Spotted hyena (original) (raw)
الضَبُعُ الرَقطاء أو الذِيْخ هو حيوان من فصيلة الضباع، مشهور بعوائه الغريب الذي يشبه ضحكة هستيرية للإنسان. ويحصل الضبع على غذائه باصطياد الحيوانات، كما أنه يأكل بقايا الحيوانات النافقة التي يعثر عليها. والنوع الأكثر شيوعا هو الضبع المرقط أو الضبع الضاحك، وهناك أنواع أخرى منها الضبع المخطط أو الضبع البني.
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| dbo:abstract | الضَبُعُ الرَقطاء أو الذِيْخ هو حيوان من فصيلة الضباع، مشهور بعوائه الغريب الذي يشبه ضحكة هستيرية للإنسان. ويحصل الضبع على غذائه باصطياد الحيوانات، كما أنه يأكل بقايا الحيوانات النافقة التي يعثر عليها. والنوع الأكثر شيوعا هو الضبع المرقط أو الضبع الضاحك، وهناك أنواع أخرى منها الضبع المخطط أو الضبع البني. (ar) La hiena tacada (Crocuta crocuta) és una espècie de mamífer carnívor de la familia de les hienes (Hyaenidae), de la qual és l'espècie viva més forta i grossa. (ca) Hyena skvrnitá (Crocuta crocuta) je největší druh hyeny vyskytující se v Africe, jižně od Sahary. Je zároveň nejhojnější velkou africkou šelmou, celkový počet zvířat žijících ve volné přírodě se pohybuje mezi 27 000 a 47 000 (stav k roku 2015). Jedná se o potravního oportunistu – predátora i mrchožrouta zároveň, který žije ve smečkách obvykle zvaných klany. Hyeny jsou pozorné a pečlivé matky, proto známé přirovnání „hyení matka“ určené nezodpovědným lidským matkám je naprosto scestné. Ačkoliv dochází k postupnému poklesu počtu jedinců, Mezinárodní svaz ochrany přírody hodnotí hyenu skvrnitou jako málo dotčený druh. (cs) Die Tüpfelhyäne oder Fleckenhyäne (Crocuta crocuta) ist eine Raubtierart aus der Familie der Hyänen (Hyaenidae). Sie ist die größte Hyänenart und durch ihr namensgebendes geflecktes Fell gekennzeichnet; ein weiteres Charakteristikum ist die „Vermännlichung“ des Genitaltraktes der Weibchen. Die Art besiedelt weite Teile Afrikas und ernährt sich vorwiegend von größeren, selbst gerissenen Wirbeltieren. Tüpfelhyänen leben in Gruppen mit einer komplexen Sozialstruktur, die bis zu 130 Tiere umfassen können und von Weibchen dominiert werden. Die Jungtiere, die zwar bei der Geburt schon weit entwickelt sind, aber über ein Jahr lang gesäugt werden, werden in Gemeinschaftsbauten großgezogen. (de) Η στικτή ύαινα (Crocuta crocuta), επίσης γνωστή ως γελαστή ύαινα (και ως κροκόττας, κοροκόττας, κοροκότας ή κροκούττας), είναι είδος ύαινας, που προς το παρόν χαρακτηρίζεται ως το μοναδικό υπάρχον μέλος του γένους Crocuta, που προέρχεται από την υποσαχάρια Αφρική. Είναι καταγεγραμμένη ως όντας ελάχιστης ανυσηχίας από την IUCN λόγω της ευρύτατης έκτασης και του μεγάλου αριθμού της που εκτιμάται μεταξύ 27.000 και 47.000 ατόμων. Ωστόσο, το είδος αντιμετωπίζει μειώσεις έξω από τις προστατευόμενες περιοχές εξαιτίας της απώλειας οικοτόπων και της λαθροθηρίας. Το είδος μπορεί να έχει προέλθει από την Ασία, και κάποτε εκτεινόταν σε όλη την Ευρώπη για τουλάχιστον ένα εκατομμύριο χρόνια μέχρι το τέλος του Ύστερου Πλειστόκαινου. Η στικτή ύαινα είναι το μεγαλύτερο γνωστό μέλος των Υαινιδών και φυσικά διακρίνεται από τα άλλα είδη από την αμυδρώς αρκουδίσια σωματοδόμησή της, τα στρογγυλεμένα αυτιά της, την λιγότερο προεξέχουσα χαίτη της, τη διάστικτη γούνα της, την πιο διπλής χρήσης οδοντοφυΐα της, τις λιγότερες θηλές της και την παρουσία ενός ψευδο-πέους στο θηλυκό. Είναι το μοναδικό είδος θηλαστικού που στερείται εξωτερικού κολπικού ανοίγματος. (el) Makulhieno aŭ Punktohieno (Crocuta crocuta), konata ankaŭ kiel ridhieno, estas specio de hieno, nuntempe klasita kiel sola membro de la genro Crocuta, indiĝena de Sub-Sahara Afriko. Ĝi estis listita kiel Malplej Zorgiga fare de IUCN pro ties ampleksa teritorio kaj grandaj nombroj ĉirkaŭkalkulitaj inter 27,000 kaj 47,000 individuoj. La specio tamen suferas malpliiĝon ekster protektitaj areoj pro habitatoperdo kaj ŝtelĉasado. La specio povus esti origina en Azio, kaj iam ĝi havis teritorion tra Eŭropo dum almenaŭ unu miliono da jaroj ĝis la fino de la fina Pleistoceno. La Makulhieno estas la plej granda konata membro de Hienedoj, kaj estas pli distinga fizike el aliaj specioj pro sia svage urseca aspekto, sia rondoformaj oreloj, sia malpli elstara kapohararo, sia punkteca felo, sia pli duoblacela dentaro, siaj pli malgrandaj mampintoj kaj havo de falsa peniso ĉe inoj. Ĝi estas la nura mamula specio al kiu mankas ekstera vagina malfermaĵo. (eo) Hiena pikarta (Crocuta crocuta) Crocuta genero monotipikoko espezie bakarra da. Karniboro ordenaren