British Aerospace Sea Harrier (original) (raw)
- British Aerospace Sea Harrier je námořní STOVL (Short Take-Off and Vertical Landing – letadlo s krátkým vzletem a vertikálním přistáním) / VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing – letadlo s vertikálním vzletem a přistáním) proudový stíhací, průzkumný a útočný letoun vyvinutý z letounu Hawker Siddeley Harrier. Letoun vstoupil do služby u britského královského námořnictva (Royal Navy) v dubnu 1980 pod označením Sea Harrier FRS.1 a stal se neformálně známým pod přezdívkou „Shar“. Jejich zvláštností bylo, že i když v té době bylo již naprosto samozřejmé, že námořní i pozemní letouny k vybojování vzdušné nadvlády dosahovaly nadzvukových rychlostí, letoun byl podzvukový, přestože jeho hlavním úkolem bylo bránit letadlové lodě Royal Navy. Sea Harriery sloužily ve válce o Falklandské ostrovy, v obou válkách v Perském zálivu a během intervence NATO v konfliktu v Bosně a Hercegovině. Ve všech případech operovaly většinou z letadlových lodí, které se nacházely mimo válečnou zónu. Jejich použití na Falklandách ukázalo jejich nadřazenost a vysokou užitečnost, když se ocitly v roli jediného letounu schopného chránit britský expediční svaz. Letouny Sea Harrier sestřelily 20 nepřátelských letounů, přičemž ztratily jen dva stroje palbou ze země. Byly také použity k útokům na pozemní cíle stejným způsobem jako Harriery používané královským letectvem (Royal Air Force). Sea Harriery byly také určeny pro obchod, ale úspěšně byly prodány jen v roce 1983 do Indie, protože z plánovaného obchodu s Argentinou a Austrálií nakonec sešlo. Druhou, vylepšenou verzí pro Royal Navy postavenou v roce 1993, byl Sea Harrier FA2. Měl lepší schopnosti ve vzdušném boji, mohl nést další zbraně a měl i výkonnější motor. Tato verze byla vyráběna až do roku 1998. Letoun byl stažen ze služby u královského námořnictva v březnu 2006 a byl na krátkou dobu nahrazen letouny Harrier GR9. V budoucnu by měl roli palubního stíhače zastávat letoun Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II. Sea Harriery sloužily až do května 2016 u indického námořnictva, ačkoliv i zde mají být nahrazeny letouny MiG-29K. I když byly vyřazeny z aktivní služby u Royal Navy, jsou i nadále používány k výcviku palubních posádek u School of Flight Deck Operations. (cs)
- الطائرة بريتش ايروسبيس هارير البحر (بالإنجليزية: British Aerospace Sea Harrier) هي طائرة مقاتله نفاثة، وهجوم ارضى، واستطلاع لها القدرة على الإقلاع والهبوط العمودي (فيتول)، والإقلاع القصير والهبوط العمودي (ستوفل)، وتعمل على حاملات الطائرات. الطائرة هارير البحر هي تطوير لسابقتها هوكر سايدلي هارير. دخلت الخدمة بالبحرية الملكية عام 1980 بطرازها الأول FRS.1 وعرفت من وقتها باللقب «شآر» (Shar). وعلى عكس المعتاد ان تلعب طائرات البحرية الدور القتالي، إلا أنه كان دور هارير البحر هو الدفاع الجوي من على متن حاملات الطائرات. خدمت الطائرة من على متن حاملات الطائرات في حرب الفوكلاند,، وحرب الخليج الثانية وفرض منطقة حظر الطيران ، والتدخل العسكري للناتو في حرب البوسنة والهرسك. عملها في حرب الفوكلاند كان له اهمه كبيرة وهو ما حقق النجاح في سجل الطائرة هارير البحر، حيث انها كان الطائرة الوحيدة ذو الجناح الثابت التي كان لها القدرة على حماية القوات البريطانية خلال المهام القتالية. فقد اسقطت 20 طائرة معادية مقابل سقوط طائرة واحدة هارير