Underground city (original) (raw)
Une ville souterraine est un ensemble d'édifices et de constructions souterraines urbaines reliés entre eux par un réseau de tunnels ou accessibles depuis la surface.
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| dbo:abstract | Eine Untergrundstadt ist ein Tunnelnetzwerk, das Gebäude unterirdisch miteinander verbindet. In der Regel liegen diese in Innenstädten. Sie verbinden unter anderem Behörden, Einkaufszentren, Bahnhöfe und U-Bahn-Stationen miteinander. Der Zugang zu diesen Netzwerken wird meist über mehrere öffentliche Eingänge ermöglicht. Untergrundstädte liegen manchmal in Städten, die sich in einer kalten Klimazone befinden, so dass das öffentliche Leben unabhängig vom Wetter vonstattengehen kann. Die berühmteste Untergrundstadt ist die Ville intérieure in der kanadischen Stadt Montreal. Diese umfasst rund 32 Kilometer Tunnel und reicht über 12 Quadratkilometer, womit sie das weltweit längste Tunnelnetzwerk bildet. Das Tunnelsystem PATH in Toronto verfügt über die größten Ladenflächen. In Deutschland gibt es in mehreren Städten größere Fußgängertunnelsysteme. In Frankfurt am Main existieren an zahlreichen U- und S-Bahnhöfen jeweils sogenannte B-Ebenen. In Hamburg sind die Bahnhöfe „Jungfernstieg“ und „Rathaus“ durch Fußgängertunnel miteinander verbunden. In Stuttgart verbindet eine größere Einkaufsstraße den Hauptbahnhof mit der Königstraße. In Nürnberg verbindet eine Passage ebenso den Hauptbahnhof mit der dortigen Königstraße. Daneben gibt es noch im U-Bahnhof Lorenzkirche ein weitverzweigtes Verteilergeschoss mit Geschäften und Anschluss an zwei Kaufhäuser. In München existieren mehrere unterirdische Zwischenetagen über U-Bahn-Stationen und S-Bahn-Tunnelbahnhöfen, die als Sperrengeschosse bezeichnet werden. Die beiden größten Tunnelsysteme der Stadt sind am Hauptbahnhof und der unter dem Karlsplatz (Stachus) gelegenen S- und U-Bahn-Station. Diese liegen nur 100 Meter voneinander entfernt und sind indirekt über ein Kaufhaus, das an beide Untergeschosse Anschluss hat, sowie über U-Bahn- und S-Bahn-Linien verbunden. In der Schweiz besitzen Genf sowie Zürich (Shopville) größere unterirdische Einkaufszentren. In Paris können längere Strecken zu Fuß unter Tage zurückgelegt werden, durch Benutzung des weitverzweigten Zugangs- und Verbindungstunnelnetzes der Metro. In einzelnen Stationen, wie z. B. Montparnasse, existieren sogar Laufbänder. Die nordfranzösische Stadt Arras ist untertunnelt. Im Ersten Weltkrieg konnten die Alliierten Arras gegenüber allen Angriffen der Deutschen behaupten – maßgeblich dank eines gigantischen, unterhalb der Stadt angelegten Tunnelsystems, in dem bis zu 24.000 Soldaten untergebracht werden konnten. (de) Una ciudad subterránea es una red de túneles que conectan edificios, normalmente del área central de una ciudad, como por ejemplo edificios de oficinas, centros comerciales, estaciones de tren y metro, teatros, y otras instalaciones. Normalmente se accede a una ciudad subterránea a través del espacio público de cualquiera de los edificios que conectan con ella, y a veces también dispone de entradas separadas. Las ciudades subterráneas son especialmente importantes en lugares con un clima frío, ya que permiten a sus ciudadanos disfrutar de los servicios del centro sin tener en cuenta los problemas del clima. Las ciudades subterráneas son similares en su naturaleza a los sistemas de pasarelas elevadas (llamados "skyway systems"), y pueden incluir también edificios interconectados mediante pasarelas elevadas, o pasillos a nivel de suelo, en vez de pasajes subterráneos. La ciudad subterránea más conocida y transitada del mundo es Montreal, Canadá. (es) Kota bawah tanah adalah serangkaian ruang bawah tanah yang saling terhubung dan dapat memberikan perlindungan defensif sebagai tempat tinggal, bekerja, berbelanja, sistem angkutan, makam, gudang penyimpanan, waduk atau saluran drainase bawah tanah, dan lain sebagianya yang memiliki struktur atau tata ruang mirip dengan kota-kota yang berada di atas permukaan tanah. Istilah ini juga dapat merujuk pada jaringan terowongan yang menghubungkan bangunan di bawah permukaan jalan yang dapat menampung blok perkantoran, pusat perbelanjaan, stasiun metro, teater, dan lokasi lainnya. Lorong-lorong ini biasanya dapat diakses melalui ruang publik dari salah satu bangunan yang menghubungkannya, dan terkadang memiliki pintu masuk yang terpisah juga. Definisi yang terakhir ini mencakup banyak struktur modern, sedangkan yang pertama lebih umum