barruko Hyaenidae familian sailkatuta dago. Egun Afrikan baino ez da bizi: han 27.000 eta 47.000 espezimen artean geratzen dira, baina Pleistozenoren amaieran eta milioi bat urtez, Europan ere bizi izan zen (Crocuta crocuta spelaea azpiespeziea hain zuzen ere). (eu) La hiena manchada o hiena moteada (Crocuta crocuta) es una especie de mamífero carnívoro de la familia Hyaenidae. Habita en África al sur del Sáhara en praderas y terrenos abiertos llanos, ausente de la cuenca del río Congo, Madagascar, casi toda Sudáfrica y desiertos como el Namib. Puede encontrarse incluso cerca de asentamientos humanos. Es la única especie de su género y no se reconocen subespecies vivientes. aunque durante el Pleistoceno vivió una subespecie, la hiena de las cavernas (C. c. spelaea). (es) Is ainmhí é an Hiéana breac (Crocuta crocuta), ar a dtugtar freisin a hiéana an gháire. Mamach atá ann. Dúchasach an lá atá inniu ann san Afraic Fho-Shahárach. Ní áiritear é mar speiceas atá i mbaol, ach tá sé ag éirí gann de réir a chéile in áiteanna nach tearmainn chosanta iad. (ga) Dubuk atau Hiena tutul, adalah mamalia karnivora dari suku Hyaenidae, yang jumlahnya terbanyak di antara spesies yang sekerabat dengannya. Meskipun daerah persebaran spesies ini selama masa prasejarah mencakup Eurasia dari sampai Cina, sekarang mereka hanya terdapat di seluruh Afrika di sebelah selatan Sahara kecuali . Dubuk hidup di sebuah komunitas yang disebut klan, yang terdiri sampai 80 individu. Dubuk adalah anggota terbesar yang diketahui dari familia Hyaenidae, secara fisik dubuk agak berbeda dari spesies Hiena lain karena bentuk tubuhnya yang samar-samar terlihat mirip beruang. Selain itu telinga dubuk biasanya membulat, surainya kurang menonjol, dan bulunya bertotol, giginya lebih dwiguna, putingnya lebih sedikit serta terdapat penis semu pada dubuk betina. Dubuk adalah satu-satunya spesies mamalia yang diketahui tidak memiliki lubang vagina eksternal, tetapi memiliki penis palsu. Meskipun sering kali dianggap sebagai hewan pemakan bangkai yang penakut, sebagian besar dubuk mendapatkan makanan dengan cara berburu hewan ungulata berukuran sedang, dan sering kali berselisih dengan singa mengenai masalah makanan dan wilayah kekuasaan. Mereka termasuk yang tercerdas di antara hewan karnivora, dengan penelitian yang mengindikasikan tingkat kecerdasan sosial mereka setara dengan spesies primata. Dubuk biasanya muncul dalam mitologi dan cerita rakyat Afrika, dengan penggambaran sosok yang berbeda-beda, mulai dari pembawa terang, sampai simbol kerusakan moral. (in) Crocuta crocuta Cet article pourrait être amélioré en traduisant l'article de Wikipédia en anglais : Spotted hyena. * anglais - Spotted hyena (article labellisé) Si vous connaissez bien la langue suggérée, vous pouvez faire cette traduction. Découvrez comment. La traduction de cet article ou de cette section doit être revue (mai 2020). Le contenu est difficilement compréhensible vu les erreurs de traduction, qui sont peut-être dues à l'utilisation d'un logiciel de traduction automatique.Discutez des points à améliorer en page de discussion ou modifiez l'article. Crocuta crocuta Hyène tachetée, parc national d'Etosha Espèce Crocuta crocuta(Erxleben, 1777) Répartition géographique Statut de conservation UICN LC : Préoccupation mineure La Hyène tachetée (Crocuta crocuta) est la plus grande des hyènes et est originaire d'Afrique subsaharienne. L’espèce est la seule représentante vivante appartenant au genre Crocuta. Elle est classée comme préoccupation mineure par l'UICN, pour autant les hyènes ont connu une spectaculaire régression de leur nombre ainsi que de leur aire de répartition, due notamment au braconnage et à la réduction de leur habitat, tout au long du XXe siècle. En 2014, leur population était estimée entre 27 000 et 47 000 individus. La hyène tachetée se distingue facilement des autres espèces de hyènes par ses oreilles courtes et rondes, son pelage tacheté et la présence d'un pseudo-pénis chez les femelles. La hyène tachetée est l'espèce la plus sociable du règne des carnivores avec de larges groupes d'individus et des comportements sociaux complexes. Son organisation sociale est différente de celle de tout autre carnivore et ressemble davantage à celle des primates cercopithèques (babouins et macaques) en ce qui concerne la taille du groupe, la structure hiérarchique et la fréquence des interactions sociales entre parents