Peroz I (original) (raw)
بيروز الأول أو فيروز الأول وهو الملك الثامن عشر للإمبراطورية الساسانية، الذي حكم من 459 إلى 484. فيروز كان الابن الأكبر ليزدجرد الثاني (438-457).
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| dbo:abstract | بيروز الأول أو فيروز الأول وهو الملك الثامن عشر للإمبراطورية الساسانية، الذي حكم من 459 إلى 484. فيروز كان الابن الأكبر ليزدجرد الثاني (438-457). (ar) Péróz I. (novopersky Fírúz) byl perský velkokrál z rodu Sásánovců panující v letech 459–484. Jeho otcem byl král Jazdkart II., matkou královna . Péróz měl bratry Hormizda a Valgaše, z nichž první byl jeho předchůdcem a druhý nástupcem na trůně. (cs) Peroz I, (Peirozes, Priscus, fr. 33; Procop. Pers 1.3 i Agath. Iv. 27; la forma moderna del nom és Feroç, Firouz) va ser un emperador sassànida que va regnar del 457 al 484. Peroz I era fill de Yezdegerd II, el Clement (438 – 457). Es va rebel·lar contra el seu germà Hormizd III (457 – 459), que va succeir al seu pare com a Rei de reis. El 459, Peroz I va derrotar i va matar Hormizd III amb l'ajut dels heftalites (també anomenats huns blancs), que havien envaït Bactriana. A continuació va matar la major part de la seva família i va començar a perseguir les sectes cristianes. No obstant això, va permetre la difusió del nestorianisme, una branca del cristianisme diferent de la de l'Imperi Romà d'Orient. Peroz I va tractar de mantenir la pau amb l'Imperi Romà d'Orient i va aconseguir el seu objectiu. Per altra banda, va intentar detenir als heftalites que havien començat a conquerir l'est de l'Iran, però totes aquestes guerres van obtenir un resultat desastrós, malgrat que els romans li van fornir tropes. Peroz I va ser fet presoner i va haver de lliurar al seu fill Kavadh I durant tres anys, com a ostatge als heftalites, abans de poder pagar la forta suma que li demanaven pel seu rescat. Una vegada que Kavadh va ser alliberat, Peroz I, va trencar el seu tractat amb els heftalites i va intentar atacar-los amb una gran armada, però aquesta es va perdre pel desert oriental, essent dissolta l'any 484. Els heftalites van envair i saquejar Pèrsia durant dos anys. Un noble persa, procedent d'una antiga família de Karen Zarmihr (o Sokhra), va restablir l'ordre i va ajudar a Valash (484 – 488), un dels germans de Peroz I, a pujar al tron. (ca) Pērōz (persisch پیروز Pīrūz [piːˈruːz]) war ein persischer Großkönig. Er regierte das spätantike persische Sassanidenreich von 459 bis 484 (vielleicht schon ab 457). Peroz (der manchmal auch als Peroz I. gilt, da es später noch den regional herrschenden Sasanidenkönig Peroz II. und einen Thronprätendenten dieses Namens gab) bestieg den Thron nach einer wohl zweijährigen Auseinandersetzung mit seinem Konkurrenten und Bruder Hormizd III., wobei eventuell nicht Peroz, sondern Hormizd der Herausforderer war. Die Herrschaft des Peroz gilt gemeinhin als eine Zeit der schweren Krise und sein Bild in der Überlieferung trägt sehr widersprüchliche Züge. Die Quellen attestieren dem König in Hinblick auf eine katastrophale mehrjährige Dürre- und Hungerkatastrophe gelungene Maßnahmen. Des Weiteren sind unter anderem mehrere Städtegründungen belegt. Auf anderen Gebieten agierte der König jedoch eher unglücklich. Mit dem Oströmischen Reich, das in dieser Zeit selbst mit erheblichen Problemen zu kämpfen hatte, konnte Frieden gehalten werden, doch verweigerten die Römer mehrmals Zahlungsaufforderungen hinsichtlich der Sicherung der Kaukasuspässe gegen nomadische Angreifer. In Persarmenien kam es zudem (wohl 482) zu einem Aufstand gegen die Perser. Sehr viel schwerwiegender erwies sich die Lage an der Nordostgrenze des Sassanidenreichs. Peroz musste sich mehrfach militärisch mit Gruppen der „iranischen Hunnen“ auseinandersetzen. Bei seinen Gegnern scheint es sich um zwei unterschiedliche Gruppen gehandelt zu haben. In Frage kommen für die frühe Phase der Kämpfe die Kidariten, die Peroz angeblich 467 schlagen konnte. 