البحر بواسطة قوة ارضية من الدفاع الجوى. وقامت بأدوار قتالية مماثلة مع سلاح الجو الملكي. سُوِقت هارير البحر للتصدير، إلا ان مع حلول عام 1983، كانت البحرية الهندية المستخدم الوحيد بجانب البحرية الملكية، بعد فشل بيعها للأرجنتين وأستراليا. حصلت البحرية الملكية على تطوير ثاني للهارير عام 1993، وهو الطراز FA2 مطورة قدراتها القتالية جو-جو وقدراتها التسليحيه، وزودت بمحرك أقوى. ظل هذا الطراز ينتج حتى عام 1998. سحبت الطائرة من الخدمة في البحرية الملكية مبكرّا في مارس 2006، واستبدلت بشقيقتها الأحدث بريتش ايروسبيس هارير الثانية، بالرغم من انه كان مخطط ان تستبدل بالمقاتلة إف-35 لايتنيغ الثانية. تخدم هارير البحر حتى الآن في البحرية الهندية ومن المخطط استبدالها هي الأخرى بالميج-29 كيه. (ar)
- The British Aerospace Sea Harrier is a naval short take-off and vertical landing/vertical take-off and landing jet fighter, reconnaissance and attack aircraft. It is the second member of the Harrier family developed. It first entered service with the Royal Navy in April 1980 as the Sea Harrier FRS1 and became informally known as the "Shar". Unusual in an era in which most naval and land-based air superiority fighters were large and supersonic, the principal role of the subsonic Sea Harrier was to provide air defence for Royal Navy task groups centred around the aircraft carriers. The Sea Harrier served in the Falklands War and the Balkans conflicts; on all occasions it mainly operated from aircraft carriers positioned within the conflict zone. Its usage in the Falklands War was its most high profile and important success, when it was the only fixed-wing fighter available to protect the British Task Force. The Sea Harriers shot down 20 enemy aircraft during the conflict; 2 Sea Harriers were lost to enemy ground fire. They were also used to launch ground attacks in the same manner as the Harriers operated by the Royal Air Force. The Sea Harrier was marketed for sales abroad, but India was the only other operator after attempts to sell the aircraft to Argentina and Australia were unsuccessful. A second, updated version for the Royal Navy was made in 1993 as the Sea Harrier FA2, improving its air-to-air abilities and weapons compatibilities, along with a more powerful engine; this version was manufactured until 1998. The aircraft was withdrawn from service early by the Royal Navy in 2006, but remained in service with the Indian Navy for a further decade until its retirement in 2016. (en)
- El British Aerospace Sea Harrier es un avión de caza, reconocimiento y ataque embarcado V/STOL, desarrollado a partir del Hawker Siddeley Harrier de base en tierra. Entró en servicio con la Marina Real británica en abril de 1980 como el modelo Sea Harrier FRS.1 y era conocido informalmente como Shar. La última versión es el Sea Harrier FA2, que fue retirado de servicio de la Marina Real británica en marzo de 2006. Es conocido por ser uno de los aviones que pueden despegar o aterrizar en vertical y horizontal. (es)
- BAE Systems Sea Harrier adalah sebuah pesawat tempur, penyerang dan pengawasan Vertical Take-Off and Landing/STOVL yang dioperasikan oleh Royal Navy. Ia dikembangkan berdasarkan pesawat Hawker Siddeley Harrier dan mulai beroperasi pada April 1980 bersama Angkatan Laut Kerajaan dengan dikenal sebagai Sea Harrier FRS1. Versi terakhir adalah Sea Harrier FA2. Pesawat Sea Harrier kemudian dihentikan layanan dengan Royal Navy pada Maret 2006 dan digantikan dengan pesawat BAE Harrier II. (in)