et membres du clan non apparenté. La hyène tachetée est un animal très performant, étant le grand carnivore le plus commun en Afrique. Son succès est dû en partie à sa capacité d'adaptation et à son opportunisme ; c'est avant tout un chasseur, mais c'est aussi un charognard souvent par cleptoparasitisme, capable de manger et de digérer les os, de la peau et les restes animaux. Sur le plan fonctionnel, la hyène tachetée est celle qui utilise le plus efficacement la matière animale de tous les carnivores africains. La hyène tachetée présente une plus grande plasticité dans son comportement de chasse et de recherche de nourriture que les autres carnivores africains. La hyène tachetée a une longue histoire d'interaction avec I'homme ; des représentations de I'espèce existent depuis le Paléolithique supérieur, avec des sculptures et des peintures des grottes de Lascaux et Chauvet. Cette espèce a une réputation largement négative tant dans la culture occidentale que dans le folklore africain. En Occident, l'espèce est surtout considérée comme laide et lâche, tandis que dans la culture africaine, elle est considérée comme avide, gloutonne, stupide, mais puissante et potentiellement dangereuse. (fr) The spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), also known as the laughing hyena, is a hyena species, currently classed as the sole extant member of the genus Crocuta, native to sub-Saharan Africa. It is listed as being of least concern by the IUCN on account of its widespread range and large numbers estimated between 27,000 and 47,000 individuals. The species is, however, experiencing declines outside of protected areas due to habitat loss and poaching. The species may have originated in Asia, and once ranged throughout Europe for at least one million years until the end of the Late Pleistocene. The spotted hyena is the largest known member of the Hyaenidae, and is further physically distinguished from other species by its vaguely bear-like build, its rounded ears, its less prominent mane, its spotted pelt, its more dual-purposed dentition, its fewer nipples and the presence of a in the female. It is the only placental mammalian species where females lack an external vaginal opening, having a pseudo-penis instead. The spotted hyena is the most social of the Carnivora in that it has the largest group sizes and most complex social behaviours. Its social organisation is unlike that of any other carnivore, bearing closer resemblance to that of cercopithecine primates (baboons and macaques) with respect to group size, hierarchical structure, and frequency of social interaction among both kin and unrelated group-mates. However, the social system of the spotted hyena is openly competitive rather than cooperative, with access to kills, mating opportunities and the time of dispersal for males depending on the ability to dominate other clan-members. Females provide only for their own cubs rather than assist each other, and males display no paternal care. Spotted hyena society is matriarchal; females are larger than males, and dominate them. The spotted hyena is a highly successful animal, being the most common large carnivore in Africa. Its success is due in part to its adaptability and opportunism; it is primarily a hunter but may also scavenge, with the capacity to eat and digest skin, bone and other animal waste. In functional terms, the spotted hyena makes the most efficient use of animal matter of all African carnivores. The spotted hyena displays greater plasticity in its hunting and foraging behaviour than other African carnivores; it hunts alone, in small parties of 2–5 individuals or in large groups. During a hunt, spotted hyenas often run through ungulate herds in order to select an individual to attack. Once selected, their prey is chased over a long distance, often several kilometres, at speeds of up to 60 km/h. The spotted hyena has a long history of interaction with humanity; depictions of the species exist from the Upper Paleolithic period, with carvings and paintings from the Lascaux and Chauvet Caves. The species has a largely negative reputation in both Western culture and African folklore. In the former, the species is mostly regarded as ugly and cowardly, while in the latter, it is viewed as greedy, gluttonous, stupid, and foolish, yet powerful and potentially dangerous. The majority of Western perceptions on the species can be found in the writings of Aristotle and Pliny the Elder, though in relatively unjudgmental form. Explicit, negative judgments occur in the Physiologus, where the animal is depicted as a hermaphrodite and grave-robber. The IUCN's hyena specialist group identifies the spotted hyena's negative reputation as detrimental to the species' continued survival, both in captivity and the wild. (en) ブチハイエナ（斑鬣犬、学名: Crocuta crocuta）は、哺乳綱ネコ目（食肉目）ハイエナ科ブチハイエナ属に分類される食肉類。