Mountain War (Lebanon) (original) (raw)
- حرب الجبل هي مجموعة من الاشتباكات العنيفة حصلت بين المرحلة الثالثة والمرحلة الرابعة من الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية. وضعت الحرب الجيش اللبناني والقوات اللبنانية بمواجهة تحالف من المجموعات اليسارية والإسلامية المعارضة للحكومة، يقودها الحزب التقدمي الاشتراكي بدعم من منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية وسوريا. بدأ النزاع عندما دخل الجيش اللبناني والقوات اللبنانية منطقة الشوف ذات الأغلبية الدرزية التي تقع جنوب شرق العاصمة بيروت، لإعادتها تحت سيطرة الحكومة، لكنها تعرّضت لمقاومة شديدة من الميليشيات الدرزية وحلفائها. أرتكب خلال الحرب العديد من المجازر في حق المدنيين، وتسببت في تدمير العشرات من قرى المنطقة وتهجير سكانها، بالإضافة إلى تفكك الجيش اللبناني وسقوط الحكومة في عهد رئيس الجمهورية أمين الجميل. (ar)
- The Mountain War (Arabic: حرب الجبل | Harb al-Jabal), also known as the War of the Mountain and Guerre de la Montagne in French, was a subconflict between the 1982–83 phase of the Lebanese Civil War and the 1984–89 phase of the Lebanese Civil War, which occurred at the mountainous Chouf District located south-east of the Lebanese Capital Beirut. It pitted the Christian Lebanese Forces militia (LF) and the official Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) against a coalition of anti-government Muslim leftist militias led by the Druze Progressive Socialist Party (PSP), backed by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and Syria. Hostilities began when the LF and the LAF entered the predominantly Druze Chouf district to bring back the region under government control, only to be met with fierce resistance from local Druze militias and their allies. The PSP leader Walid Jumblatt's persistence to join the central government and his instigation of a wider opposition faction led to disintegration of the already fragile LAF and the eventual collapse of the government under President Amin Gemayel. (en)
- Wojna w Górach Szuf lub Wojna górska (arab. حرب الجبل) – konflikt zbrojny stoczony w Górach Szuf w okresie wojny domowej w Libanie między chrześcijańskimi Siłami Libańskimi a milicjami druzyjskimi z Socjalistycznej Partii Postępu, wspieranymi przez formacje palestyńskie i syryjskie. (pl)
- 黎巴嫩山战争是黎巴嫩内战第三阶段(1982年至1983年)和第四阶段(1984年至1990年)期间的一场大规模冲突。冲突发生于黎巴嫩首都贝鲁特东南多山的乔福区。 (zh)
- *France
- Supported by:
- *PFLP
- PLO
- Amal
- *SSNP
- Lebanese Armed Forces
- *Syrian Army
- **Popular Guard
- Lebanese Forces
- **22pxPeople's Liberation Army
- *22px|borderFatah
- *LCP
- *PSP
- *United States(Until 1983)
- 22px|borderDruzeYezbaki clan
- INM
- Islamic Jihad Organization
- LNRF(Jammoul)
- Multinational Force in Lebanon
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- dbr:George_Hawi
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- * Displacement ofChristiansfrom villages in theChoufandAley Districts
- DecisiveLNRFvictory
- *The multinational force departs from Lebanon in February/March 1984
- *Defeat and expulsion of theLebanese Armed ForcesandLebanese Forces
- http://armeelibanaise.kazeo.com/
- https://cdn.loc.gov/master/frd/frdcstdy/le/lebanoncountryst00coll/lebanoncountryst00coll.pdf
- https://prrn.mcgill.ca/research/papers/brynen2.htm
- https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=VrXpeELOUNsC&pg=PA145&redir_esc=y%23v=onepage&q&f=false
- https://books.google.it/books%3Fid=aGHk5M0CGcoC&pg=PT234%23v=onepage&q&f=false
- https://books.google.pt/books%3Fid=Af-tDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA83&redir_esc=y%23v=onepage&q&f=false
- http://www.liberty05.com/civilwar/civil3.html
- https://nanopdf.com/download/understanding-the-lebanese-forces-through-their-use-of_pdf
