertenecía, y que le había sido arrebatado 450 años antes. India argumentó que no pudo recuperar el territorio antes, porque durante 430 años estuvo sometida a dominación colonial. Portugal, en cambio, lo consideró una invasión y violación de su soberanía. Se intentó mandar refuerzos, para lo cual se pidió a Reino Unido el uso de los aeródromos que controlaba en el trayecto, pero fue rechazado. La desobediencia por parte del gobernador Manuel António Vassalo e Silva de las órdenes de realizar una resistencia numantina, fue interpretada como una traición. Para el Gobierno portugués el desenlace fue algo traumático porque era su posesión más preciada en Asia, negándose a aceptar el resultado y rompiendo inmediatamente relaciones diplomáticas con la India. Veintidós indios y treinta portugueses murieron en la lucha. El breve conflicto suscitó una mezcla de alabanza y condena mundial. (es) Goaren deskolonizazioa, baita ere Goaren Inbasioa eta Goaren Askapena, India estatuak Goa lurraldean aurrera eraman zuen Portugalen aurkako gerra laburra izan zen. 1961ko abenduaren 18tik 19ra, Indiako armadak Portugalek azpikontinentean zituen lurrak okupatu zituen. Eraso horrekin indiarren okupazioaren aurka burututako protesten historia luzea amaitu zen. (eu) L'Invasion de Goa (surnommée Opération Vijay par l'Inde) est le nom donné à l'offensive lancée en 1961 par les forces armées indiennes sur les restes de l'empire colonial portugais en Inde, appelé Estado da India, et qui a conduit à la conquête du territoire de Goa, de Damao, de Diu et de l'île Anjidiv. Elle a débuté par les opérations armées menées par les forces armées indiennes en décembre 1961. En Inde, ces opérations sont appelées la "Libération de Goa". Jawaharlal Nehru avait espéré que le mouvement populaire à Goa et la pression de l'opinion publique mondiale obligeraient les autorités portugaises de Goa à lui accorder l'indépendance mais ces pressions n'ont pas eu l'effet escompté. Face à la volonté portugaise de conserver leur colonie, il a pris la décision de la libérer militairement. avaient déjà déclaré leur indépendance. Après l'indépendance de l'Inde du Royaume-Uni, quelques enclaves de la région de Konkan appelées «l'Inde portugaise» figuraient parmi les dernières colonies d'Asie. Elles comprenaient les régions de Goa, Daman, Silvassa, Diu et Anjediv situées sur la côte ouest de la péninsule indienne. Dans les années 1950, l'Inde a revendiqué les territoires portugais par des moyens diplomatiques, mais à la suite du refus de Salazar, dictateur du Portugal, de les abandonner, la revendication indienne est devenue militaire, sous le nom de code d'opération Vijay (« victoire »). L'opération a impliqué des frappes aériennes, maritimes et terrestres pendant plus de 36 heures et a été une victoire décisive pour l'Inde, mettant fin à 451 ans de présence du Portugal sur ses enclaves en Inde. L'engagement a duré deux jours, et vingt-deux Indiens et trente Portugais ont été tués dans les combats. Le bref conflit a suscité un mélange d'éloges et de condamnations dans le monde entier. En Inde, l'action a été considérée comme une libération du territoire historiquement indien, tandis que le Portugal l'a considérée comme une agression contre son sol national et ses citoyens. Après la fin de la domination portugaise en 1961, Goa a été placée sous administration militaire dirigée par (en) en tant que lieutenant-gouverneur. Le 8 juin 1962, le régime militaire a été remplacé par un gouvernement civil lorsque le lieutenant-gouverneur a nommé un conseil consultatif informel de 29 membres nommés pour le seconder dans l'administration du territoire. (fr) Invasi Goa atau Aneksasi Goa adalah proses di mana Republik India membebaskan wilayah Goa, Daman dan Diu yang saat itu merupakan koloni Portugal, dimulai dengan aksi bersenjata yang dilakukan oleh Angkatan Bersenjata India pada bulan Desember 1961. Di India, aksi ini disebut sebagai Pembebasan