本種のみでブチハイエナ属を構成する。 (ja) La iena macchiata (Crocuta crocuta, Erxleben, 1777), nota anche come iena ridens o iena maculata, è una iena indigena dell'Africa subsahariana. È classificata dall'IUCN tra le specie a rischio minimo, dato che ha un vastissimo areale e una popolazione stimata tra i 27.000 e i 47.000 esemplari. Nonostante ciò, la specie è in declino nelle zone non protette a causa del bracconaggio e della distruzione dell'habitat. È la iena odierna dalle dimensioni maggiori. Si distingue dalle altre specie per i tratti vagamente orsini, orecchie arrotondate, criniera poco fitta, pelo macchiato, dentatura a doppio scopo e la presenza di uno pseudo-pene nella femmina. È l'unica specie rimasta del genere Crocuta che durante il Pleistocene contava alcune forme che vivevano in Eurasia, sebbene lo stato tassonomico di tali popolazioni (tra cui le iene delle caverne occidentali ed orientali) sia tuttora dibattuto: certi studiosi le considerano sottospecie di iena macchiata e altri specie a sé stanti. La iena macchiata è il membro dell'ordine Carnivora più sociale, avendo i gruppi più numerosi e i comportamenti sociali più complessi. La sua organizzazione sociale mostra più somiglianze con quella dei primati cercopitecidi (babbuini e macachi) che degli altri carnivori nel numero di membri, struttura gerarchica e frequenza di incontri sia tra parenti sia tra gli esemplari non imparentati. Il sistema sociale della iena macchiata però è più competitivo che cooperativo: l'accesso al cibo, l'opportunità d'accoppiarsi e il tempo dopo il quale i maschi lasciano il gruppo dipendono dall'abilità di dominare gli altri. Le femmine curano solo i propri cuccioli, e i maschi non mostrano alcun interesse paterno. La società è matriarcale: le femmine sono più grosse dei maschi e li dominano. È un animale di grande successo, essendo il carnivoro di taglia grossa più comune dell'Africa. Ciò deriva sia dall'adattabilità sia dall'opportunismo; è prevalentemente cacciatrice, ma si nutre anche di carogne, capace di digerire pelle, ossa e altro. In termini funzionali, è il carnivoro che trae il maggior nutrimento possibile da una carcassa. Ha grande flessibilità nei comportamenti venatori e alimentari in confronto ad altri carnivori africani; caccia sia da sola che in gruppo. Durante la caccia le iene macchiate s'infiltrano nelle mandrie allo scopo di selezionare un individuo da attaccare, dopodiché lo inseguono per lunghe distanze, alla velocità fino a 60 km/h. La specie ha una reputazione negativa sia nella cultura occidentale sia nel folklore africano. Nella prima viene considerata come una bestia brutta e codarda, nel secondo è vista come una creatura avara, golosa e stupida, ma allo stesso tempo possente e pericolosa. La percezione occidentale della iena trae origine per lo più dalle scritture di Aristotele e Plinio il Vecchio, benché essi non la raffigurassero in termini necessariamente moralistici. Giudizi esplicitamente negativi furono espressi nel Fisiologo, dove venne raffigurata come un'ermafrodita tombarola. Il ramo dell'IUCN dedicato alla preservazione delle iene identifica questi pregiudizi come dannosi alla sopravvivenza della specie. (it) 점박이하이에나 혹은 얼룩하이에나, 얼룩점박이하이에나(학명: Crocuta crocuta)는 하이에나 중 몸집이 가장 크다. 점박이하이에나들은 굴집에서 공동생활을 한다. (ko) De gevlekte hyena (Crocuta crocuta) is een groot, wijdverspreid landroofdier dat in groepen leeft waarin de vrouwtjes dominant zijn. Het dier jaagt vooral 's nachts, alleen of in groepen en leeft voornamelijk van grotere hoefdieren, maar staat er ook om bekend dat het kadavers eet. De soort komt voor in Afrika, tussen ongeveer 17° noorderbreedte en 28° zuiderbreedte, van zeeniveau tot zo'n 4000 meter hoogte, en het dier leeft daar in verschillende habitats, van savannes tot moerassen, maar niet in de regenwouden van het Kongobekken. De soort staat wereldwijd op de lijst van de IUCN als niet-bedreigde soort (2014). (nl) Krokuta cętkowana, hiena cętkowana, hiena