Pure Land Buddhism (original) (raw)
بوذية أميتابها والتي تعرف باسم بوذية الأرض الطاهرة Pure Land Buddhism أو الأميدية Amidism هي فرع من بوذية ماهايانا، وواحدة من أكثر فروع البوذية ممارسة في شرق آسيا، والذي يركز على مفاهيم وتعاليم أميتابها البوذية. لبوذية أميتابها ثلاثة نصوص مقدسة سوترا رئيسية وهي سوترا الحياة الأبدية و سوترا أميتابها و سوترا أميتايوردهيانا.
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| dbo:abstract | بوذية أميتابها والتي تعرف باسم بوذية الأرض الطاهرة Pure Land Buddhism أو الأميدية Amidism هي فرع من بوذية ماهايانا، وواحدة من أكثر فروع البوذية ممارسة في شرق آسيا، والذي يركز على مفاهيم وتعاليم أميتابها البوذية. لبوذية أميتابها ثلاثة نصوص مقدسة سوترا رئيسية وهي سوترا الحياة الأبدية و سوترا أميتابها و سوترا أميتايوردهيانا. (ar) Terra Pura (en xinés: 净土 Jìngtǔ) o País Pur és la més antiga de les sectes del budisme mahayana de la Xina. Fou fundada el 402 dC per Hui Yuan. La seua doctrina afirma que la vida està governada pel karma i la reencarnació, plena de tristesa i desil·lusió; l'alliberament s'aconsegueix solament per la fe en el buda Amitabha, i l'ésser humà no pot fer res per redimir-se. El buda Amitabha solament concedeix la redempció als qui invoquen el seu nom. (ca) Amitabha-Buddhismus ist eine Sammelbezeichnung für jene Schulen des Mahayana-Buddhismus, die sich auf den transzendenten Buddha Amitabha beziehen. Im 1./2. Jahrhundert in Indien entstanden, gelangte die Lehre ab dem 5. Jahrhundert nach China, wo sie den Namen Jingtu zong (chinesisch 淨土宗, Pinyin Jìngtǔ zōng, W.-G. Ching-t'u tsung – „Schule des Reinen Landes“) annahm. In Japan gründete Hōnen Shōnin (1172–1212) auf der Grundlage der „Reinen-Land-Lehre“ die Jōdo-shū. Aus dieser entwickelte sich die von Shinran Shōnin (1173–1263) gegründete Jōdo-Shinshū. Der Amitabha-Buddhismus wird oft auch Amidismus genannt – dies nach dem japanischen Wort Amida, das dem Sanskritwort Amitabha entspricht. Der Amidismus ist die einzige Richtung des Buddhismus, in der das Vertrauen in den überweltlichen Buddha Amitabha einen zentralen Stellenwert beansprucht – während der Glaube im Buddhismus sonst keine herausragende Rolle spielt. Im Amidismus steht das Vertrauen in die Allgüte Amitabhas (Amidas) und die Erwartung einer Wiedergeburt im Reinen Land (sanskr. Sukhavati; jap. Jōdo) im Vordergrund. Daher spricht man auch vom Reines-Land-Buddhismus. (de) Purlanda Budhismo (ĉine: 淨土宗, Jìngtǔzōng; japane 浄土仏教, Jōdo bukkyō; korea: 정토종, jeongtojong; vjetnama lingvo: Tịnh Độ Tông), konata ankaŭ kiel Amitabismo esperantlingve, estas vasta skolo de mahajana budhismo kaj unu el la plej praktikataj tradicioj de budhismo en Orienta Azio. La Pura Lando estas tradicio de budhisma instruado, kiuj koncernas la budhon Amitabo. La tri ĉefaj tekstoj de la tradicio, konataj kiel la "Tri Purlandaj Sutroj", estas la , la kaj la . La praktikoj kaj konceptoj koncernantaj la Puran Landon troviĝas en la baza kosmologio de mahajana budhismo kaj estas grava elemento de la mahajanaj tradicioj de Ĉinio, Japanio, Koreio, Vjetnamio, kaj Tibeto. La termino "Purlanda budhismo" referencas kaj al la soteriologio de mahajana budhismo, kiuj plej bone kompreniĝas kiel la "Purlandaj tradicioj" aŭ "Purlandaj instruado," kaj al la apartaj Purlandaj sektoj disvolviĝintaj en Japanio. (eo) Budismo de la Tierra Pura, también erróneamente llamado en ocasiones Amidismo, es una escuela del Budismo Mahayana y, junto con el Zen, una de las escuelas más populares del budismo en