Goa. Sementara di Portugal, aksi ini disebut sebagai Invasi Goa. Aksi bersenjata ini diberi kode bernama 'Operasi Vijay' (berarti "Kemenangan") oleh Angkatan Bersenjata India, dan melibatkan serangan baik dari udara, laut dan darat selama lebih dari 36 jam, dan merupakan kemenangan yang menentukan bagi India. Kemenangan India berhasil mengakhiri 451 tahun pemerintahan Portugal atas sisa koloninya di India (1510–1961). Pertempuran tersebut berlangsung selama dua hari, dan dua puluh dua orang India dan tiga puluh orang Portugis tewas dalam pertempuran itu. Konflik singkat tersebut menimbulkan campuran pujian dan kecaman di seluruh dunia. Di India, tindakan tersebut dipandang sebagai pembebasan wilayah India secara historis, sementara Portugal memandangnya sebagai agresi terhadap wilayahnya dan warganya. Setelah berakhirnya kekuasaan Portugis pada tahun 1961, Goa ditempatkan di bawah administrasi militer yang dipimpin oleh sebagai Letnan Gubernur. Pada 8 Juni 1962, kekuasaan militer di Goa digantikan oleh pemerintah sipil ketika Letnan Gubernur menominasikan informal dari 29 anggota yang dicalonkan untuk membantunya dalam administrasi wilayah. (in) L'annessione indiana di Goa del 1961 (indicata anche come invasione di Goa o liberazione di Goa da parte indiana, oppure anche caduta dell'India portoghese), fu un intervento delle forze armate indiane che concluse il dominio portoghese nelle enclavi in India. L'azione armata, indicata con nome in codice di Operazione Vijay (Hindi: विजय Vijay, letteralmente "Vittoria") da parte del governo indiano, si concluse in sole 36 ore, con una vittoria decisiva per l'India, che pose fine alla colonia portoghese di Goa dopo 451 anni. Durante i combattimenti morirono ventidue indiani e trenta portoghesi. Il breve conflitto scatenò reazioni contrastanti in tutto il mondo. In India, l'azione fu vista come una liberazione di territori storicamente indiani per vicinanza geografica, mentre il Portogallo lo considerò come un'aggressione contro il suolo nazionale e i suoi cittadini. (it) 1961년 고아 병합 혹은 비자이 작전, 고아 침공은 인도 공화국이 포르투갈의 식민지로 마지막까지 남은 포르투갈령 인도 지역인 현재의 고아 주와 다만 디우를 병합한 사건이다. 이 교전 중 인도인 22명과 포르투갈인 30명이 전사했다. (ko) Индийская аннексия Гоа в 1961 году (англ. Indian annexation of Goa) (также называемая вторжением в Гоа, освобождением Гоа и падением португальской Индии) — акция вооружённых сил Индии, положившая конец португальскому правлению в эксклавах на территории индийского субконтинента в 1961 году. Вооружённая акция под кодовым названием «операция Виджай» (хинди विजय, букв. «победа») (название дано правительством Индии) продолжалась 36 часов, удары наносились с воздуха, моря и наземными силами и привела к решительной победе Индии, положившей конец 451-летнему португальскому колониальному управлению Гоа. В ходе боёв погибли 22 индийца и 30 португальцев. Краткий конфликт вызвал различную реакцию в мире: от похвалы до осуждения. В Индии акция рассматривалась как освобождение исторической индийской территории, в то время как португальцы смотрели на неё как агрессию против национальной территории. (ru) Indiska annekteringen av Goa (också kallad Invasionen av Goa, Befrielsen av Goa av indiska styrkor, och Portugisiska Indiens fall), var en militär insats av Indiens väpnade styrkor som avslutade Portugals styre av dess exklaver i Indien 1961. Den väpnade insatsen, med kodnamnet Operation Vijay (hindi: ऑपरेशन विजय, "Operation Victory") av den indiska regeringen, involverade luft, sjö och markattacker i över 36 timmar, och var en avgörande seger för Indien som avslutade 451 år av portugisiskt utomeuropeiskt provinsstyre i Goa. 22 indier och 30 portugiser dödades i striderna. Den korta konflikten drog en blandning av världsomspännande beröm och fördömande. I Indien har insatsen setts som en befrielse av ett historiskt indiskt territorium genom geografisk närhet, medan Portugal har sett det som ett angrepp på nationell mark och dess medborgare. (sv) Anexação