plamista (Crocuta crocuta) – gatunek drapieżnego ssaka z podrodziny hien (Hyaeninae) w obrębie rodziny hienowatych (Hyaenidae), największa ze współcześnie żyjących hien. (pl) A hiena-malhada (Crocuta crocuta) é a maior representante da família das hienas (Hyaenidae) sendo que uma fêmea adulta pesa de 70 a 90 kg, sendo até 12% maiores que os espécimes machos. A hiena-malhada vive em regiões da savana africana, sendo considerada um extraordinário predador. A fama de serem carniceiras não é merecida, pois são consideradas por alguns como caçadoras formidáveis, perseguindo suas presas a velocidades de até 64 km/h e caçando em grupos com até 100 indivíduos. Por possuírem um coração relativamente grande, seu vigor é igualmente notável, capazes de manter a perseguição a uma presa por longos períodos. (pt) Fläckig hyena (Crocuta crocuta) är ett däggdjur i familjen hyenor och placeras som ensam art i släktet Crocuta. Fläckig hyena finns bara i Afrika. (sv) 斑點鬣狗（学名：Crocuta crocuta），又名斑鬣狗、斑點土狼，是食肉目下的哺乳動物，為斑鬣狗屬下唯一的現存種。牠們体形中等偏大，是陸地上的肉食性動物，栖息地位於撒哈拉以南非洲。由於斑點鬣狗廣泛的分布區域及龐大的個體數量，牠們被國際自然保護聯盟登記為無危物種，估計個體數量約為 27,000 至 47,000 頭；然而，保護區外的斑點鬣狗個體卻因為棲息地喪失及偷獵數量正逐漸減少當中。斑點鬣狗被認為最早起源於亞洲，並且至少曾經在歐洲生存了一百萬年直到更新世的結束。斑點鬣狗為鬣狗科中現存體型最大的物種，並且與其他物種的有很大的差異，包括較圓的耳朵、較短的鬃毛、全身的斑點、較為強壯完整的齒式、較少的乳頭數目及雌性的假陰莖；同時斑點鬣狗也是唯一缺乏外陰戶的哺乳動物。 斑點鬣狗為食肉目中社會性最強的物種，能够发出低沉及像鳥的吠聲和很像人的笑聲，並具有很大的族群數量以及複雜的社交行為。斑點鬣狗的群體制度與其他食肉目十分不同，其群體數量、階級制度、與群體其他成員的互動頻率相較之下反而與靈長目（包括獼猴以及狒狒）更為相似。然而，群體中個體間在狩獵、交配中均偏向於競爭而非合作。雌性斑點鬣狗僅會照顧自己的幼獸，雄性則毫無育幼行為。斑點鬣狗為母系社會，由體型較大的雌性統御雄性。 斑點鬣狗經常被誤認為是吃腐肉的，大部份的食物都是搶奪來的食物，斑點鬣狗的消化系統十分強大，甚至可以消化獵物的皮、骨與其他一般動物難以進食消化的部分，是所有非洲掠食者中最能有效利用獵物所提供能量的物種。斑點鬣狗是撒哈拉以南非洲最普遍的掠食者（归功於牠們強大的適應能力以及投機主義），棲息在非洲的大草原。 斑點鬣狗與人類的互動具有很久遠的歷史，人類對牠們的描繪最早出現於舊石器時代晚期，包括拉斯科洞窟壁畫及肖維岩洞的繪畫與雕刻。斑點鬣狗在西方文化與非洲傳統宗教均具有不好的名聲。在前者中，斑點鬣狗被認為是醜陋且懦弱的動物；在後者中，則被認為是貪婪、暴食、愚笨但又具有力量與潛在危險性的動物。西方人對鬣狗的印象多來源自於亞里斯多德與老普林尼的寫作當中，雖然兩者的描述並沒帶有太多的批判。對斑點鬣狗的負面批判多半來自於《博物學者》，在其中牠們被描述為雌雄間性及喜好盜墓的動物。國際自然保護聯盟的鬣狗研究小組認為這樣的壞名聲對於斑鬣狗物種的存續上是有害的，不管是人工飼養個體還是野生個體。 (zh) Пятни́стая гие́на (лат. Crocuta crocuta) — млекопитающее из семейства гиеновых. Единственный современный вид рода Crocuta. (ru) Гієна плямиста (Crocuta crocuta) — ссавець родини Гієнових (Hyaenidae). Плямиста гієна порівняно широко розповсюджена в Африці. Присутня у майже всіх відкритих середовищах існування на південь від Сахари, включаючи напівпустелі, савани і рідколісся, щільні сухі ліси, і навіть гірські місця проживання, наприклад, на , горах Кенії, на Ефіопському нагір'ї до висоти 4100 м над рівнем моря. (uk) |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Spotted_hyena_in_Madikwe_Game_Reserve.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://archive.org/details/brehmslifeofanim00breh%7Ctitle=Brehm's http://www.check123.com/videos/900-spotted-hyena-female-genitalia%3Fsource=carousel http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/1998-013.pdf%7Cyear=1998%7Cisbn=978-2-8317-0442-5%7Caccess-date=24 https://archive.org/details/africangametrail01roos%7Ctitle=African https://archive.org/details/animallifeinafri01steviala%7Ctitle=Animal https://archive.org/stream/femaleexternalge3133davi%23page/n5/mode/2up https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=7ann2dYn9iYC&pg=PA377 https://web.archive.org/web/20080611035052/http:/www.hyaenidae.org/the-hyaenidae/spotted-hyena-crocuta-crocuta.html https://web.archive.org/web/20130506084714/http:/data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/1998-013.pdf%7Curl-status=dead https://web.archive.org/web/20141027025919/http:/www.suzieszterhas.com/a/pdf/BBC_WL_SUM08_HYENA_final.pdf https://archive.org/details/gameanimalsofafr00lydeiala%7Ctitle=The https://archive.org/details/velvetclawnatura00macd https://archive.org/details/safaricompaniong00este_0 https://archive.org/details/carnivoresofwest00rose%7Ctitle=The https://archive.org/details/isbn_0520080858 |
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| dbp:align | right (en) |
| dbp:authority | (en) |
| dbp:fossilRange | Late Pleistocene - Present (en) |
| dbp:genus | Crocuta (en) |
| dbp:image | Spotted Hyaena .ogg (en) |
| dbp:image2Caption | Whooping recorded in Umfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa (en) |
| dbp:imageCaption | At Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa (en) |
| dbp:name | Spotted hyena (en) |