el este de Asia. El budismo de la Tierra Pura se centra en la fe al Buda Amitabha. El budismo de la Tierra Pura se encuentra frecuentemente en ramas más extendidas del budismo como son la Escuela Budista del Tiantai china o el budismo Shingon japonés. Sin embargo, el budismo de la Tierra Pura también es una escuela independiente como se ve en la escuelas japonesas Jodo Shu y Jōdo Shinshū. Por tanto, no hay una escuela de budismo de la Tierra Pura per se, sino un numeroso subconjunto de la rama Mahāyāna del budismo. La idea principal detrás del budismo de la Tierra Pura era la creencia de que el mundo budista estaba en deterioro y que el nirvana había llegado a ser cada vez más difícil de alcanzar por la gente común. Como consecuencia, en lugar de un trabajo meditativo con el objetivo de la Iluminación, el budismo de la Tierra Pura enseña que a través de la devoción al Buda Amitabha uno puede renacer en la Tierra Pura donde la iluminación está garantizada. El budismo de la Tierra Pura era popular entre los plebeyos y los monásticos ya que proporcionaba un sencillo método de expresar fe como seguidor budista. En el Japón medieval también fue popular entre los excluidos por la sociedad, tales como prostitutas y mendigos, a los que frecuentemente se les denegaban servicios espirituales por parte de la sociedad pero que podían encontrar práctica religiosa a través de la adoración al Buda Amitabha. Las tierras de Buda se consideran que igualmente están representadas en los Cuatro reinos superiores o nobles dentro del concepto de los diez reinos espirituales. (es) La Terre pure (ch. trad. : 淨土 ; ch. simp. : 净土 ; py : jìngtǔ ; jap. : jōdo ; viet. : Tịnh Độ), désigne l'univers occidental de la Béatitude (sk. Sukhāvatī « Bienheureuse » , ch. trad. : 西方極樂世界 ; py : Xīfāng jílè shìjiè ; jap. : 極樂 (Gokuraku) ; viet. : Cực lạc) du bouddha Amitābha (chinois traditionnel : 阿彌陀佛 ; pinyin : Ēmítuófó ou 無量光佛, Wúliàngguāng fó, « Lumière-Infinie »), aussi nommé Amitāyus (無量壽佛, Wúliàngshòu fó, « Vie-Infinie »). C'est aussi une appellation simplifiée de l'école de la Terre pure (jìngtǔzōng 淨土宗), improprement dit Amidisme, une section très importante du bouddhisme mahāyāna. Les soutras importants pour cette école sont le Soutra d'Amida, le Soutra de Vie-Infinie et le Soutra des contemplations de Vie-Infinie. Le bouddhisme de la Terre pure est essentiellement basé sur la foi, la dévotion et la pratique de la récitation du nom du bouddha Amitābha (nianfo), avec pour objectif d’accéder après cette vie à la terre du bouddha (bouddhakshetra) d’Amitabha, où la lumière, la longévité et le bonheur sont tous infinis. En dehors même des écoles Terre pure, les Soutras de Vie-Infinie, le Soutra des méditations, Amitābha et son paradis ont influencé l’ensemble du bouddhisme extrême-oriental. (fr) Pure Land Buddhism (Chinese: 淨土宗; pinyin: Jìngtǔzōng; Japanese: 浄土仏教, romanized: Jōdo bukkyō; Korean: 정토종; RR: Jeongto-jong, also referred to as Amidism in English,) is a broad branch of Mahayana Buddhism focused on achieving rebirth in a Buddha's Buddha-field or Pure Land. It is one of the most widely practiced traditions of Buddhism in East Asia. According to Charles B. Jones "Pure Land is the dominant form of Buddhism in China, Japan and Korea." In Chinese Buddhism, the tradition is sometimes called a zōng (school) in an institutional sense, but historically it was most commonly described as a "dharma-gate" (fǎmén 法門), referring to