- Le British Aerospace Sea Harrier est un avion à décollage court et à atterrissage vertical (STOVL) et à décollage et atterrissage verticaux (VTOL), de reconnaissance et d'attaque. Il est le deuxième membre développé de la famille des Harrier. Il est entré en service dans la Royal Navy en avril 1980 sous le nom de Sea Harrier FRS1 et est devenu officieusement connu sous le nom de « Shar ». Inhabituel à une époque où la plupart des chasseurs de supériorité aérienne navale et terrestre sont grands et supersoniques, le rôle principal du Sea Harrier subsonique est de fournir une défense aérienne aux groupes de la Royal Navy centrés autour des porte-avions. Le Sea Harrier sert dans la guerre des Malouines et la guerre de Bosnie-Herzégovine, opérant principalement à partir de porte-avions positionnés dans la zone de conflit. Son utilisation dans la guerre des Malouines est son plus haut fait et un succès important car il est le seul chasseur à voilure fixe disponible pour protéger la Force opérationnelle britannique. Les Sea Harriers abattent 20 avions ennemis pendant le conflit et deux sont perdus par des tirs ennemis. Ils sont également utilisés pour lancer des attaques au sol de la même manière que les Harriers exploités par la Royal Air Force (RAF). Le Sea Harrier est commercialisé à l'étranger, mais en 1983, l'Inde est le seul opérateur autre que le Royaume-Uni après l'échec des ventes en Argentine et en Australie. Une seconde version mise à jour pour la Royal Navy est développée en 1993 sous le nom de Sea Harrier FA2, améliorant ses capacités air-air, sa compatibilité avec différents systèmes d'armes et doté d'un moteur plus puissant. Cette version est en fabrication jusqu'en 1998 puis l'avion est retiré du service par la Royal Navy en 2006. Le Sea Harrier reste en service pendant une décennie supplémentaire avec la marine indienne jusqu'à son retrait en 2016. * Portail de l’aéronautique * Portail de la Royal Navy (fr)
- 시 해리어(Sea Harrier)는 해군의 VTOL/STOVL 제공 전투기, 정찰기, 공격기이다. 호커 시들리 해리어를 개량한 것이다. 1980년 4월 영국 해군에서 Sea Harrier FRS1가 처음 실전배치되었다. 마지막 버전은 Sea Harrier FA2이다. 비공식적으로는 "Shar"라고 불리는 Sea Harrier는 2006년 3월 영국 해군에서 퇴역했으며 Harrier GR9로 교체되었다. (ko)
- Il British Aerospace Sea Harrier è un aereo da caccia navale VTOL/STOVL, da ricognizione e attacco aereo; è uno sviluppo dell'Hawker Siddeley Harrier. Per la prima entrò in servizio con la Royal Navy nel mese di aprile 1980 come Sea Harrier FRS1 e divenne informalmente noto come "Shar". (it)
- BAe シーハリアー(英: British Aerospace Sea Harrier)は、ホーカー・シドレー(現BAEシステムズ)社が開発した垂直/短距離離着陸機。同社のハリアーGR.3攻撃機を元にした艦上戦闘機として開発され、イギリス海軍・インド海軍で運用されたが、イギリス海軍では2006年、インド海軍でも2016年までに運用を終了した。 (ja)
- O Sea Harrier da BAE Systems é um caça de defesa e intervenção de base móvel (geralmente marítima). Foi o primeiro avião a jato do mundo a decolar e a aterrar verticalmente e foi criado para a Marinha Britânica a partir do Hawker-Siddeley Harrier. Integrou na RAF em Abril de 1980 como Sea Harrier FRS1. A última versão foi o Sea Harrier FA2. Conhecido informalmente como "Shar", o Sea Harrier foi retirado do serviço na RAF em março de 2006, sendo substituído pelo Harrier GR9. (pt)