| dbp:quote | As several distinguished authors of the present age have undertaken to reconcile the world to the Great Man-Killer of Modern times; as Aaron Burr has found an apologist, and almost a eulogist; and as learned commentators have recently discovered that even Judas Iscariot was a true disciple, we are rather surprised to find that someone has not undertaken to render the family of Hyenas popular and amiable in the eyes of mankind. Certain it is, that few marked characters in history have suffered more from the malign inventions of prejudice (en) |
| dbp:rangeMap | Spotted Hyaena area.png (en) |
| dbp:rangeMapCaption | Range of the spotted hyena (en) |
| dbp:species | crocuta (en) |
| dbp:status | LC (en) |
| dbp:statusSystem | IUCN3.1 (en) |
| dbp:synonyms | (en) thomasi (en) gariepensis (en) maculata (en) kibonotensis (en) capensis (en) rufa (en) fortis (en) cuvieri (en) germinans (en) noltei (en) rufopicta (en) thierryi (en) wissmanni (en) togoensis (en) panganensis (en) sivalensis (en) (Bory de St. Vincent, 1825) (en) (Cabrera, 1911) (en) (Desmarest, 1817) (en) (Falconer and Cautley in Falconer, 1868) (en) (Heller, 1914) (en) (J. A. Allen, 1924) (en) (Lönnberg, 1908) (en) (Matschie, 1900) (en) (Satunin, 1905) (en) (Thunberg, 1811) (en) (de Blainville, 1844) (en) fisi (en) habessynica (en) leontiewi (en) nzoyae (en) |
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| gold:hypernym | dbr:Hyena |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing dbo:Mammal yago:WikicatMonotypicMammalGenera yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:Animal100015388 yago:BiologicalGroup107941170 yago:Canine102083346 yago:Carnivore102075296 yago:Chordate101466257 yago:Genus108108972 yago:Group100031264 yago:Hyena102117135 yago:LivingThing100004258 yago:Mammal101861778 yago:MammalGenus101864707 yago:Object100002684 yago:Organism100004475 yago:PhysicalEntity100001930 yago:Placental101886756 yago:WikicatHyenas dbo:Insect yago:TaxonomicGroup107992450 yago:Vertebrate101471682 yago:Whole100003553 |
| rdfs:comment | الضَبُعُ الرَقطاء أو الذِيْخ هو حيوان من فصيلة الضباع، مشهور بعوائه الغريب الذي يشبه ضحكة هستيرية للإنسان. ويحصل الضبع على غذائه باصطياد الحيوانات، كما أنه يأكل بقايا الحيوانات النافقة التي يعثر عليها. والنوع الأكثر شيوعا هو الضبع المرقط أو الضبع الضاحك، وهناك أنواع أخرى منها الضبع المخطط أو الضبع البني. (ar) La hiena tacada (Crocuta crocuta) és una espècie de mamífer carnívor de la familia de les hienes (Hyaenidae), de la qual és l'espècie viva més forta i grossa. (ca) Hyena skvrnitá (Crocuta crocuta) je největší druh hyeny vyskytující se v Africe, jižně od Sahary. Je zároveň nejhojnější velkou africkou šelmou, celkový počet zvířat žijících ve volné přírodě se pohybuje mezi 27 000 a 47 000 (stav k roku 2015). Jedná se o potravního oportunistu – predátora i mrchožrouta zároveň, který žije ve smečkách obvykle zvaných klany. Hyeny jsou pozorné a pečlivé matky, proto známé přirovnání „hyení matka“ určené nezodpovědným lidským matkám je naprosto scestné. Ačkoliv dochází k postupnému poklesu počtu jedinců, Mezinárodní svaz ochrany přírody hodnotí hyenu skvrnitou jako málo dotčený druh. (cs) Die Tüpfelhyäne oder Fleckenhyäne (Crocuta crocuta) ist eine Raubtierart aus der Familie der Hyänen (Hyaenidae). Sie ist die größte Hyänenart und durch ihr namensgebendes geflecktes Fell gekennzeichnet; ein weiteres Charakteristikum ist die „Vermännlichung“ des Genitaltraktes der Weibchen. Die Art besiedelt weite Teile Afrikas und ernährt sich vorwiegend von größeren, selbst gerissenen Wirbeltieren. Tüpfelhyänen leben in Gruppen mit einer komplexen Sozialstruktur, die bis zu 130 Tiere umfassen können und von Weibchen dominiert werden. Die Jungtiere, die zwar bei der Geburt schon weit entwickelt sind, aber über ein Jahr lang gesäugt werden, werden in Gemeinschaftsbauten großgezogen. (de) Hiena pikarta (Crocuta crocuta) Crocuta genero monotipikoko espezie bakarra da. Karniboro ordenaren barruko Hyaenidae familian sailkatuta dago. Egun Afrikan baino ez da bizi: han 27.000 eta 47.000 espezimen artean geratzen dira, baina Pleistozenoren amaieran eta milioi bat urtez, Europan ere bizi izan zen (Crocuta crocuta spelaea azpiespeziea hain zuzen ere). (eu) La hiena manchada o hiena moteada (Crocuta crocuta) es una especie de mamífero carnívoro de la familia Hyaenidae. Habita en África al sur del Sáhara en praderas y terrenos abiertos llanos, ausente de la cuenca del río Congo, Madagascar, casi toda Sudáfrica y desiertos como el Namib. Puede encontrarse incluso cerca de asentamientos humanos. Es la única especie de su género y no se reconocen subespecies vivientes. aunque durante el Pleistoceno vivió una subespecie, la hiena de las cavernas (C. c. spelaea). (es) Is ainmhí é an Hiéana breac (Crocuta crocuta), ar a dtugtar freisin a hiéana an gháire. Mamach atá ann. Dúchasach an lá atá inniu ann san Afraic Fho-Shahárach. Ní áiritear é mar speiceas atá i mbaol, ach tá sé ag éirí gann de réir a chéile in áiteanna nach tearmainn chosanta iad. (ga) ブチハイエナ（斑鬣犬、学名: Crocuta crocuta）は、哺乳綱ネコ目（食肉目）ハイエナ科ブチハイエナ属に分類される食肉類。