474 scheint Peroz dann jedoch in Kämpfe mit den Hephthaliten verwickelt worden zu sein, die nun in Baktrien herrschten und dem König eine demütigende Niederlage bescherten; Peroz geriet selbst in Gefangenschaft und musste sich freikaufen. 484 fand in Gundischapur eine Synode der Assyrischen Kirche des Ostens statt, wobei Lehren des Nestorius übernommen wurden und sich die Assyrische Kirche damit von der Kirche im Römischen Reich abgrenzte. Gegenüber Teilen der jüdischen Gemeinde in Persien ging der König hart vor. Im Jahr 484 brach Peroz den Friedensvertrag und griff die Hephthaliten erneut an. Der Feldzug endete in einer Katastrophe: Die Hephthaliten hatten auf dem Schlachtfeld (bei Baktra?) ein verstecktes Grabensystem angelegt, und als der König und seine Panzerreiter angriffen, stürzten sie in die Gräben und kamen ums Leben. Zusammen mit Peroz starben auch die meisten seiner Brüder und Söhne. Mischa Meier nimmt neuerdings an, dass Peroz mit seiner Offensive verhindern wollte, dass sich führerlose Hunnengruppen des aufgelösten Attilareichs im nordpontischen Raum mit den Hephthaliten verbinden konnten. Dieser spektakuläre Tod eines Perserkönigs im Kampf mit äußeren Feinden fand großen Nachhall in den Quellen (z. B. Prokopios von Caesarea oder Tabari). Peroz' Ende stürzte das Sassanidenreich in die schwerste Krise seiner langen Geschichte. Sein Bruder Balasch wurde vom Adel auf den Thron gehoben, geriet aber bald in einen Bürgerkrieg mit seinem Neffen Kavadh I. (de) Ο Περόζης Α΄ (... - 484) ήταν ο 17ος βασιλιάς της Περσίας από την δυναστεία των Σασσανιδών, που βασίλευσε μεταξύ 457 και 484. Ήταν ο μεγαλύτερος γιος του βασιλιά της Περσίας Ισδεγέρδη Β'. Όταν πέθανε ο πατέρας του το 457, σφετερίστηκε τον θρόνο ο μικρότερος αδελφός του Ορμίσδας. Ο Περόζης Α΄ τον ανέτρεψε την ίδια χρονιά με την βοήθεια των Εφθαλιτών Ούννων. Από εκεί και πέρα οι πληροφορίες διίστανται: κατ´άλλους τον εκτέλεσε, ενώ κατ´άλλους τον συγχώρησε. Ήταν οπαδός του Νεστοριανισμού· ήταν λαμπρός βασιλιάς και πήρε το προσωνύμιο ισχυρός. Ο εμφύλιος πόλεμος με τον αδελφό του είχε ως αποτέλεσμα την εξασθένιση του βασιλείου. Όταν μία επαρχία, η Ιβηρική Αλβανία, μετά από εξέγερση ανεξαρτητοποιήθηκε, ο Περόζης Α΄ κατέπνιξε την εξέγερση (457) και στην συνέχεια χάλασαν οι σχέσεις του με τους Εφθαλίτες Ούννους. Την περίοδο (464 - 471) υπήρχε στην Περσία απίστευτη πείνα με καταστροφή όλων των καλλιεργειών και τον θάνατο μεγάλου αριθμού ανθρώπων. Ο Περόζης Α΄ αντιμετώπισε το δράμα με απίστευτη ψυχραιμία, που είχε ως αποτέλεσμα να κατορθώσει, μετά το τέλος της καταστρεπτικής επταετίας, ταχύτατη ανάπτυξη για τη χώρα του. Στη συνέχεια -με αφορμή μια προσβολή- κήρυξε τον πόλεμο στους πρώην συμμάχους του Εφθαλίτες· τελικά ηττήθηκε και αναγκάστηκε να δώσει όμηρο τον γιο και διάδοχό του Καβάδη Α', που απελευθερώθηκε όταν κατέβαλε τα λύτρα. Στη συνέχεια αντιμετώπισε συνεχείς επαναστάσεις: η Ιβηρία και η Αρμενία κήρυξαν και οι δύο την ανεξαρτησία τους, αλλά ο Περόζης κατέπνιξε τις επαναστάσεις με επιτυχία. Στο τέλος της ζωής του αποφάσισε να αντιμετωπίσει οριστικά το πρόβλημα των Εφθαλιτών. Συγκεντρώνοντας 50.000 - 100.000 στρατό, επιτέθηκε στους Εφθαλίτες Ούννους, απορρίπτοντας όλες τις προτάσεις ειρήνης του αρχηγού τους Χουσού - Νεβάζ· ωστόσο στη μάχη του Χεράτ (484) γνώρισε μεγάλη συντριβή. Ο ίδιος σκοτώθηκε και