de Goa foi o processo no qual a União Indiana anexou os antigos territórios do Estado Português da Índia de Goa, Damão e Diu, começando com uma intervenção militar realizada pelas Forças Armadas da Índia em dezembro de 1961. Na Índia, esta ação é referida como a "Libertação de Goa". Em Portugal e em outros lugares, é referida como a "Invasão de Goa". Após o fim do domínio português em 1961, Goa foi colocada sob administração militar chefiada por . Em 8 de junho de 1962, o governo militar foi substituído pelo governo civil quando o governador indicou um Conselho Consultivo informal de 29 membros nomeados para auxiliá-lo na administração do território. A "ação armada" foi chamada de Operação Vijay (que significa "Vitória") pelas Forças Armadas da Índia e envolveu ataques aéreos, marítimos e terrestres por mais de 36 horas. O conflito durou três dias, e vinte e dois indianos e trinta portugueses foram mortos nos combates. Na Índia, a ação foi vista como uma libertação do território historicamente indiano, enquanto Portugal a considerou como uma agressão contra o solo nacional e seus cidadãos. A intervenção representou uma vitória decisiva para a Índia e acabou com o domínio português de mais de 451 anos em Goa, Damão, Diu, Gogolá, Simbor e na ilha de Anjediva. (pt) 1961年果阿并入印度指的是1961年印度軍隊為結束葡萄牙對葡屬印度之統治而採取的一次行動。印度從陸海空三面攻擊持續長達36個小時，最終取得決定性勝利，並終結了果阿長達451年的葡萄牙殖民統治，22名印度人與30名葡萄牙人在此次交戰中喪生。這場衝突雖短，卻在世界範圍內引起了毀譽兩極的反映。印度視其為對印度歷史領土的收復，而葡萄牙則視之為對自己國土的侵犯，兩國因此斷交，直到1974年康乃馨革命後才改善。 印度將這場軍事行動稱爲「勝利作戰行動」（ऑपरेशन विजय）、「解放果阿」（गोवा की मुक्ति）；葡萄牙稱「果阿侵略」（Invasão de Goa）。 (zh) Індійська Анексія Гоа 1961 року (англ. Indian Annexation of Goa) (також вторгнення в Гоа) — акція збройних сил Індії, яка поклала край 451-річному португальському колоніальному правлінню Індією. Тривала 36 годин. Загинули 22 індійці та 30 португальців. (uk) |
| dbo:causalties | 22 killed |
| dbo:combatant | Portugal |
| dbo:date | 1961-12-19 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:result | Indian victory |
| dbo:strength | 1destroyer 1frigate 1light aircraft carrier 20Canberramedium bombers 2cruisers 3 inshorepatrol boats 3,500 military personnel 45,000infantry 4Mystèrefighter-bombers 4minesweepers 6Huntermulti-role aircraft 6Toofanifighter-bombers 6Vampirefighters 8frigates |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/IN-GDD.svg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://www.revistas.usp.br/viaatlantica/article/view/119337 http://www.persee.fr/doc/luso_1257-0273_2000_num_7_1_1381 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=uPx4vb99RUoC https://web.archive.org/web/20070713132416/http:/www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,827139,00.html https://web.archive.org/web/20070902030916/http:/www.kamat.org/picture.asp%3FName=16338.jpg https://web.archive.org/web/20071012221443/http:/bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/Images-1961.html https://web.archive.org/web/20071130070445/http:/www.kamat.org/picture.asp%3FName=16334.jpg https://web.archive.org/web/20071130122710/http:/www.kamat.org/picture.asp%3FName=16333.jpg https://web.archive.org/web/20090619092549/http:/meaindia.nic.in/foreignrelation/portugal.pdf http://goabooks2.blogspot.com/2007/01/remembering-fall-of-portuguese-india.html |
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| dbp:caption | Location of the Union Territory of Daman and Diu and state of Goa in present-day India (en) |
| dbp:casualties | 22 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:casus | After Indian Independence from the United Kingdom and the subsequent Partition of India and Pakistan, pockets in the Konkan region known as "Portuguese India" were among the last colonies in Asia. They included the areas of Goa, Damaon, Silvassa, Diu, and as well as the Anjidiva Island on the west coast of the Indian peninsula. India claimed the Portuguese territories by military power means after the Salazar dictatorship of Portugal refused to leave. (en) |