mencakup sistem terowongan yang dibangun dari zaman kuno hingga saat ini. Kota bawah tanah terutama berfungsi di kota-kota dengan iklim yang sangat dingin atau panas, karena memungkinkan aktivitas dapat diakses dengan nyaman sepanjang tahun tanpa memperhatikan cuaca. Kota-kota bawah tanah memiliki sifat yang mirip dengan sistem jalan raya atas dan mungkin mencakup beberapa bangunan yang dihubungkan oleh jalan raya atau koridor di atas tanah, alih-alih dihubungkan langsung mengunakan lorong bawah tanah. Beberapa kota di dunia juga memiliki terowongan bawah tanah yang telah ditinggalkan. (in) Une ville souterraine est un ensemble d'édifices et de constructions souterraines urbaines reliés entre eux par un réseau de tunnels ou accessibles depuis la surface. (fr) An underground city is a series of linked subterranean spaces that may provide a defensive refuge; a place for living, working or shopping; a transit system; mausolea; wine or storage cellars; cisterns or drainage channels; or several of these. Underground cities may be currently active modern creations or they may be historic including ancient sites, some of which may be all or partially open to the public. The term may also refer to a network of tunnels that connects buildings beneath street level that may house office blocks, shopping malls, metro stations, theatres, and other attractions. These passages can usually be accessed through the public space of any of the buildings connecting to them, and sometimes have separate entries as well. This latter definition encompasses many modern structures, whereas the former more generally covers tunnel systems from ancient times to the present day. Underground cities are especially functional in cities with very cold or hot climates, because they permit activities to be comfortably accessible year round without regard to the weather. Underground cities are similar in nature to skyway systems and may include some buildings linked by skyways or above-ground corridors rather than underground. Some cities also have tunnels that have been abandoned. (en) 지하상가(地下商街)는 지하도에 설치된 불특정 다수를 위한 상가이다. 대도시의 철도역에서 자동차와 보행자의 교통을 편리하기 위해 지하 보도 및 주차장, 지하철 입구를 일체로 정비한 곳이 많다.지하상가에는 상점과 식당이 많다. (ko) 地下街（ちかがい）とは、地下に設置された不特定多数の通行のための歩道に面した商店街である。 (ja) Con l'espressione città sotterranea si usa comunemente definire l'insieme di gallerie che, correndo attraverso il sottosuolo ed i grattacieli di un centro cittadino, permettono alle persone di rimanere all'interno di una determinata area commerciale senza dover uscire all'aria aperta durante i mesi invernali freddi. Il concetto di città sotterranea è ben conosciuto in Canada dove, durante i mesi invernali, le temperature possono scendere di molti gradi al di sotto dello zero. La maggior parte delle città canadesi dispone di questo intricato sistema di gallerie, e la città ad avere la più grande città sotterranea è Montréal, la quale dispone di circa 30 km di gallerie. Altrettanto diffuse sono in Giappone, dove la più grande città sotterranea è situata a Sapporo, tuttavia Tokyo detiene il record per la quantità totale di aree sotterranee. Molte di queste aree sono state realizzate congiuntamente con i lavori per le diverse linee metropolitane. Il concetto urbanistico della città sotterranea prevede che, in una determinata area, vengano ricavate delle gallerie le quali possono scorrere nel sottosuolo, all'interno del basamento dei grattacieli oppure al di sotto delle fondamenta stesse.In molti casi, queste gallerie fuoriescono dal sottosuolo per attraversare i grattacieli al loro interno e permettere alle persone di attraversarli, dall'uno all'altro, grazie all'utilizzo dei cosiddetti connectors (connettori), veri e propri passaggi pedonali coperti, spesso costruiti in acciaio e vetro, i quali attraversano le strade a diversi metri d'altezza per poi rientrare nei grattacieli. (it) Подземный город представляет собой ряд связанных между собой подземных сооружений, как естественных (например, пещеры), так и искусственных (например, туннели), которые могут служить: бомбоубежищем, местом для жизни, работы или шоппинга, транспортной системой, мавзолеем, винным или складским погребом; подземной цистерной для хранения пресной воды и т. д. Данный термин также относится к сетям туннелей, которые соединяют между собой здания под уровнем улицы, в которых могут размещаться офисные помещения, торговые центры, станции метро, театры и другие достопримечательности. Эти туннели обычно могут быть легко доступны пешеходам через общественные пространства любых соединённых между собой данными туннели зданий, и иногда также могут иметь отдельные входы. Это последнее определение охватывает многие современные системы подземных городов. Подземные города особенно эффективны в городах с очень холодным или жарким климатом, потому что они позволяют общественным пространствам быть легко доступными для пешеходов круглый год независимо от погоды. Система подземного города схожа с надземной системой Skyway (мостовые переходы между домами) и частичной может быть с ней связана. (ru) 地下街，指設置於地下，並設有供不特定民眾通行的通道的商店街。