τον διαδέχθηκε ο αδελφός του Βάλας. (el) Peroz I (Peirozes, Priscus, fr. 33; Procop. Pers 1.3 y Agath. Iv. 27; la forma moderna del nombre es Feroz, Firouz) fue un emperador sasánida que reinó de 457 a 484. Peroz I era hijo de Yazdegerd II (438-457). Se rebeló contra su hermano Hormizd III (457-459), que sucedió a su padre en tanto que rey de reyes. En 459, Peroz I derrotó y mató a Hormizd III con la ayuda de los heftalitas (llamados también hunos blancos), que habían invadido Bactriana. A continuación mató a la mayor parte de su familia y empezó a perseguir a las sectas cristianas. Sin embargo, permitió la difusión del Nestorianismo, una rama del cristianismo diferente a la del Imperio bizantino. Peroz I trató de mantener la paz con el Imperio bizantino y consiguió su objetivo. Por otra parte, intentó detener a los heftalitas que habían empezado a conquistar el este del Irán. Los romanos le apoyaron para defender el Cáucaso, pero todas estas guerras obtuvieron un resultado desastroso. (es) Péroz Ier (Pirooz, Peirozes, Perozes) est un empereur sassanide d'Iran ayant régné de 457 à 484. (fr) Peroz I (Middle Persian: 𐭯𐭩𐭫𐭥𐭰, romanized: Pērōz) was the Sasanian King of Kings (shahanshah) of Iran from 459 to 484. A son of Yazdegerd II (r. 438–457), he disputed the rule of his elder brother and incumbent king Hormizd III (r. 457–459), eventually seizing the throne after a two-year struggle. His reign was marked by war and famine. Early in his reign, he successfully quelled a rebellion in Caucasian Albania in the west, and put an end to the Kidarites in the east, briefly expanding Sasanian rule into Tokharistan, where he issued gold coins with his likeness at Balkh. Simultaneously, Iran was suffering from a seven-year famine. He soon clashed with the former subjects of the Kidarites, the Hephthalites, who possibly had previously helped him to gain his throne. He was defeated and captured twice by the Hephthalites and lost his recently acquired possessions. In 482, revolts broke out in the western provinces of Armenia and Iberia, led by Vahan Mamikonian and Vakhtang I respectively. Before Peroz could quell the unrest there, he was defeated and killed in his third war with the Hephthalites in 484, who seized the main Sasanian cities of the eastern region of Khorasan−Nishapur, Herat and Marw. Taking advantage of the weakened Sasanian authority in the east, the Nezak Huns subsequently seized the region of Zabulistan. Peroz was the last shahanshah to mint unique gold coins in the Indian region of Sindh, which indicates that the region was lost around the same period. Albeit a devout Zoroastrian, Peroz supported the newly established Christian sect of Nestorianism, and just before his death, it was declared the official doctrine of the Iranian church. Peroz's wars against the Hephthalites have been described as "foolhardy" in both contemporary and modern historiography. His defeat and death introduced a period of political, social and religious tumult. The empire reached its lowest ebb; the shahanshah was now a client of the Hephthalites and was compelled to pay tribute, while the nobility and clergy exerted great influence and authority over the nation, being able to act as king-makers. The magnates—most notably Sukhra and Shapur Mihran—elected Peroz's brother, Balash, as the new shahanshah. Order would first be restored under Peroz's son Kavad I (r. 488–496, 498/9–531), who reformed the empire and defeated the Hephthalites, reconquering Khorasan. By 560, Peroz had been avenged by his grandson Khosrow I (r. 531–579), who in collaboration with the First Turkic