- 英國航太海獵鷹(英語:British Aerospace Sea Harrier)是一种在航空母艦上操作的垂直起降/短場起降噴射戰鬥機,為多用途戰機設計,兼具侦察机和攻击机等功能,是由霍克西德利獵鷹式戰鬥機发展而来的。它首先开始服役于英國皇家海军是在1980年4月,名为FRS1海獵鷹,并得到了非正式的名称“莎尔”。在超音速戰鬥機時代開發出這款只能在亞音速操作的空優戰鬥機,在當時很不尋常,但她的性能讓更輕噸位的航空母艦可以得到有限度的制空戰鬥力。 證明海獵鷹戰機戰鬥力的關鍵是1982年英國與阿根廷爆發的福克蘭戰爭。在福克蘭戰爭中,海獵鷹的主要任務是保護英國特遣艦隊,在戰爭中海獵鷹擊落23架阿根廷戰機,沒有任何一架為空戰損失。 英國曾試圖推銷海獵鷹給其它使用小型航艦的國家,但面對美國研改的AV-8獵鷹II式攻擊機競爭銷路受挫,除英國外僅有印度青睞,所有的海獵鷹戰鬥機在2016年已全數退役。 (zh)
- Бритиш Аэроспейс «Си Харриер» (англ. British Aerospace Sea Harrier) — британский истребитель-бомбардировщик вертикального взлёта и посадки. Создан на основе самолёта «Харриер» сухопутного базирования. Состоял на вооружении Королевских ВМС Великобритании в 1980—2006 годах. (ru)
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- El British Aerospace Sea Harrier es un avión de caza, reconocimiento y ataque embarcado V/STOL, desarrollado a partir del Hawker Siddeley Harrier de base en tierra. Entró en servicio con la Marina Real británica en abril de 1980 como el modelo Sea Harrier FRS.1 y era conocido informalmente como Shar. La última versión es el Sea Harrier FA2, que fue retirado de servicio de la Marina Real británica en marzo de 2006. Es conocido por ser uno de los aviones que pueden despegar o aterrizar en vertical y horizontal. (es)
- BAE Systems Sea Harrier adalah sebuah pesawat tempur, penyerang dan pengawasan Vertical Take-Off and Landing/STOVL yang dioperasikan oleh Royal Navy. Ia dikembangkan berdasarkan pesawat Hawker Siddeley Harrier dan mulai beroperasi pada April 1980 bersama Angkatan Laut Kerajaan dengan dikenal sebagai Sea Harrier FRS1. Versi terakhir adalah Sea Harrier FA2. Pesawat Sea Harrier kemudian dihentikan layanan dengan Royal Navy pada Maret 2006 dan digantikan dengan pesawat BAE Harrier II. (in)
- 시 해리어(Sea Harrier)는 해군의 VTOL/STOVL 제공 전투기, 정찰기, 공격기이다. 호커 시들리 해리어를 개량한 것이다. 1980년 4월 영국 해군에서 Sea Harrier FRS1가 처음 실전배치되었다. 마지막 버전은 Sea Harrier FA2이다. 비공식적으로는 "Shar"라고 불리는 Sea Harrier는 2006년 3월 영국 해군에서 퇴역했으며 Harrier GR9로 교체되었다. (ko)
- Il British Aerospace Sea Harrier è un aereo da caccia navale VTOL/STOVL, da ricognizione e attacco aereo; è uno sviluppo dell'Hawker Siddeley Harrier. Per la prima entrò in servizio con la Royal Navy nel mese di aprile 1980 come Sea Harrier FRS1 e divenne informalmente noto come "Shar". (it)
- BAe シーハリアー(英: British Aerospace Sea Harrier)は、ホーカー・シドレー(現BAEシステムズ)社が開発した垂直/短距離離着陸機。同社のハリアーGR.3攻撃機を元にした艦上戦闘機として開発され、イギリス海軍・インド海軍で運用されたが、イギリス海軍では2006年、インド海軍でも2016年までに運用を終了した。 (ja)
- O Sea Harrier da BAE Systems é um caça de defesa e intervenção de base móvel (geralmente marítima). Foi o primeiro avião a jato do mundo a decolar e a aterrar verticalmente e foi criado para a Marinha Britânica a partir do Hawker-Siddeley Harrier. Integrou na RAF em Abril de 1980 como Sea Harrier FRS1. A última versão foi o Sea Harrier FA2. Conhecido informalmente como "Shar", o Sea Harrier foi retirado do serviço na RAF em março de 2006, sendo substituído pelo Harrier GR9. (pt)