a method of Buddhist practice. In Japanese Buddhism, the term more commonly refers to specific institutions. In Tibetan Buddhism, prayers and practices which aim at rebirth in a Buddha-field are a popular religious orientation, especially among laypersons. Pure Land is a tradition which is primarily focused on achieving rebirth in a Buddha's "pure land" or buddha-field (Sanskrit: buddhakṣetra), which generally speaking is a Buddha's field of influence. Some Buddha-fields are considered to be superior places to spiritually train for full Buddhahood, since a Buddha has compassionately "purified" it for this purpose and since in these realms, one can meet a Buddha face to face and study under them. Since it is much easier to attain enlightenment in one of these buddha-fields (due to the corrupt nature of our age), many Mahayana Buddhists strive to be reborn in such a place. The most common pure land today is that of Amitābha, called Sukhavati, "Land of Bliss". Mahayana Buddhists may also aspire to be reborn in other pure lands, such as the Buddhafields of Aksobhya and Medicine Guru (though this is rarer). In Tibetan Buddhism, adherents may also aspire to other pure lands such as that of Ratnasambhava. Although the Buddhas are venerated in Pure Land traditions and are seen as savior figures, the tradition clearly distinguishes itself from theistic religions, due to its roots in the classic Mahayana understanding of Buddhahood and bodhisattvas, as well as the Buddhist doctrines of emptiness and mind-only. Pure Land oriented practices and concepts form an important component of the Mahāyāna Buddhist traditions of China, Japan, Korea, the Himalayas and Inner Asian regions such as Tibet. The term "Pure Land Buddhism" is used to describe both the tradition's practice and soteriology, which may be better understood as "Pure Land traditions" or "Pure Land teachings" (and is found throughout Mahayana Buddhism), as well as various separate Pure Land sects which focus exclusively on Pure land practice. According to Charles B. Jones, the most distinctive feature of East Asian Pure Land traditions is that "it offered a chance for non-elite or even morally evil people to attain a goal that was tantamount to the attainment of buddhahood itself: rebirth in the Pure Land of the Buddha Amitābha, circumvention of the normal working out of their accumulated karma, escape from samsara, and the stage of non-retrogression." In East Asian Buddhism, the three primary texts of the Pure Land tradition (the "Three Pure Land Sutras") are the Longer Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra (Infinite Life Sutra), Amitayurdhyana Sutra (Contemplation Sutra) and the Shorter Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra (Amitabha Sutra). The Pratyutpanna-samādhi-sūtra is also an important source, particularly for early Chinese Pure Land. East Asian Pure Land Buddhism mostly relies on the practice of mindfulness of the Buddha, which is called niànfó (念佛, "Buddha recitation", Japanese: nembutsu) in Chinese and entails reciting the name of Amitabha (Chinese: Āmítuófó, Japanese: Amida). However, Pure Land Buddhism also includes a large group of practices which are done alongside Buddha recitation. (en) Buddha Tanah Murni (Hanzi sederhana: 净土宗; Hanzi tradisional: 淨土宗; Pinyin: Jìngtǔzōng; Jepang: 浄土仏教, Jōdo bukkyō; Korea: 정토종, jeongtojong; Vietnam: Tịnh Độ Tông), juga disebut sebagai Amidisme, adalah sebuah cabang