Khaganate, destroyed the Hephthalites. (en) Peroz I (Pirooz, Peirozes, Priscus, fr. 33; Perozes, Procop. Pers. I. 3 and Agath. iv. 27; bentuk modern nama ini adalah Perooz, Piruz, atau Arabisasi Ferooz, Firuz; Persia: پیروز ), adalah Raja Sassania Persia ke-17 yang berkuasa dari tahun 457 hingga 484. Peroz I merupakan putra tertua dari (438–457). (in) Peroz I, italianizzato in Peroze (in persiano: پیروز, "il vincitore" (... – 484), fu re dei re dell'impero sasanide dal 459 alla sua morte. Figlio di Yazdgard II (regnante dal 438 al 457), contestò il governo di suo fratello maggiore e re legittimo Ormisda III (r. 457-459), assicurandosi alla fine il trono dopo due anni di lotta. Il suo dominio fu segnato da guerre e carestie; agli albori del suo regno, represse con successo una ribellione esplosa in Albania caucasica a ovest e sottomise le tribù dei Kidariti a est, espandendo brevemente il dominio sasanide nel Tokaristan, dove la zecca di Balkh coniò delle monete d'oro con la sua effigie. Nel medesimo frangente, nell'odierno Iran si verificò una carestia che perdurò per sette anni e che causò gravi disagi alla popolazione. In campo bellico, gli scontri principali riguardarono gli antichi sudditi dei Kidariti, gli Eftaliti, che forse lo avevano in passato aiutato a insediarsi sul trono. Sconfitto e catturato due volte dagli Eftaliti, perse tutti i territori recentemente acquisiti. Nel 482 si verificarono delle insurrezioni nelle province occidentali dell'Armenia e Iberia, amministrate rispettivamente da Vahan Mamikonian e Vakhtang I. Prima che Peroz potesse sedare i disordini locali, fu sconfitto e ucciso nel terzo conflitto che combatté contro gli Eftaliti nel 484, i quali si impadronirono delle principali città sasanidi localizzate nelle regioni orientali del Khorasan e di Nishapur, ovvero Herat e Marw. Approfittando dell'indebolita autorità sasanide a est, gli Unni Nezak si insediarono stabilmente nella regione dello Zabulistan. Peroz fu l'ultimo shahanshah (re dei re) a coniare monete auree che riportavano l'effigie di un sovrano sasanide nella regione indiana del Sindh, circostanza la quale implica che la regione finì perduta intorno allo stesso periodo. Sebbene fosse un devoto zoroastriano, Peroz sostenne la nuova setta cristiana del nestorianesimo e, poco prima della sua morte, essa fu dichiarata dottrina ufficiale della Chiesa d'Oriente. Le guerre di Peroz contro gli Eftaliti sono state ritenute «futili» sia dalla storiografia dell'epoca che da quella moderna. La sua sconfitta e la sua morte condussero a un periodo di tumulti dal punto di vista politico, sociale e religioso. Fu proprio durante le fasi finali del suo mandato che l'impero toccò il punto di declino massimo mai vissuto dalla sua fondazione. Lo shahanshah appariva infatti ridotto alla mercé degli Eftaliti e risultava costretto a rendergli omaggio, mentre la nobiltà e il clero esercitarono una grande influenza e autorità nella politica statale, con il risultato che vari sovrani salirono al potere proprio per loro volontà. Gli aristocratici più potenti, in particolare Sukhra e Sapore Mihran, elessero il fratello di Peroz, Balash, come nuovo re dei re. L'ordine tornò a regnare per la prima volta sotto il figlio di Peroz Kavad I (r. 488-496; 498/499-531), che riformò l'impero e sconfisse gli Eftaliti, riprendendo possesso di Khorasan. Nel 560 Peroz venne vendicato da suo nipote Cosroe I (r. 531-579), che in collaborazione con il khaganato turco causò il declino definitivo degli Eftaliti. (it) 페로즈 1세(영어: Peroz I, 페르시아어: پیروز "the Victor", ? - 484년)는 사산 왕조 페르시아 제국의 샤이다. Pirooz, Peirozes, Priscus, Perooz, Piruz 등으로 표기되기도 한다. 