| dbp:combatant | Portugal (en) |
| dbp:conflict | Annexation of Goa (en) |
| dbp:date | 0001-12-19 (xsd:gMonthDay) (en) |
| dbp:imageSize | 300 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:result | Indian victory (en) |
| dbp:strength | 1 (xsd:integer) 2 (xsd:integer) 3 (xsd:integer) 4 (xsd:integer) 6 (xsd:integer) 8 (xsd:integer) 20 (xsd:integer) 3500 (xsd:integer) 45000 (xsd:integer) |
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| rdfs:comment | Invaze do Goy (v Indii označováno jako osvobození Goy) byl útok armády Indické republiky proti portugalským državám v Indii 17. až 19. prosince 1961. Střet si vyžádal 22 mrtvých Indů a 30 mrtvých Portugalců a skončil vítězstvím Indie a připojením portugalských držav k Indii. Indickou invazí skončila 451 let dlouhá historie portugalských kolonií v Indii. Indové tuto invazi označili krycím jménem operace Vijay („vítězství“). (cs) Goaren deskolonizazioa, baita ere Goaren Inbasioa eta Goaren Askapena, India estatuak Goa lurraldean aurrera eraman zuen Portugalen aurkako gerra laburra izan zen. 1961ko abenduaren 18tik 19ra, Indiako armadak Portugalek azpikontinentean zituen lurrak okupatu zituen. Eraso horrekin indiarren okupazioaren aurka burututako protesten historia luzea amaitu zen. (eu) 1961년 고아 병합 혹은 비자이 작전, 고아 침공은 인도 공화국이 포르투갈의 식민지로 마지막까지 남은 포르투갈령 인도 지역인 현재의 고아 주와 다만 디우를 병합한 사건이다. 이 교전 중 인도인 22명과 포르투갈인 30명이 전사했다. (ko) 1961年果阿并入印度指的是1961年印度軍隊為結束葡萄牙對葡屬印度之統治而採取的一次行動。印度從陸海空三面攻擊持續長達36個小時，最終取得決定性勝利，並終結了果阿長達451年的葡萄牙殖民統治，22名印度人與30名葡萄牙人在此次交戰中喪生。這場衝突雖短，卻在世界範圍內引起了毀譽兩極的反映。印度視其為對印度歷史領土的收復，而葡萄牙則視之為對自己國土的侵犯，兩國因此斷交，直到1974年康乃馨革命後才改善。 印度將這場軍事行動稱爲「勝利作戰行動」（ऑपरेशन विजय）、「解放果阿」（गोवा की मुक्ति）；葡萄牙稱「果阿侵略」（Invasão de Goa）。 (zh) Індійська Анексія Гоа 1961 року (англ. Indian Annexation of Goa) (також вторгнення в Гоа) — акція збройних сил Індії, яка поклала край 451-річному португальському колоніальному правлінню Індією. Тривала 36 годин. Загинули 22 індійці та 30 португальців. (uk) حرب غوا وهي حرب نشبت بين الهند و البرتغال من أجل القضاء على الاحتلال البرتغالي لمستعمرة غوا وألتي كانت تحد الهند من كل الجهات وكانت هذه المستعمرة البرتغالية الباقية في شبه قارة الهند بعد أن قامت بريطانيا باستعمار الهند، وبعد استقلال الهند سنة 1947 بدأت تطالب البرتغال بتسليمها لمستعمرة غوا وإنهاء الاحتلال هناك إلا أن الديكتاتور البرتغالي أنطونيو سالازار رفض ذلك عدة مرات، إلى أن قامت القوات المسلحة الهندية بمهاجمة المستعمرة في يوم 18 ديسمبر 1961 وانتهت الحرب بعد يوم واحد فقط (19 ديسمبر) بعد أن تمكنت الهند من السيطرة على غوا وإنهت إستعمار دام ل451 عام، وكانت حصيلة المعركة مقتل 62 شخص من الطرفين، وتعتبر هذه الحرب من أقصر الحروب في التاريخ. (ar) The Annexation of Goa was the process in which the Republic of India annexed Estado da Índia, the then Portuguese Indian territories of Goa, Daman and Diu, starting with the armed action carried out by the Indian Armed Forces in December 1961. In India, this action is referred to as the "Liberation of Goa". In Portugal, it is referred to as the "Invasion of Goa". Jawaharlal Nehru had hoped that the popular movement in Goa and the pressure of world public opinion would force the Portuguese Goan authorities to grant it independence but since it did not have any effect, he decided to take it by force. (en) La anexión de Goa (también llamada invasión de la India portuguesa, invasión de Goa, o liberación de Goa por las fuerzas indias) fue una invasión militar de la India contra Portugal, entre el 18 y 19 de diciembre de 1961. Con el nombre clave Operation Vijay (en hindi, विजय Vijay, lit. "Victoria"), la campaña militar, efectuada por las Fuerzas Armadas de India, terminó con 451 años de soberanía portuguesa en la zona de la península del Indostán, ya que también se produjo la expulsión lusa de Damán, Diu y Angediva. (es) Invasi Goa atau Aneksasi Goa adalah proses di mana Republik India membebaskan wilayah Goa, Daman dan Diu yang saat itu merupakan koloni Portugal, dimulai dengan aksi bersenjata