dari Buddha Mahāyāna dan salah satu aliran yang paling banyak mempraktikan tradisi-tradisi Buddha di Asia Timur. Tanah Murni adalah sebuah tradisi pengajaran Buddha yang berfokus pada Buddha Amitābha. Pure Land mengorientasikan praktik-praktik dan konsep-konsep yang ditemukan pada pengajaran kosmologi Buddha Mahāyāna, dan bentuk komponen berpengaruh dari tradisi Buddha Mahāyāna di Tiongkok, Jepang, Korea, Vietnam, dan Tibet. Istilah "Buddha Tanah Murni" digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan soteriologi Tanah Murni dari Buddha Mahāyāna, yang lebih dikenal sebagai "tradisi Tanah Murni" atau "pengajaran Tanah Murni," dan berbeda dengan sekte-sekte Tanah Murni yang berkembang di Jepang. Dalam , pengajaran Tanah Murni dikembangkan dalam sekte-sekte institusional independen, yang dapat dilihat dalam aliran dan Jōdo Shinshū. (in) Il Buddhismo della Terra Pura, la cui corrente principale, maggioritaria e diffusa è nota anche come amidismo (cinese Jìngtǔzōng, (净土宗S), "scuola della Terra Pura"; giapponese Jōdoshū, 浄土宗, o Jōdo bukkyō, 浄土仏教; coreano Jeongtojong, 정토종; vietnamita Tịnh Độ Tông), è un ramo del buddhismo Mahāyāna, che enfatizza i rituali e le pratiche devozionali, ed è attualmente una delle scuole di buddhismo dominanti nell'Asia orientale, dove divide la scena con il Chán (Zen in Giappone). Secondo alcune fonti è la scuola di buddhismo più diffusa al mondo, con più di 200 milioni di seguaci (la maggioranza in Cina) su circa 500 milioni di buddhisti praticanti a seconda delle stime. Nel buddhismo cinese Terra Pura e Chán sono spesso praticati insieme (ad esempio dai monaci dello Shaolin, il più importante dei monasteri e templi Chán), e non sempre i fedeli sanno distinguere tra i due. Nel buddhismo giapponese questa pratica mista è invece tipica ad esempio della scuola zen Ōbaku-shū, mentre la Jodo-shu e la Jodo Shinshu sono le principali scuole amidiste; con lo Zen e il buddhismo Nichiren, rappresenta la scuola più diffusa in Giappone. Questa corrente venera il Buddha Amitābha (Amituofo in cinese, Amida Butsu in giapponese), considerato il Buddha eterno manifestatosi nel nostro mondo tramite il Buddha Sakyamuni. (it) 浄土教（じょうどきょう）とは、阿弥陀仏の極楽浄土に往生し成仏することを説く教え。浄土門、浄土思想ともいう。阿弥陀仏の願に基づいて、観仏や念仏によってその浄土に往生しようと願う教え。 (ja) ( 다른 뜻에 대해서는 대한불교정토종 문서를 참고하십시오.) 정토교(淨土敎)는 정토종(淨土宗) 또는 정토문(淨土門)으로 불리기도 한다. 정토교는 아미타불의 구원을 믿고, 염불을 외어 서방극락정토(西方極樂淨土)에 왕생(往生)하여 깨달음을 얻는다고 설하는 종파이다. 정토교는 《(大無量壽經)》 · 《(觀無量壽經)》 · 《아미타경(阿彌陀經)》의 이른바 《정토3부경(淨土三部經)》에 바탕을 두고 인도 불교에서 용수(龍樹) · 세친(世親) 등의 사상적 조직화를 거쳐, 중국 불교에 이르러 발달하였다. 중국 불교에서 정토교는 남북조 시대부터 당나라 시대의 (曇鸞: 476~542) · 도작(道綽: 562~645) · (善導: 613~681) 등에 의해 주창되었다. 한국 불교에서 정토교는 남북국 시대 신라에 유행하였는데 원효가 주창하였다. 도작은 "지금이 말법시대로다. 바야흐로 오탁악세에 이르렀으니 오직 정토교 일문(一門)만이 있어 들어가야 할 길이로다"라고 설파하고 구칭염불(口稱念佛) 또는 창명염불(唱名念佛)이라는 누구나 할 수 있는 쉬운 방법이야말로 말법시대에 어울리며 이 방법만이 현실사회에서 유효한 불교적 실천이라고 주장하였다. 이러한 불교적 실천을 전수염불(專修念佛)이라고 한다. (ko) Zuiver Land-boeddhisme, ook bekend als Reine Land-boeddhisme, amidisme of amitabha-boeddhisme, is een tak van het mahayana-boeddhisme en is tegenwoordig een van de populairste scholen van het boeddhisme in Oost-Azië, samen met Chan. Het is een devoot of trouw georiënteerde tak van het boeddhisme gefocust op Amitabha Boeddha. Het is een van de tien belangrijkste scholen in het Chinees boeddhisme en het behoort tot de drie hoofdstromingen in het Japans boeddhisme. Zuiver Land boeddhisme wordt vaak gevonden in grotere boeddhistische praktijken zoals de Chinese school