야즈데게르드 2세의 장남이다. 네스토리우스파의 지지자였으며, 칼케돈 공의회를 박해하였다. 역사가들은 페로즈를 두려움이 없는 군주로 보았으며, Peroz the Victorious 라는 별칭을 부여하였다. (ko) Peroz was een sjah van de Sassaniden, een dynastie die van de 3e eeuw tot 651 over het gebied dat nu Iran is heerste. Peroz was de negentiende sjah van de Sassaniden, zijn voorganger was Hormazd III en zijn opvolger Valash. Nadat zijn vader, sjah Yazdagird II, stierf in 457, vocht Peroz met zijn broer Hormazd III een successieoorlog uit, die hij in 459 won. Peroz heerste daarna over het Perzische Rijk tot 484. Sjahansjahs van Perzië (Iran) (nl) ペーローズ1世（パフラヴィー語: 𐭯𐭩𐭫𐭥𐭰, ペルシア語: پیروز, ラテン文字転写: Pērōz）は、サーサーン朝の君主（シャーハーン・シャー）である（在位：459年 - 484年）。 ペーローズ1世は父親のヤズデギルド2世の死後に王位を宣言した兄弟のホルミズド3世と後継者の地位を争い、二年に及んだ内戦の末にホルミズド3世を倒して王位を獲得した。治世の初期には大規模な飢饉に見舞われた一方で、コーカサス地方の従属勢力であるアルバニア王国が内戦中に起こしていた反乱を協定を結ぶことで収拾した。さらに、466年にはシャープール2世の治世以来東方で勢力を争っていたをエフタルと協力して放逐することに成功し、一時的にトハーリスターンの支配を回復した。 しかし、その後ペーローズ1世はエフタルと対立し、二度にわたって戦争を起こしたものの、二度とも敗れて捕虜となり、解放と引き換えに身代金の支払いを余儀なくされた。482年にはコーカサス地方のアルメニアとにおいてそれぞれとヴァフタング1世に率いられた反乱が起こった。最終的にペーローズ1世は反乱を鎮圧できないままエフタルに対する三度目の戦争に敗れ、484年に戦死した。 ペーローズ1世によるエフタルとの戦いは当時と現代の双方の歴史家から無謀と評され、その敗北と死はサーサーン朝に政治的、社会的、そして宗教的な混乱期を招いた。帝国は衰運を極め、エフタルに対しては貢納金の支払いを余儀なくされた。さらに帝国の貴族と聖職者が政治を牛耳り、国家に対し大きな影響力と権力を振るうようになった。しかし、サーサーン朝はペーローズ1世の息子であるカワード1世の下で改革を推進し、エフタルからホラーサーンの支配を取り戻すと、最終的に孫のホスロー1世の治世において突厥との協力によってエフタルを滅ぼすことに成功した。 ペーローズ1世はインドのシンド地方で自身の名の金貨を鋳造した最後のシャーハーン・シャーであり、同時期にこの地方の支配がサーサーン朝から失われたことを示している。また、ペーローズ1世は他のサーサーン朝の支配者たちと同様にゾロアスター教を信奉していたが、キリスト教に関しては当時の新しい宗派であるネストリウス派を支持し、ネストリウス派は死の直前の時期にジュンディーシャープールで開かれた教会会議においてペルシア教会の公式の教義として採用された。 (ja) Perouz I var en persisk kung av den sassanidiska ätten. Han var son till Denag. Han regerade mellan 457 och 484. (sv) Перо́з (Фируз) I (пехл. 𐭯𐭩𐭫𐭥𐭰) — шахиншах «царь царей» Ирана, правил в 461/462 — 484 годах. Из династии Сасанидов. Сын Йездигерда II и Денак. (ru) Perozes I ou Peroz I (? - 484) foi um xá sassânida (em persa: ساسانیان). Reinou de 459 até 484, foi antecedido por Hormisda III e sucedido por Balas. (pt) 卑路斯一世（中古波斯語：𐭯𐭩𐭫𐭥𐭰，羅馬化：Pērōz）伊朗萨珊王朝之王（459年－484年在位），伊嗣俟二世之子, 在位期間伊朗戰事與飢荒頻發。卑路斯本人是虔诚的祆教徒，但他仍支持基督教新支派景教的建立，並在去世前宣布其為波斯東方教會的官方教義。 卑路斯一世在擊敗其兄荷姆茲三世登基後，成功地平息了高加索阿爾巴尼亞王國的叛乱。他接著吞併了西方寄多羅人的領土, 得以短暫控制巴克特里亞地區（即吐火罗），並在巴尔赫发行印有他頭像的金币。然而自474年始，卑路斯一世與曾為同盟的嚈哒人在巴克特里亞反覆交戰。卑路斯共被嚈哒人俘虏過兩次，此时伊朗本土剛經歷長期的饥荒，高昂的贖金與災情使國庫陷入空虛。 482年，瓦爾丹·馬米科尼揚以及分別在亞美尼亞與伊比利亞地區起兵，尚未來得及平息兩地的动乱，卑路斯即在兩年後，484年與嚈哒人的第三次戰事中陣亡。 國王的戰死使薩珊王朝領土驟減，內沙布爾、赫拉特和梅爾夫等呼羅珊东部的幾座主要城市被嚈哒人所控制。匈那人的一支則佔據了地区。由於卑路斯一世亦是最後一位在印度信德省發行金幣的薩珊國王，推測該地亦在此時脫離了薩珊朝的控制。 當代或现代史学紀錄中，多批評卑路斯一世與嚈哒人交战一事“愚蠢”。他的敗死使薩珊波斯進入了一段政治、社会和宗教全方位的動盪期。薩珊朝被迫向嚈哒人進貢，同時贵族和神職人员的影響力大增。權臣、把持了朝政，他們擁立卑路斯之弟巴拉什即位，不久後又嫌棄巴拉什軟弱，改立卑路斯的兒子卡瓦德一世為魁儡。卡瓦德成年後重新奪權，中興帝国並擊敗了嚈哒人，重新征服呼羅珊。560年，卑路斯之孫霍斯勞一世与突厥汗國合作，摧毁了嚈哒人的勢力。 (zh) Пероз, Пероз Еком, Пероз I (перс. پیروز یکم — «Переможець») — 17-й шахиншах з династії Сасанідів (459–484), старший син Єздигерда II. Вступив на престол, перемігши за допомогою гунів свого брата Ормізда III. (uk) |
| dbo:activeYearsEndYear | 0484-01-01 (xsd:gYear) |
| dbo:activeYearsStartYear | 0459-01-01 (xsd:gYear) |
| dbo:child | dbr:Jamasp dbr:Sambice dbr:Kavad_I dbr:Perozdukht |
| dbo:parent | dbr:Denag dbr:Yazdegerd_II |
| dbo:predecessor | dbr:Hormizd_III |
| dbo:successor | dbr:Balash |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/PerozICroppedCoinHistoryofIran.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:title | King of Kings of Iran and non-Iran (en) |
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| dbp:authorLink | Richard N. Frye (en) Touraj Daryaee (en) Robert H. Hewsen (en) |
| dbp:caption | Silver drachma of Peroz I, Darabgerd mint (en) |