- https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=JM1xpHXZumAC&pg=PA100&lpg=PA100&dq=lebanese+arab+army&source=bl&ots=nGDsX1Z2cm&sig=cQVrgsr2sxdmPd9fMyIFZAGbPS0&hl=pt-PT&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiapojwjPvXAhXDVRQKHbnwB54Q6AEIfjAM%23v=onepage&q=lebanese%20arab%20army&f=false
- https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=ct_jAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA8&lpg=PA8&dq=histoire+de+la+guerre+du+liban+jean+sarkis&source=bl&ots=UkkC-Z5aCy&sig=8YEZBlFO8x24iA2VWFNzMFfBLVU&hl=pt-PT&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiW_8DWtajXAhXBaxQKHdRuA6Q4ChDoAQhaMAc%23v=onepage&q=histoire%20de%20la%20guerre%20du%20liban%20jean%20sarkis&f=false
- http://carnegieendowment.org/files/090210_lafsecurity3.pdf
- https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=-JVOKeNkllgC&pg=PA185&lpg=PA185&dq=Sami+Rihana+Lebanon&source=bl&ots=QyP7EbomtH&sig=pTA3wIIQXPyOTNhOW1XGvd393nc&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y%23v=onepage&q=Sami%20Rihana%20Lebanon&f=false
- https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/1043678/Hinson_HIST%20409_Thesis%20Final.pdf%3Fsequence=1
- https://web.archive.org/web/20081121090502/http:/www.tanbourit.com/lebanon_war.htm
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- Elias Atallah (en)
- Ibrahim Tannous (en)
- Mountain War (en)
- حرب الجبل (en)
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- حرب الجبل هي مجموعة من الاشتباكات العنيفة حصلت بين المرحلة الثالثة والمرحلة الرابعة من الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية. وضعت الحرب الجيش اللبناني والقوات اللبنانية بمواجهة تحالف من المجموعات اليسارية والإسلامية المعارضة للحكومة، يقودها الحزب التقدمي الاشتراكي بدعم من منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية وسوريا. بدأ النزاع عندما دخل الجيش اللبناني والقوات اللبنانية منطقة الشوف ذات الأغلبية الدرزية التي تقع جنوب شرق العاصمة بيروت، لإعادتها تحت سيطرة الحكومة، لكنها تعرّضت لمقاومة شديدة من الميليشيات الدرزية وحلفائها. أرتكب خلال الحرب العديد من المجازر في حق المدنيين، وتسببت في تدمير العشرات من قرى المنطقة وتهجير سكانها، بالإضافة إلى تفكك الجيش اللبناني وسقوط الحكومة في عهد رئيس الجمهورية أمين الجميل. (ar)
- Wojna w Górach Szuf lub Wojna górska (arab. حرب الجبل) – konflikt zbrojny stoczony w Górach Szuf w okresie wojny domowej w Libanie między chrześcijańskimi Siłami Libańskimi a milicjami druzyjskimi z Socjalistycznej Partii Postępu, wspieranymi przez formacje palestyńskie i syryjskie. (pl)
- 黎巴嫩山战争是黎巴嫩内战第三阶段(1982年至1983年)和第四阶段(1984年至1990年)期间的一场大规模冲突。冲突发生于黎巴嫩首都贝鲁特东南多山的乔福区。 (zh)
- The Mountain War (Arabic: حرب الجبل | Harb al-Jabal), also known as the War of the Mountain and Guerre de la Montagne in French, was a subconflict between the 1982–83 phase of the Lebanese Civil War and the 1984–89 phase of the Lebanese Civil War, which occurred at the mountainous Chouf District located south-east of the Lebanese Capital Beirut. It pitted the Christian Lebanese Forces militia (LF) and the official Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) against a coalition of anti-government Muslim leftist militias led by the Druze Progressive Socialist Party (PSP), backed by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and Syria. Hostilities began when the LF and the LAF entered the predominantly Druze Chouf district to bring back the region under government control, only to be met with fierce resista (en)
- حرب الجبل (ar)
- Mountain War (Lebanon) (en)
- Wojna w Górach Szuf (pl)
- Harb el Jabal (sv)
- 黎巴嫩山战争 (zh)
- freebase:Mountain War (Lebanon)
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- Mountain War (en)
- حرب الجبل (en)
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