of het Japanse Shingonboeddhisme. (nl) Szkoła Czystej Krainy (także: Szkoła Czystej Ziemi; chiń. jingtuzong (淨土宗); kor. chŏngt'o chong (정토종); jap. jōdo-shū (浄土宗); wiet. Tịnh độ tông) – jedna z tradycji buddyzmu chińskiego związana z amidyzmem. (pl) Terra Pura é uma vertente do budismo Mahayana também conhecida como Amidismo devido à sua característica devoção ao Buda Amida (sansc: Amitabha, Amitayus; chinês: Amituofo; coreano: Amitabul), o Buda da Vida e Luz Infinitas. O Caminho da Terra Pura se baseia nos ensinamentos proferidos pelo Buda Shakyamuni no Sutra da Vida Infinita sobre um asceta de nome Dharmakara que em um passado remoto fez 48 votos condicionantes para se tornar um Buda jurando construir um mundo ou estado de consciência no qual não exista sofrimento e torne acessível a aluminação a todos que neste lugar venham a nascer, tornando então o nascimento nessa terra como uma alternativa a praticantes incapazes de realizar outras práticas. Segundo o Buda Shakyamuni, Dharmakara atingiu a iluminação e se tornou um Buda chamado Amida, vivendo atualmente em uma terra chamada Terra Pura da Suprema Felicidade (sansc: Sukhavati) de onde acolhe incontáveis seres de todo o universo libertando-os do ciclo de nascimentos e mortes (Samsara) e lhes garantindo a Iluminação. Os meios de renascimento na Terra Pura do Buda Amida são descritos no Sutra da Vida Infinita e no Sutra da Contemplação da Vida Infinita, onde são descritos variadas práticas de visualizações e meditações contemplativas, sendo a principal prática a recitação recordativa do Nome de Amida (jap: nenbutsu; ch: Niânfo; sansc: buddhanusmrti; pali: buddhanussati) prática fundamentada pelo 18° voto de Amida no qual é dito que todos que desejarem nascer nesta terra devem se confiar sinceramente ao Buda e com o coração confiante recitarem o nome de Amida tendo então seu nascimento na Terra Pura da Suprema Felicidade infalivelmente garantido. O budismo da Terra Pura é o maior ramo amplo do Budismo Mahayana e uma das tradições mais amplamente praticadas do budismo no leste da Ásia. Por sua doutrina apresentar um caminho de prática acessível a maior variedade de pessoas independente de suas limitações e capacidades de compreensão, o Budismo da Terra Pura é facilmente expandido e praticado entre as massas. Os três textos primários da tradição, conhecidos como os "Três Sutras da Terra Pura", são o (Sutra da Vida Infinita), o (Sutra da Contemplação) e o (Sutra da Luz Infinita). Como muitas outras escolas budistas, a Terra Pura dividiu-se em várias espalhadas na China, no Japão e na Coréia em diversas versões da mesma doutrina de base. No Japão e no Brasil a mais conhecida e praticada é a Verdadeira Escola da Terra Pura (em japonês: 浄土真宗, Jodo Shinshu), fundada por (1173-1262), discípulo de Honen Shonin fundador da Jodo Shu. Os ramos da Jodo Shinshu presentes no Brasil atualmente são o ramo Hongwanji-Ha (matriz mundial Nishi Honganji em Kyoto) e o ramo Otani-Ha (matriz mundial em Kyoto). Do Budismo chinês existe no Brasil o de Foz do Iguaçú que segue principalmente a doutrina da Terra Pura. (pt) Rena land-buddhism eller amidism är en riktning eller tradition inom mahayanabuddhismen med rötter i Indien. Traditionen spreds till Kina och utvecklades där till en av de vanligaste mahayanabuddhistiska riktningarna i Östasien och Vietnam. Traditionen finns representerad även inom tibetansk och nepalesisk buddhism. Traditionen kan översiktligt beskrivas