yang dilakukan oleh Angkatan Bersenjata India pada bulan Desember 1961. Di India, aksi ini disebut sebagai Pembebasan Goa. Sementara di Portugal, aksi ini disebut sebagai Invasi Goa. (in) L'annessione indiana di Goa del 1961 (indicata anche come invasione di Goa o liberazione di Goa da parte indiana, oppure anche caduta dell'India portoghese), fu un intervento delle forze armate indiane che concluse il dominio portoghese nelle enclavi in India. (it) L'Invasion de Goa (surnommée Opération Vijay par l'Inde) est le nom donné à l'offensive lancée en 1961 par les forces armées indiennes sur les restes de l'empire colonial portugais en Inde, appelé Estado da India, et qui a conduit à la conquête du territoire de Goa, de Damao, de Diu et de l'île Anjidiv. Elle a débuté par les opérations armées menées par les forces armées indiennes en décembre 1961. En Inde, ces opérations sont appelées la "Libération de Goa". Jawaharlal Nehru avait espéré que le mouvement populaire à Goa et la pression de l'opinion publique mondiale obligeraient les autorités portugaises de Goa à lui accorder l'indépendance mais ces pressions n'ont pas eu l'effet escompté. Face à la volonté portugaise de conserver leur colonie, il a pris la décision de la libérer militaire (fr) Anexação de Goa foi o processo no qual a União Indiana anexou os antigos territórios do Estado Português da Índia de Goa, Damão e Diu, começando com uma intervenção militar realizada pelas Forças Armadas da Índia em dezembro de 1961. Na Índia, esta ação é referida como a "Libertação de Goa". Em Portugal e em outros lugares, é referida como a "Invasão de Goa". Após o fim do domínio português em 1961, Goa foi colocada sob administração militar chefiada por . Em 8 de junho de 1962, o governo militar foi substituído pelo governo civil quando o governador indicou um Conselho Consultivo informal de 29 membros nomeados para auxiliá-lo na administração do território. (pt) Индийская аннексия Гоа в 1961 году (англ. Indian annexation of Goa) (также называемая вторжением в Гоа, освобождением Гоа и падением португальской Индии) — акция вооружённых сил Индии, положившая конец португальскому правлению в эксклавах на территории индийского субконтинента в 1961 году. Вооружённая акция под кодовым названием «операция Виджай» (хинди विजय, букв. «победа») (название дано правительством Индии) продолжалась 36 часов, удары наносились с воздуха, моря и наземными силами и привела к решительной победе Индии, положившей конец 451-летнему португальскому колониальному управлению Гоа. В ходе боёв погибли 22 индийца и 30 португальцев. Краткий конфликт вызвал различную реакцию в мире: от похвалы до осуждения. В Индии акция рассматривалась как освобождение исторической индийской тер (ru) Indiska annekteringen av Goa (också kallad Invasionen av Goa, Befrielsen av Goa av indiska styrkor, och Portugisiska Indiens fall), var en militär insats av Indiens väpnade styrkor som avslutade Portugals styre av dess exklaver i Indien 1961. Den väpnade insatsen, med kodnamnet Operation Vijay (hindi: ऑपरेशन विजय, "Operation Victory") av den indiska regeringen, involverade luft, sjö och markattacker i över 36 timmar, och var en avgörande seger för Indien som avslutade 451 år av portugisiskt utomeuropeiskt provinsstyre i Goa. 22 indier och 30 portugiser dödades i striderna. Den korta konflikten drog en blandning av världsomspännande beröm och fördömande. I Indien har insatsen setts som en befrielse av ett historiskt indiskt territorium genom geografisk närhet, medan Portugal har sett det so (sv) |
| rdfs:label | Annexation of Goa (en) حرب غوا (ar) Invaze do Goy (cs) Anexión de Goa de 1961 (es) Goaren deskolonizazioa (1961) (eu) Invasi Goa (in) Invasion de Goa (fr) Annessione indiana di Goa (it) 1961년 고아 병합 (ko) Индийская аннексия Гоа (1961) (ru) Invasão de Goa (pt) Indiska annekteringen av Goa (sv) Анексія Гоа (uk) 1961年果阿并入印度 (zh) |
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