- 英國航太海獵鷹(英語:British Aerospace Sea Harrier)是一种在航空母艦上操作的垂直起降/短場起降噴射戰鬥機,為多用途戰機設計,兼具侦察机和攻击机等功能,是由霍克西德利獵鷹式戰鬥機发展而来的。它首先开始服役于英國皇家海军是在1980年4月,名为FRS1海獵鷹,并得到了非正式的名称“莎尔”。在超音速戰鬥機時代開發出這款只能在亞音速操作的空優戰鬥機,在當時很不尋常,但她的性能讓更輕噸位的航空母艦可以得到有限度的制空戰鬥力。 證明海獵鷹戰機戰鬥力的關鍵是1982年英國與阿根廷爆發的福克蘭戰爭。在福克蘭戰爭中,海獵鷹的主要任務是保護英國特遣艦隊,在戰爭中海獵鷹擊落23架阿根廷戰機,沒有任何一架為空戰損失。 英國曾試圖推銷海獵鷹給其它使用小型航艦的國家,但面對美國研改的AV-8獵鷹II式攻擊機競爭銷路受挫,除英國外僅有印度青睞,所有的海獵鷹戰鬥機在2016年已全數退役。 (zh)
- Бритиш Аэроспейс «Си Харриер» (англ. British Aerospace Sea Harrier) — британский истребитель-бомбардировщик вертикального взлёта и посадки. Создан на основе самолёта «Харриер» сухопутного базирования. Состоял на вооружении Королевских ВМС Великобритании в 1980—2006 годах. (ru)
- الطائرة بريتش ايروسبيس هارير البحر (بالإنجليزية: British Aerospace Sea Harrier) هي طائرة مقاتله نفاثة، وهجوم ارضى، واستطلاع لها القدرة على الإقلاع والهبوط العمودي (فيتول)، والإقلاع القصير والهبوط العمودي (ستوفل)، وتعمل على حاملات الطائرات. الطائرة هارير البحر هي تطوير لسابقتها هوكر سايدلي هارير. دخلت الخدمة بالبحرية الملكية عام 1980 بطرازها الأول FRS.1 وعرفت من وقتها باللقب «شآر» (Shar). وعلى عكس المعتاد ان تلعب طائرات البحرية الدور القتالي، إلا أنه كان دور هارير البحر هو الدفاع الجوي من على متن حاملات الطائرات. (ar)
- British Aerospace Sea Harrier je námořní STOVL (Short Take-Off and Vertical Landing – letadlo s krátkým vzletem a vertikálním přistáním) / VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing – letadlo s vertikálním vzletem a přistáním) proudový stíhací, průzkumný a útočný letoun vyvinutý z letounu Hawker Siddeley Harrier. Letoun vstoupil do služby u britského královského námořnictva (Royal Navy) v dubnu 1980 pod označením Sea Harrier FRS.1 a stal se neformálně známým pod přezdívkou „Shar“. Jejich zvláštností bylo, že i když v té době bylo již naprosto samozřejmé, že námořní i pozemní letouny k vybojování vzdušné nadvlády dosahovaly nadzvukových rychlostí, letoun byl podzvukový, přestože jeho hlavním úkolem bylo bránit letadlové lodě Royal Navy. (cs)
- The British Aerospace Sea Harrier is a naval short take-off and vertical landing/vertical take-off and landing jet fighter, reconnaissance and attack aircraft. It is the second member of the Harrier family developed. It first entered service with the Royal Navy in April 1980 as the Sea Harrier FRS1 and became informally known as the "Shar". Unusual in an era in which most naval and land-based air superiority fighters were large and supersonic, the principal role of the subsonic Sea Harrier was to provide air defence for Royal Navy task groups centred around the aircraft carriers. (en)
- Le British Aerospace Sea Harrier est un avion à décollage court et à atterrissage vertical (STOVL) et à décollage et atterrissage verticaux (VTOL), de reconnaissance et d'attaque. Il est le deuxième membre développé de la famille des Harrier. Il est entré en service dans la Royal Navy en avril 1980 sous le nom de Sea Harrier FRS1 et est devenu officieusement connu sous le nom de « Shar ». Inhabituel à une époque où la plupart des chasseurs de supériorité aérienne navale et terrestre sont grands et supersoniques, le rôle principal du Sea Harrier subsonique est de fournir une défense aérienne aux groupes de la Royal Navy centrés autour des porte-avions. (fr)
- بريتش ايروسبيس هارير البحر (ar)
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- BAE Sea Harrier (pt)
- British Aerospace Sea Harrier (ru)
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