som en samling trosuppfattningar och utövandeformer som syftar till att utövaren ska återfödas i buddhan Amitabhas rena buddhafält Sukhavati. Om utövaren återföds där, kommer denne att uppnå ett stadium utan tillbakagång på vägen mot upplysning. Detta sker eftersom Sukhavati är en plats som garanterar upplysning för alla som återföds där. Det är dock inte en plats där utövare blir kvar. När de väl upplysts i Sukhavati, återvänder de som avancerade bodhisattvor eller buddhor till andra världar – inklusive denna värld – för att hjälpa medvetna varelser att befrias från lidandet (samsara). (sv) Вчення Чистої Землі або Амідаїзм — течія буддизму Махаяни, найпоширеніша гілка буддизму у Східній Азії. Акцентує увагу на «вірі» у спасіння від будди Амітабхи (Аміди) і відповідних ритуалах. Популярна серед широких народних мас. Конкурує з течією дзен-буддизму. (uk) Школа Чистой земли (кит. Цзинту-цзун, 淨土宗; яп. Дзё̄до-сю̄, 浄土宗; кор. Чонтхо-чон, 정토종; вьетн. Тинь До Тонг, Tịnh Độ Tông; в европейской литературе иногда «амидаизм») — наиболее популярное течение дальневосточной Махаяны. В основе учения этой школы лежит вера в спасительную силу Будды Амитабхи (Амитаюса), некогда поклявшегося даровать рождение в своей Чистой земле Сукхавати всякому верующему в него и призывающему его имя. (ru) 淨土宗，簡稱淨宗、蓮宗、佛土宗等，汉传佛教十宗之一，根源於大乘佛教淨土信仰，专修往生阿弥陀佛西方極樂世界净土之法门而得名的一個宗派。起源自北魏曇鸞、道綽，至唐代善導時成為獨立宗派，与禅宗是对中国汉传佛教後期影响最大的两个支派，流传于中國、韓國、越南等地，至今不衰落。 净土思想的历史渊源传自古印度大乘佛教，如兜率內院彌勒佛淨土、東方妙喜世界阿閦佛淨土、東方琉璃世界藥師佛淨土等。但在中國淨土宗的意思，是希望能到達阿彌陀佛的極樂净土為信仰核心。 在古印度佛教中，淨土宗并未成为一个专门宗派。净土法门在中国佛教中濫觴于魏晋时代的东林寺之慧遠大师，始于北魏曇鸞，经唐代善导法师发扬光大。东林寺、玄中寺、香積寺等被奉為淨土宗祖庭。 善導一系的淨土宗思想傳入日本佛教後，形成日本淨土宗、淨土真宗等。日本淨土宗的總本山在知恩院。淨土真宗主要分為西本願寺與東本願寺兩派。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | بوذية أميتابها والتي تعرف باسم بوذية الأرض الطاهرة Pure Land Buddhism أو الأميدية Amidism هي فرع من بوذية ماهايانا، وواحدة من أكثر فروع البوذية ممارسة في شرق آسيا، والذي يركز على مفاهيم وتعاليم أميتابها البوذية. لبوذية أميتابها ثلاثة نصوص مقدسة سوترا رئيسية وهي سوترا الحياة الأبدية و سوترا أميتابها و سوترا أميتايوردهيانا. (ar) Terra Pura (en xinés: 净土 Jìngtǔ) o País Pur és la més antiga de les sectes del budisme mahayana de la Xina. Fou fundada el 402 dC per Hui Yuan. La seua doctrina afirma que la vida està governada pel karma i la reencarnació, plena de tristesa i desil·lusió; l'alliberament s'aconsegueix solament per la fe en el buda Amitabha, i l'ésser humà no pot fer res per redimir-se. El buda Amitabha solament concedeix la redempció als qui invoquen el seu nom. (ca) 浄土教（じょうどきょう）とは、阿弥陀仏の極楽浄土に往生し成仏することを説く教え。浄土門、浄土思想ともいう。阿弥陀仏の願に基づいて、観仏や念仏によってその浄土に往生しようと願う教え。 (ja) Szkoła Czystej Krainy (także: Szkoła Czystej Ziemi; chiń. jingtuzong (淨土宗); kor. chŏngt'o chong (정토종); jap. jōdo-shū (浄土宗); wiet. Tịnh độ tông) – jedna z tradycji buddyzmu chińskiego związana z amidyzmem. (pl) Вчення Чистої Землі або Амідаїзм — течія буддизму Махаяни, найпоширеніша гілка буддизму у Східній Азії. Акцентує увагу на «вірі» у спасіння від будди Амітабхи (Аміди) і відповідних ритуалах. Популярна серед широких народних мас. Конкурує з течією дзен-буддизму. (uk) Школа Чистой земли (кит. Цзинту-цзун, 淨土宗; яп. Дзё̄до-сю̄, 浄土宗; кор. Чонтхо-чон, 정토종; вьетн. Тинь До Тонг, Tịnh Độ Tông; в европейской литературе иногда «амидаизм») — наиболее популярное течение дальневосточной Махаяны. В основе учения этой школы лежит вера в спасительную силу Будды Амитабхи (Амитаюса), некогда поклявшегося даровать рождение в своей Чистой земле Сукхавати всякому верующему в него и призывающему его имя. (ru) 淨土宗，簡稱淨宗、蓮宗、佛土宗等，汉传佛教十宗之一，根源於大乘佛教淨土信仰，专修往生阿弥陀佛西方極樂世界净土之法门而得名的一個宗派。