本種のみでブチハイエナ属を構成する。 (ja) 점박이하이에나 혹은 얼룩하이에나, 얼룩점박이하이에나(학명: Crocuta crocuta)는 하이에나 중 몸집이 가장 크다. 점박이하이에나들은 굴집에서 공동생활을 한다. (ko) De gevlekte hyena (Crocuta crocuta) is een groot, wijdverspreid landroofdier dat in groepen leeft waarin de vrouwtjes dominant zijn. Het dier jaagt vooral 's nachts, alleen of in groepen en leeft voornamelijk van grotere hoefdieren, maar staat er ook om bekend dat het kadavers eet. De soort komt voor in Afrika, tussen ongeveer 17° noorderbreedte en 28° zuiderbreedte, van zeeniveau tot zo'n 4000 meter hoogte, en het dier leeft daar in verschillende habitats, van savannes tot moerassen, maar niet in de regenwouden van het Kongobekken. De soort staat wereldwijd op de lijst van de IUCN als niet-bedreigde soort (2014). (nl) Krokuta cętkowana, hiena cętkowana, hiena plamista (Crocuta crocuta) – gatunek drapieżnego ssaka z podrodziny hien (Hyaeninae) w obrębie rodziny hienowatych (Hyaenidae), największa ze współcześnie żyjących hien. (pl) A hiena-malhada (Crocuta crocuta) é a maior representante da família das hienas (Hyaenidae) sendo que uma fêmea adulta pesa de 70 a 90 kg, sendo até 12% maiores que os espécimes machos. A hiena-malhada vive em regiões da savana africana, sendo considerada um extraordinário predador. A fama de serem carniceiras não é merecida, pois são consideradas por alguns como caçadoras formidáveis, perseguindo suas presas a velocidades de até 64 km/h e caçando em grupos com até 100 indivíduos. Por possuírem um coração relativamente grande, seu vigor é igualmente notável, capazes de manter a perseguição a uma presa por longos períodos. (pt) Fläckig hyena (Crocuta crocuta) är ett däggdjur i familjen hyenor och placeras som ensam art i släktet Crocuta. Fläckig hyena finns bara i Afrika. (sv) Пятни́стая гие́на (лат. Crocuta crocuta) — млекопитающее из семейства гиеновых. Единственный современный вид рода Crocuta. (ru) Гієна плямиста (Crocuta crocuta) — ссавець родини Гієнових (Hyaenidae). Плямиста гієна порівняно широко розповсюджена в Африці. Присутня у майже всіх відкритих середовищах існування на південь від Сахари, включаючи напівпустелі, савани і рідколісся, щільні сухі ліси, і навіть гірські місця проживання, наприклад, на , горах Кенії, на Ефіопському нагір'ї до висоти 4100 м над рівнем моря. (uk) Η στικτή ύαινα (Crocuta crocuta), επίσης γνωστή ως γελαστή ύαινα (και ως κροκόττας, κοροκόττας, κοροκότας ή κροκούττας), είναι είδος ύαινας, που προς το παρόν χαρακτηρίζεται ως το μοναδικό υπάρχον μέλος του γένους Crocuta, που προέρχεται από την υποσαχάρια Αφρική. Είναι καταγεγραμμένη ως όντας ελάχιστης ανυσηχίας από την IUCN λόγω της ευρύτατης έκτασης και του μεγάλου αριθμού της που εκτιμάται μεταξύ 27.000 και 47.000 ατόμων. Ωστόσο, το είδος αντιμετωπίζει μειώσεις έξω από τις προστατευόμενες περιοχές εξαιτίας της απώλειας οικοτόπων και της λαθροθηρίας. Το είδος μπορεί να έχει προέλθει από την Ασία, και κάποτε εκτεινόταν σε όλη την Ευρώπη για τουλάχιστον ένα εκατομμύριο χρόνια μέχρι το τέλος του Ύστερου Πλειστόκαινου. Η στικτή ύαινα είναι το μεγαλύτερο γνωστό μέλος των Υαινιδών και φυσικά (el) Makulhieno aŭ Punktohieno (Crocuta crocuta), konata ankaŭ kiel ridhieno, estas specio de hieno, nuntempe klasita kiel sola membro de la genro Crocuta, indiĝena de Sub-Sahara Afriko. Ĝi estis listita kiel Malplej Zorgiga fare de IUCN pro ties ampleksa teritorio kaj grandaj nombroj ĉirkaŭkalkulitaj inter 27,000 kaj 47,000 individuoj. La specio tamen suferas malpliiĝon ekster protektitaj areoj pro habitatoperdo kaj ŝtelĉasado. La specio povus esti origina en Azio, kaj iam ĝi havis teritorion tra Eŭropo dum almenaŭ unu miliono da jaroj ĝis la fino de la fina Pleistoceno. La Makulhieno estas la plej granda konata membro de Hienedoj, kaj estas pli distinga fizike el aliaj specioj pro sia svage urseca aspekto, sia rondoformaj oreloj, sia malpli elstara kapohararo, sia punkteca felo, sia pli duobl (eo) Crocuta crocuta