| dbp:chapter | Jews in Iran (en) The Political History of Iran under the Sasanians (en) |
| dbp:chapterUrl | https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521200929.006 |
| dbp:deathDate | 484 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:deathPlace | Near Balkh (en) |
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| dbp:first | Jacob (en) Klaus (en) M. L. (en) Levon (en) Thea (en) Touraj (en) K. (en) Arash (en) A. Shapur (en) Nikolaus (en) Robert H. (en) Richard N. (en) |
| dbp:issue | dbr:Jamasp dbr:Sambice dbr:Kavad_I dbr:Perozdukht |
| dbp:last | Frye (en) Chaumont (en) Shahbazi (en) Daryaee (en) Avdoyan (en) Schippmann (en) Zeini (en) Hewsen (en) Chkeidze (en) Schindel (en) Neusner (en) |
| dbp:mother | dbr:Denag |
| dbp:name | Peroz I (en) (en) |
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| dbp:royalHouse | dbr:House_of_Sasan |
| dbp:succession | King of the Sasanian Empire (en) |
| dbp:successor | dbr:Balash |
| dbp:title | dbr:King_of_Kings_of_Iran_and_non-Iran Albania (en) Sasanian dynasty (en) Avarayr, Battle of (en) King of Kings of Iran and non-Iran (en) Armenia and Iran ii. The pre-Islamic period (en) Kawād I i. Reign (en) Avarayr (en) Hormozd III (en) Peroz (en) Balāš (en) Fīrūz (en) Georgia v. Linguistic Contacts with Iranian Languages (en) Mehr-Narseh (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | بيروز الأول أو فيروز الأول وهو الملك الثامن عشر للإمبراطورية الساسانية، الذي حكم من 459 إلى 484. فيروز كان الابن الأكبر ليزدجرد الثاني (438-457). (ar) Péróz I. (novopersky Fírúz) byl perský velkokrál z rodu Sásánovců panující v letech 459–484. Jeho otcem byl král Jazdkart II., matkou královna . Péróz měl bratry Hormizda a Valgaše, z nichž první byl jeho předchůdcem a druhý nástupcem na trůně. (cs) Péroz Ier (Pirooz, Peirozes, Perozes) est un empereur sassanide d'Iran ayant régné de 457 à 484. (fr) Peroz I (Pirooz, Peirozes, Priscus, fr. 33; Perozes, Procop. Pers. I. 3 and Agath. iv. 27; bentuk modern nama ini adalah Perooz, Piruz, atau Arabisasi Ferooz, Firuz; Persia: پیروز ), adalah Raja Sassania Persia ke-17 yang berkuasa dari tahun 457 hingga 484. Peroz I merupakan putra tertua dari (438–457). (in) 페로즈 1세(영어: Peroz I, 페르시아어: پیروز "the Victor", ? - 484년)는 사산 왕조 페르시아 제국의 샤이다. Pirooz, Peirozes, Priscus, Perooz, Piruz 등으로 표기되기도 한다. 야즈데게르드 2세의 장남이다. 네스토리우스파의 지지자였으며, 칼케돈 공의회를 박해하였다. 역사가들은 페로즈를 두려움이 없는 군주로 보았으며, Peroz the Victorious 라는 별칭을 부여하였다. (ko) Peroz was een sjah van de Sassaniden, een dynastie die van de 3e eeuw tot 651 over het gebied dat nu Iran is heerste. Peroz was de negentiende sjah van de Sassaniden, zijn voorganger was Hormazd III en zijn opvolger Valash. Nadat zijn vader, sjah Yazdagird II, stierf in 457, vocht Peroz met zijn broer Hormazd III een successieoorlog uit, die hij in 459 won. Peroz heerste daarna over het Perzische Rijk tot 484. Sjahansjahs van Perzië (Iran) (nl) Perouz I var en persisk kung av den sassanidiska ätten. Han var son till Denag. Han regerade mellan 457 och 484. (sv) Перо́з (Фируз) I (пехл. 𐭯𐭩𐭫𐭥𐭰) — шахиншах «царь царей» Ирана, правил в 461/462 — 484 годах. Из династии Сасанидов. Сын Йездигерда II и Денак. (ru) Perozes I ou Peroz I (? - 484) foi um xá sassânida (em persa: ساسانیان). Reinou de 459 até 484, foi antecedido por Hormisda III e sucedido por Balas. (pt) Пероз, Пероз Еком, Пероз I (перс. پیروز یکم — «Переможець») — 17-й шахиншах з династії Сасанідів (459–484), старший син Єздигерда II. Вступив на престол, перемігши за допомогою гунів свого брата Ормізда III. (uk) Peroz I, (Peirozes, Priscus, fr. 33; Procop. Pers 1.3 i Agath. Iv. 27; la forma moderna del nom és Feroç, Firouz) va ser un emperador