起源自北魏曇鸞、道綽，至唐代善導時成為獨立宗派，与禅宗是对中国汉传佛教後期影响最大的两个支派，流传于中國、韓國、越南等地，至今不衰落。 净土思想的历史渊源传自古印度大乘佛教，如兜率內院彌勒佛淨土、東方妙喜世界阿閦佛淨土、東方琉璃世界藥師佛淨土等。但在中國淨土宗的意思，是希望能到達阿彌陀佛的極樂净土為信仰核心。 在古印度佛教中，淨土宗并未成为一个专门宗派。净土法门在中国佛教中濫觴于魏晋时代的东林寺之慧遠大师，始于北魏曇鸞，经唐代善导法师发扬光大。东林寺、玄中寺、香積寺等被奉為淨土宗祖庭。 善導一系的淨土宗思想傳入日本佛教後，形成日本淨土宗、淨土真宗等。日本淨土宗的總本山在知恩院。淨土真宗主要分為西本願寺與東本願寺兩派。 (zh) Amitabha-Buddhismus ist eine Sammelbezeichnung für jene Schulen des Mahayana-Buddhismus, die sich auf den transzendenten Buddha Amitabha beziehen. Im 1./2. Jahrhundert in Indien entstanden, gelangte die Lehre ab dem 5. Jahrhundert nach China, wo sie den Namen Jingtu zong (chinesisch 淨土宗, Pinyin Jìngtǔ zōng, W.-G. Ching-t'u tsung – „Schule des Reinen Landes“) annahm. In Japan gründete Hōnen Shōnin (1172–1212) auf der Grundlage der „Reinen-Land-Lehre“ die Jōdo-shū. Aus dieser entwickelte sich die von Shinran Shōnin (1173–1263) gegründete Jōdo-Shinshū. (de) Purlanda Budhismo (ĉine: 淨土宗, Jìngtǔzōng; japane 浄土仏教, Jōdo bukkyō; korea: 정토종, jeongtojong; vjetnama lingvo: Tịnh Độ Tông), konata ankaŭ kiel Amitabismo esperantlingve, estas vasta skolo de mahajana budhismo kaj unu el la plej praktikataj tradicioj de budhismo en Orienta Azio. La Pura Lando estas tradicio de budhisma instruado, kiuj koncernas la budhon Amitabo. La tri ĉefaj tekstoj de la tradicio, konataj kiel la "Tri Purlandaj Sutroj", estas la , la kaj la . (eo) Budismo de la Tierra Pura, también erróneamente llamado en ocasiones Amidismo, es una escuela del Budismo Mahayana y, junto con el Zen, una de las escuelas más populares del budismo en el este de Asia. El budismo de la Tierra Pura se centra en la fe al Buda Amitabha. Las tierras de Buda se consideran que igualmente están representadas en los Cuatro reinos superiores o nobles dentro del concepto de los diez reinos espirituales. (es) Pure Land Buddhism (Chinese: 淨土宗; pinyin: Jìngtǔzōng; Japanese: 浄土仏教, romanized: Jōdo bukkyō; Korean: 정토종; RR: Jeongto-jong, also referred to as Amidism in English,) is a broad branch of Mahayana Buddhism focused on achieving rebirth in a Buddha's Buddha-field or Pure Land. It is one of the most widely practiced traditions of Buddhism in East Asia. According to Charles B. Jones "Pure Land is the dominant form of Buddhism in China, Japan and Korea." In Chinese Buddhism, the tradition is sometimes called a zōng (school) in an institutional sense, but historically it was most commonly described as a "dharma-gate" (fǎmén 法門), referring to a method of Buddhist practice. In Japanese Buddhism, the term more commonly refers to specific institutions. In Tibetan Buddhism, prayers and practices which (en) La Terre pure (ch. trad. : 淨土 ; ch. simp. : 净土 ; py : jìngtǔ ; jap. : jōdo ; viet. : Tịnh Độ), désigne l'univers occidental de la Béatitude (sk. Sukhāvatī « Bienheureuse » , ch. trad. : 西方極樂世界 ; py : Xīfāng jílè shìjiè ; jap. : 極樂 (Gokuraku) ; viet. : Cực lạc) du bouddha Amitābha (chinois traditionnel : 阿彌陀佛 ; pinyin : Ēmítuófó ou 無量光佛, Wúliàngguāng fó, « Lumière-Infinie »), aussi nommé Amitāyus (無量壽佛, Wúliàngshòu fó, « Vie-Infinie »). C'est aussi une appellation simplifiée de l'école de la Terre pure (jìngtǔzōng 淨土宗), improprement dit Amidisme, une section très importante du bouddhisme mahāyāna. (fr) Buddha Tanah Murni (Hanzi sederhana: 净土宗; Hanzi tradisional: 淨土宗; Pinyin: Jìngtǔzōng; Jepang: 浄土仏教, Jōdo bukkyō; Korea: 