Cet article pourrait être amélioré en traduisant l'article de Wikipédia en anglais : Spotted hyena. * anglais - Spotted hyena (article labellisé) Si vous connaissez bien la langue suggérée, vous pouvez faire cette traduction. Découvrez comment. La traduction de cet article ou de cette section doit être revue (mai 2020). Le contenu est difficilement compréhensible vu les erreurs de traduction, qui sont peut-être dues à l'utilisation d'un logiciel de traduction automatique.Discutez des points à améliorer en page de discussion ou modifiez l'article. Espèce Répartition géographique (fr) The spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), also known as the laughing hyena, is a hyena species, currently classed as the sole extant member of the genus Crocuta, native to sub-Saharan Africa. It is listed as being of least concern by the IUCN on account of its widespread range and large numbers estimated between 27,000 and 47,000 individuals. The species is, however, experiencing declines outside of protected areas due to habitat loss and poaching. The species may have originated in Asia, and once ranged throughout Europe for at least one million years until the end of the Late Pleistocene. The spotted hyena is the largest known member of the Hyaenidae, and is further physically distinguished from other species by its vaguely bear-like build, its rounded ears, its less prominent mane, its spott (en) Dubuk atau Hiena tutul, adalah mamalia karnivora dari suku Hyaenidae, yang jumlahnya terbanyak di antara spesies yang sekerabat dengannya. Meskipun daerah persebaran spesies ini selama masa prasejarah mencakup Eurasia dari sampai Cina, sekarang mereka hanya terdapat di seluruh Afrika di sebelah selatan Sahara kecuali . Dubuk hidup di sebuah komunitas yang disebut klan, yang terdiri sampai 80 individu. Dubuk biasanya muncul dalam mitologi dan cerita rakyat Afrika, dengan penggambaran sosok yang berbeda-beda, mulai dari pembawa terang, sampai simbol kerusakan moral. (in) La iena macchiata (Crocuta crocuta, Erxleben, 1777), nota anche come iena ridens o iena maculata, è una iena indigena dell'Africa subsahariana. È classificata dall'IUCN tra le specie a rischio minimo, dato che ha un vastissimo areale e una popolazione stimata tra i 27.000 e i 47.000 esemplari. Nonostante ciò, la specie è in declino nelle zone non protette a causa del bracconaggio e della distruzione dell'habitat. (it) 斑點鬣狗（学名：Crocuta crocuta），又名斑鬣狗、斑點土狼，是食肉目下的哺乳動物，為斑鬣狗屬下唯一的現存種。牠們体形中等偏大，是陸地上的肉食性動物，栖息地位於撒哈拉以南非洲。由於斑點鬣狗廣泛的分布區域及龐大的個體數量，牠們被國際自然保護聯盟登記為無危物種，估計個體數量約為 27,000 至 47,000 頭；然而，保護區外的斑點鬣狗個體卻因為棲息地喪失及偷獵數量正逐漸減少當中。斑點鬣狗被認為最早起源於亞洲，並且至少曾經在歐洲生存了一百萬年直到更新世的結束。斑點鬣狗為鬣狗科中現存體型最大的物種，並且與其他物種的有很大的差異，包括較圓的耳朵、較短的鬃毛、全身的斑點、較為強壯完整的齒式、較少的乳頭數目及雌性的假陰莖；同時斑點鬣狗也是唯一缺乏外陰戶的哺乳動物。 斑點鬣狗為食肉目中社會性最強的物種，能够发出低沉及像鳥的吠聲和很像人的笑聲，並具有很大的族群數量以及複雜的社交行為。斑點鬣狗的群體制度與其他食肉目十分不同，其群體數量、階級制度、與群體其他成員的互動頻率相較之下反而與靈長目（包括獼猴以及狒狒）更為相似。然而，群體中個體間在狩獵、交配中均偏向於競爭而非合作。雌性斑點鬣狗僅會照顧自己的幼獸，雄性則毫無育幼行為。斑點鬣狗為母系社會，由體型較大的雌性統御雄性。 (zh) |
| rdfs:label | Spotted hyena (en) ضبع رقطاء (ar) Hiena tacada (ca) Hyena skvrnitá (cs) Tüpfelhyäne (de) Ύαινα η στικτή (el) Makulhieno (eo) Crocuta crocuta (es) Hiena pikart (eu) Hiéana an gháire (ga) Hyène tachetée (fr) Dubuk (in) Crocuta crocuta (it) 점박이하이에나 (ko) ブチハイエナ (ja) Gevlekte hyena (nl) Krokuta cętkowana (pl) Hiena-malhada (pt) Пятнистая гиена (ru) Fläckig hyena (sv) 斑鬣狗 (zh) Гієна плямиста (uk) |
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dbr:African_Cats dbr:African_buffalo dbr:African_bush_elephant dbr:African_humid_period dbr:African_wild_dog dbr:African_wolf dbr:Aggretsuko dbr:Agriotherium dbr:Al_Areen_Wildlife_Park dbr:Alexandria_Zoo dbr:Altina_Wildlife_Park dbr:Amboseli_National_Park dbr:American_cheetah dbr:Dynasties_(2018_TV_series) dbr:Dzanga-Sangha_Special_Reserve dbr:Erigavo dbr:Erindi_Private_Game_Reserve dbr:Eritrea dbr:Etosha_National_Park dbr:Evolutionary_history_of_spotted_hyenas dbr:Fastest_animals dbr:Feliformia dbr:Field_Museum_of_Natural_History dbr:Fossa_(animal) dbr:Night_Safari,_Singapore dbr:Nile_crocodile dbr:Niumi_National_Park dbr:Njesi_Highlands dbr:Nkasa_Rupara_National_Park dbr:Osnabrück_Zoo dbr:Pachycrocuta dbr:Paranthropus_robustus dbr:Central_Kalahari_Game_Reserve dbr:Central_Zambezian_miombo_woodlands dbr:Kapama_Game_Reserve |
| is dbp:imageCaption of | dbr:Crocuta |
| is dbp:species of | dbr:Bud_and_Lou |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Spotted_hyena |