除此之外，有的地下街也會同時設立停車場、电影院等。 地下街的出現，可以分擔當地地面上人車爭路的人流。 地下街令繁華的城市立體化發展，它跟路面商場間的行人天橋和架空平台建設，有近似的效果。 由於城市軌道交通的發展，不少地下街都連接地鐵站，亦有不少城市（如臺北、深圳）藉建造城市軌道交通時一併興建地下街。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | Une ville souterraine est un ensemble d'édifices et de constructions souterraines urbaines reliés entre eux par un réseau de tunnels ou accessibles depuis la surface. (fr) 지하상가(地下商街)는 지하도에 설치된 불특정 다수를 위한 상가이다. 대도시의 철도역에서 자동차와 보행자의 교통을 편리하기 위해 지하 보도 및 주차장, 지하철 입구를 일체로 정비한 곳이 많다.지하상가에는 상점과 식당이 많다. (ko) 地下街（ちかがい）とは、地下に設置された不特定多数の通行のための歩道に面した商店街である。 (ja) 地下街，指設置於地下，並設有供不特定民眾通行的通道的商店街。除此之外，有的地下街也會同時設立停車場、电影院等。 地下街的出現，可以分擔當地地面上人車爭路的人流。 地下街令繁華的城市立體化發展，它跟路面商場間的行人天橋和架空平台建設，有近似的效果。 由於城市軌道交通的發展，不少地下街都連接地鐵站，亦有不少城市（如臺北、深圳）藉建造城市軌道交通時一併興建地下街。 (zh) Eine Untergrundstadt ist ein Tunnelnetzwerk, das Gebäude unterirdisch miteinander verbindet. In der Regel liegen diese in Innenstädten. Sie verbinden unter anderem Behörden, Einkaufszentren, Bahnhöfe und U-Bahn-Stationen miteinander. Der Zugang zu diesen Netzwerken wird meist über mehrere öffentliche Eingänge ermöglicht. Untergrundstädte liegen manchmal in Städten, die sich in einer kalten Klimazone befinden, so dass das öffentliche Leben unabhängig vom Wetter vonstattengehen kann. In der Schweiz besitzen Genf sowie Zürich (Shopville) größere unterirdische Einkaufszentren. (de) Una ciudad subterránea es una red de túneles que conectan edificios, normalmente del área central de una ciudad, como por ejemplo edificios de oficinas, centros comerciales, estaciones de tren y metro, teatros, y otras instalaciones. Normalmente se accede a una ciudad subterránea a través del espacio público de cualquiera de los edificios que conectan con ella, y a veces también dispone de entradas separadas. La ciudad subterránea más conocida y transitada del mundo es Montreal, Canadá. (es) Kota bawah tanah adalah serangkaian ruang bawah tanah yang saling terhubung dan dapat memberikan perlindungan defensif sebagai tempat tinggal, bekerja, berbelanja, sistem angkutan, makam, gudang penyimpanan, waduk atau saluran drainase bawah tanah, dan lain sebagianya yang memiliki struktur atau tata ruang mirip dengan kota-kota yang berada di atas permukaan tanah. Beberapa kota di dunia juga memiliki terowongan bawah tanah yang telah ditinggalkan. (in) An underground city is a series of linked subterranean spaces that may provide a defensive refuge; a place for living, working or shopping; a transit system; mausolea; wine or storage cellars; cisterns or drainage channels; or several of these. Underground cities may be currently active modern creations or they may be historic including ancient sites, some of which may be all or partially open to the public. Some cities also have tunnels that have been abandoned. (en) Con l'espressione città sotterranea si usa comunemente definire l'insieme di gallerie che, correndo attraverso il sottosuolo ed i grattacieli di un centro cittadino, permettono alle persone di rimanere all'interno di una determinata area commerciale senza dover uscire all'aria aperta durante i mesi invernali freddi. Il concetto di città sotterranea è ben conosciuto in Canada dove, durante i mesi invernali, le temperature possono scendere di molti gradi al di sotto dello zero. (it) Подземный город представляет собой ряд связанных между собой подземных сооружений, как естественных (например, пещеры), так и искусственных (например, туннели), которые могут служить: бомбоубежищем, местом для жизни, работы или шоппинга, транспортной системой, мавзолеем, винным или складским погребом; подземной цистерной для хранения пресной воды и т. д. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Untergrundstadt (de) Ciudad subterránea (es) Kota bawah tanah (in) Città sotterranea (it) Ville souterraine (fr) 지하상가 (ko) 地下街 (ja) Подземный город (ru) Underground city (en) 地下街 (zh) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:Taipei_Underground_Market |
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