정토종, jeongtojong; Vietnam: Tịnh Độ Tông), juga disebut sebagai Amidisme, adalah sebuah cabang dari Buddha Mahāyāna dan salah satu aliran yang paling banyak mempraktikan tradisi-tradisi Buddha di Asia Timur. Tanah Murni adalah sebuah tradisi pengajaran Buddha yang berfokus pada Buddha Amitābha. (in) Il Buddhismo della Terra Pura, la cui corrente principale, maggioritaria e diffusa è nota anche come amidismo (cinese Jìngtǔzōng, (净土宗S), "scuola della Terra Pura"; giapponese Jōdoshū, 浄土宗, o Jōdo bukkyō, 浄土仏教; coreano Jeongtojong, 정토종; vietnamita Tịnh Độ Tông), è un ramo del buddhismo Mahāyāna, che enfatizza i rituali e le pratiche devozionali, ed è attualmente una delle scuole di buddhismo dominanti nell'Asia orientale, dove divide la scena con il Chán (Zen in Giappone). Secondo alcune fonti è la scuola di buddhismo più diffusa al mondo, con più di 200 milioni di seguaci (la maggioranza in Cina) su circa 500 milioni di buddhisti praticanti a seconda delle stime. (it) ( 다른 뜻에 대해서는 대한불교정토종 문서를 참고하십시오.) 정토교(淨土敎)는 정토종(淨土宗) 또는 정토문(淨土門)으로 불리기도 한다. 정토교는 아미타불의 구원을 믿고, 염불을 외어 서방극락정토(西方極樂淨土)에 왕생(往生)하여 깨달음을 얻는다고 설하는 종파이다. 정토교는 《(大無量壽經)》 · 《(觀無量壽經)》 · 《아미타경(阿彌陀經)》의 이른바 《정토3부경(淨土三部經)》에 바탕을 두고 인도 불교에서 용수(龍樹) · 세친(世親) 등의 사상적 조직화를 거쳐, 중국 불교에 이르러 발달하였다. 중국 불교에서 정토교는 남북조 시대부터 당나라 시대의 (曇鸞: 476~542) · 도작(道綽: 562~645) · (善導: 613~681) 등에 의해 주창되었다. 한국 불교에서 정토교는 남북국 시대 신라에 유행하였는데 원효가 주창하였다. (ko) Zuiver Land-boeddhisme, ook bekend als Reine Land-boeddhisme, amidisme of amitabha-boeddhisme, is een tak van het mahayana-boeddhisme en is tegenwoordig een van de populairste scholen van het boeddhisme in Oost-Azië, samen met Chan. Het is een devoot of trouw georiënteerde tak van het boeddhisme gefocust op Amitabha Boeddha. Het is een van de tien belangrijkste scholen in het Chinees boeddhisme en het behoort tot de drie hoofdstromingen in het Japans boeddhisme. (nl) Terra Pura é uma vertente do budismo Mahayana também conhecida como Amidismo devido à sua característica devoção ao Buda Amida (sansc: Amitabha, Amitayus; chinês: Amituofo; coreano: Amitabul), o Buda da Vida e Luz Infinitas. O Caminho da Terra Pura se baseia nos ensinamentos proferidos pelo Buda Shakyamuni no Sutra da Vida Infinita sobre um asceta de nome Dharmakara que em um passado remoto fez 48 votos condicionantes para se tornar um Buda jurando construir um mundo ou estado de consciência no qual não exista sofrimento e torne acessível a aluminação a todos que neste lugar venham a nascer, tornando então o nascimento nessa terra como uma alternativa a praticantes incapazes de realizar outras práticas. Segundo o Buda Shakyamuni, Dharmakara atingiu a iluminação e se tornou um Buda chamado (pt) Rena land-buddhism eller amidism är en riktning eller tradition inom mahayanabuddhismen med rötter i Indien. Traditionen spreds till Kina och utvecklades där till en av de vanligaste mahayanabuddhistiska riktningarna i Östasien och Vietnam. Traditionen finns representerad även inom tibetansk och nepalesisk buddhism. (sv) |
| rdfs:label | Pure Land Buddhism (en) بوذية الأرض الطاهرة (ar) Terra Pura (ca) Amitabha-Buddhismus (de) Purlanda budhismo (eo) Budismo de la Tierra Pura (es) Terre pure (fr) Buddhisme Tanah Murni (in) Buddhismo della Terra Pura (it) 정토교 (ko) 浄土教 (ja) Zuiver Land-boeddhisme (nl) Szkoła Czystej Krainy (pl) Terra Pura (pt) Школа Чистой земли (ru) Rena land-buddhism (sv) 淨土宗 (中國) (zh) Вчення Чистої Землі (uk) |
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