sassànida que va regnar del 457 al 484. Peroz I era fill de Yezdegerd II, el Clement (438 – 457). Es va rebel·lar contra el seu germà Hormizd III (457 – 459), que va succeir al seu pare com a Rei de reis. El 459, Peroz I va derrotar i va matar Hormizd III amb l'ajut dels heftalites (també anomenats huns blancs), que havien envaït Bactriana. A continuació va matar la major part de la seva família i va començar a perseguir les sectes cristianes. No obstant això, va permetre la difusió del nestorianisme, una branca del cristianisme diferent de la de l'Imperi Romà d'Orient. (ca) Pērōz (persisch پیروز Pīrūz [piːˈruːz]) war ein persischer Großkönig. Er regierte das spätantike persische Sassanidenreich von 459 bis 484 (vielleicht schon ab 457). Peroz (der manchmal auch als Peroz I. gilt, da es später noch den regional herrschenden Sasanidenkönig Peroz II. und einen Thronprätendenten dieses Namens gab) bestieg den Thron nach einer wohl zweijährigen Auseinandersetzung mit seinem Konkurrenten und Bruder Hormizd III., wobei eventuell nicht Peroz, sondern Hormizd der Herausforderer war. (de) Ο Περόζης Α΄ (... - 484) ήταν ο 17ος βασιλιάς της Περσίας από την δυναστεία των Σασσανιδών, που βασίλευσε μεταξύ 457 και 484. Ήταν ο μεγαλύτερος γιος του βασιλιά της Περσίας Ισδεγέρδη Β'. Όταν πέθανε ο πατέρας του το 457, σφετερίστηκε τον θρόνο ο μικρότερος αδελφός του Ορμίσδας. Ο Περόζης Α΄ τον ανέτρεψε την ίδια χρονιά με την βοήθεια των Εφθαλιτών Ούννων. Από εκεί και πέρα οι πληροφορίες διίστανται: κατ´άλλους τον εκτέλεσε, ενώ κατ´άλλους τον συγχώρησε. Ήταν οπαδός του Νεστοριανισμού· ήταν λαμπρός βασιλιάς και πήρε το προσωνύμιο ισχυρός. Ο εμφύλιος πόλεμος με τον αδελφό του είχε ως αποτέλεσμα την εξασθένιση του βασιλείου. Όταν μία επαρχία, η Ιβηρική Αλβανία, μετά από εξέγερση ανεξαρτητοποιήθηκε, ο Περόζης Α΄ κατέπνιξε την εξέγερση (457) και στην συνέχεια χάλασαν οι σχέσεις του με τους Εφθ (el) Peroz I (Peirozes, Priscus, fr. 33; Procop. Pers 1.3 y Agath. Iv. 27; la forma moderna del nombre es Feroz, Firouz) fue un emperador sasánida que reinó de 457 a 484. Peroz I era hijo de Yazdegerd II (438-457). Peroz I trató de mantener la paz con el Imperio bizantino y consiguió su objetivo. Por otra parte, intentó detener a los heftalitas que habían empezado a conquistar el este del Irán. Los romanos le apoyaron para defender el Cáucaso, pero todas estas guerras obtuvieron un resultado desastroso. (es) Peroz I (Middle Persian: 𐭯𐭩𐭫𐭥𐭰, romanized: Pērōz) was the Sasanian King of Kings (shahanshah) of Iran from 459 to 484. A son of Yazdegerd II (r. 438–457), he disputed the rule of his elder brother and incumbent king Hormizd III (r. 457–459), eventually seizing the throne after a two-year struggle. His reign was marked by war and famine. Early in his reign, he successfully quelled a rebellion in Caucasian Albania in the west, and put an end to the Kidarites in the east, briefly expanding Sasanian rule into Tokharistan, where he issued gold coins with his likeness at Balkh. Simultaneously, Iran was suffering from a seven-year famine. He soon clashed with the former subjects of the Kidarites, the Hephthalites, who possibly had previously helped him to gain his throne. He was defeated and (en) Peroz I, italianizzato in Peroze (in persiano: پیروز, "il vincitore" (... – 484), fu re dei re dell'impero sasanide dal 459 alla sua morte. Figlio di Yazdgard II (regnante dal 438 al 457), contestò il governo di suo fratello maggiore e re legittimo Ormisda III (r. 457-459), assicurandosi alla fine il trono dopo due anni di lotta. Il suo dominio fu segnato da guerre e carestie; agli albori del suo regno, represse con successo una ribellione esplosa in Albania caucasica a ovest e sottomise le tribù dei Kidariti a est, espandendo brevemente il dominio sasanide nel Tokaristan, dove la zecca di Balkh coniò delle monete d'oro con la sua effigie. Nel medesimo frangente, nell'odierno Iran si verificò una carestia che perdurò per sette anni e che causò gravi disagi alla popolazione. In campo bellic (it) ペーローズ1世（パフラヴィー語: 𐭯𐭩𐭫𐭥𐭰, ペルシア語: پیروز, ラテン文字転写: Pērōz）は、サーサーン朝の君主（シャーハーン・シャー）である（在位：459年 - 484年）。 ペーローズ1世は父親のヤズデギルド2世の死後に王位を宣言した兄弟のホルミズド3世と後継者の地位を争い、二年に及んだ内戦の末にホルミズド3世を倒して王位を獲得した。治世の初期には大規模な飢饉に見舞われた一方で、コーカサス地方の従属勢力であるアルバニア王国が内戦中に起こしていた反乱を協定を結ぶことで収拾した。さらに、466年にはシャープール2世の治世以来東方で勢力を争っていたをエフタルと協力して放逐することに成功し、一時的にトハーリスターンの支配を回復した。 しかし、その後ペーローズ1世はエフタルと対立し、二度にわたって戦争を起こしたものの、二度とも敗れて捕虜となり、解放と引き換えに身代金の支払いを余儀なくされた。482年にはコーカサス地方のアルメニアとにおいてそれぞれとヴァフタング1世に率いられた反乱が起こった。最終的にペーローズ1世は反乱を鎮圧できないままエフタルに対する三度目の戦争に敗れ、484年に戦死した。 (ja) 卑路斯一世（中古波斯語：𐭯𐭩𐭫𐭥𐭰，羅馬化：Pērōz）伊朗萨珊王朝之王（459年－484年在位），伊嗣俟二世之子, 在位期間伊朗戰事與飢荒頻發。卑路斯本人是虔诚的祆教徒，但他仍支持基督教新支派景教的建立，並在去世前宣布其為波斯東方教會的官方教義。 卑路斯一世在擊敗其兄荷姆茲三世登基後，成功地平息了高加索阿爾巴尼亞王國的叛乱。他接著吞併了西方寄多羅人的領土, 得以短暫控制巴克特里亞地區（即吐火罗），並在巴尔赫发行印有他頭像的金币。然而自474年始，卑路斯一世與曾為同盟的嚈哒人在巴克特里亞反覆交戰。卑路斯共被嚈哒人俘虏過兩次，此时伊朗本土剛經歷長期的饥荒，高昂的贖金與災情使國庫陷入空虛。 482年，瓦爾丹·馬米科尼揚以及分別在亞美尼亞與伊比利亞地區起兵，尚未來得及平息兩地的动乱，卑路斯即在兩年後，484年與嚈哒人的第三次戰事中陣亡。 國王的戰死使薩珊王朝領土驟減，內沙布爾、赫拉特和梅爾夫等呼羅珊东部的幾座主要城市被嚈哒人所控制。匈那人的一支則佔據了地区。由於卑路斯一世亦是最後一位在印度信德省發行金幣的薩珊國王，推測該地亦在此時脫離了薩珊朝的控制。 (zh) |
| rdfs:label | Peroz I (en) بيروز الأول (ar) Peroz I (ca) Péróz I. (cs) Peroz I. (de) Περόζης Α΄ της Περσίας (el) Peroz I (es) Peroz I (in) Péroz Ier (fr) Peroz I (it) 페로즈 1세 (ko) ペーローズ1世 (ja) Peroz (nl) Perozes I (pt) Пероз (ru) Perouz I (sv) 卑路斯一世 (zh) Пероз (uk) |
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| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Bolnisi.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Coin_of_Peroz_I_in_Tukharistan.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Hephthalites_coinage_imitating_Peroz_I_Late_5th_century_CE.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Kidarites_ruler_Kidara_Circa_425-457_CE.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Map_of_Persian_Armenia_and_its_surroundings.svg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/PerozICoinHistoryofIran.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/PerozICroppedCoinHistoryofIran.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Peroz_I_in_the_Chronology_of_Ancient_Nations.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Roman-Persian_Frontier,_5th_century.png wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Sasanian_Empire_in_the_mid_5th-century.svg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/The_Discomfiture_and_...ings)_of_Firdawsi_LACMA_M.73.5.23.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Perozi.jpg |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Peroz_I |
| foaf:name | Peroz I (en) |
| is dbo:child of | dbr:Denag dbr:Yazdegerd_II |
| is dbo:commander of | dbr:Hephthalite–Sasanian_War_of_484 dbr:Hephthalite–Sasanian_Wars |
| is dbo:parent of | dbr:Jamasp dbr:Kavad_I |
| is dbo:predecessor of | dbr:Balash |
| is dbo:relation of | dbr:Shapur_Mihran |
| is dbo:spouse of | dbr:Vache_II_of_Albania |
| is dbo:successor of | dbr:Hormizd_III |
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| is dbp:father of | dbr:Jamasp dbr:Kavad_I |
| is dbp:issue of | dbr:Denag dbr:Yazdegerd_II |
| is dbp:monarch of | dbr:Adhur_Gushnasp |
| is dbp:predecessor of | dbr:Balash |
| is dbp:relations of | dbr:Shapur_Mihran |
| is dbp:successor of | dbr:Hormizd_III |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Peroz_I |
