Wujing Zongyao (original) (raw)
Wujing Zongyao (Hanzi sederhana: 武经总要; Hanzi tradisional: 武經總要; Pinyin: Wǔjīng Zǒngyào; Wade–Giles: Wu Ching Tsung Yao; harfiah: 'Collection of the Most Important Military Techniques') adalah risalah militer Cina yang ditulis pada tahun 1044 pada masa Dinasti Song Utara. Pengarangnya adalah (曾公亮), Ding Du (丁度) dan Yang Weide (楊惟德). Buku ini berisi tentang berbagai macam subjek, dari kapal perang laut hingga berbagai jenis katapel. Walaupun filsuf dan biarawan Inggris Roger Bacon adalah orang Barat pertama yang menyebut bahan baku bubuk mesiu pada tahun 1267, Wujing Zongyao merupakan buku pertama yang mencatat rumus bubuk mesiu. Buku ini juga menjelaskan kompas pada bentuk awalnya dan pelempar api.
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| dbo:abstract | Das Wujing zongyao (chinesisch 武經總要 / 武经总要, Pinyin Wǔjīng zǒngyào, W.-G. Wu-ching tsung-yao – „Sammlung der wichtigsten Militärtechniken“) ist ein 1044 von Zeng Gongliang (曾公亮) mit Unterstützung von Ding Du (丁度) und Yang Weide (楊惟德) erstelltes Werk über die wichtigsten Militärtechniken der damaligen Zeit. Das Werk umfasst alle in der frühen Song-Zeit verwendeten Waffenarten. Aufgeteilt ist es in 40 Kapitel, die in zwei gleich große Abschnitte zu je 20 Kapiteln unterteilt sind. Während der zweite Teil hauptsächlich mit der Aufzeichnung historischer Schlachten besteht, sind im ersten Teil Kapitel über Waffen- (unter anderem repetierfähige Armbrüste, Katapulte, Bomben) und Militärgattungen (Pikeniere, Kavallerie, Kommunikationseinheiten) aufgeführt.In dem Werk wurde zum ersten Mal eine Rezeptur für Schwarzpulver aufgeführt. Anwendung fand es in Flammenwerfern, Sprengkugeln und Rauchbomben. Die Schriften wurden zunächst geheim gehalten, da sie Militärgeheimnisse enthielten, zum ersten Mal gedruckt wurden sie im frühen 15. Jahrhundert. Die älteste erhaltene Version stammt aus dem Jahr 1510. Es ist daher möglich, dass einige Passagen nachträglich geändert worden sind bzw. Ergänzungen vorgenommen wurden. Einige der beschriebenen Militärformationen beurteilt Joseph Needham als "eher fantastisch", sie "blieben wohl eher auf dem Papier." (de) Wujing Zongyao (Hanzi sederhana: 武经总要; Hanzi tradisional: 武經總要; Pinyin: Wǔjīng Zǒngyào; Wade–Giles: Wu Ching Tsung Yao; harfiah: 'Collection of the Most Important Military Techniques') adalah risalah militer Cina yang ditulis pada tahun 1044 pada masa Dinasti Song Utara. Pengarangnya adalah (曾公亮), Ding Du (丁度) dan Yang Weide (楊惟德). Buku ini berisi tentang berbagai macam subjek, dari kapal perang laut hingga berbagai jenis katapel. Walaupun filsuf dan biarawan Inggris Roger Bacon adalah orang Barat pertama yang menyebut bahan baku bubuk mesiu pada tahun 1267, Wujing Zongyao merupakan buku pertama yang mencatat rumus bubuk mesiu. Buku ini juga menjelaskan kompas pada bentuk awalnya dan pelempar api. (in) Le Wujing Zongyao, ou Principes généraux du classique de la guerre (chinois : 武經總要 ; pinyin : Wǔjīng Zǒngyào ; Wade : Wu Ching Tsung Yao ; litt. « Collection des plus importantes techniques militaires ») est un compendium militaire chinois écrit en 1044, durant la dynastie des Song du Nord. Ses auteurs sont les éminents fonctionnaires (曾公亮), Ding Du (丁度) et Yang Weide (楊惟德), dont les écrits ont ensuite influencé de nombreux écrivains militaires chinois. (fr) 《무경총요》(武經總要)는 중국 북송(北宋) 왕조에서 펴낸 군사 저작이다. (ko) The Wujing Zongyao (Chinese: 武經總要), sometimes rendered in English as the Complete Essentials for the Military Classics, is a Chinese military compendium written from around 1040 to 1044. The book was compiled during the Northern Song dynasty by Zeng Gongliang (曾公亮), Ding Du (丁度) and Yang Weide (楊惟德), whose writing influenced many later Chinese military writers. The compendium was published under the auspices of Emperor Renzong of Song, who also authored the book's preface. The book covers a wide range of subjects, including everything from naval warships to different types of catapults. It contains the earliest known written chemical formulas for gunpowder, made from saltpeter, sulphur and charcoal along with many added ingredients. In addition to formulas for gunpowder, the compendium also contains details on various other gunpowder weapons such as fire arrows, incendiary bombs and projectiles, and grenades and smoke bombs. It also describes an early form of the compass (using thermoremanence), and has the oldest illustration of a Chinese Greek fire flamethrower with a double-action dual-piston cylinder-pump capable of shooting a continuous blast of flame. (en) Il Wǔjīng Zǒngyào (cinese: 武经总要), Raccolta delle più importanti tecniche militari, è un compendio di testi militari scritto nel 1044, durante la dinastia Song settentrionale. I suoi autori furono (曾公亮), (丁度), e (楊惟德). Il libro copre un'ampia serie di argomenti, dalla a vari tipi di catapulte. Il Wujing Zongyao è il primo libro della storia a riportare formule scritte contenenti gli ingredienti della polvere da sparo (carbone, zolfo e salnitro), sebbene mescolati con altri ingredienti. Descrive anche una prima forma di bussola e contiene la più antica illustrazione di un lanciafiamme cinese di fuoco greco (il Pen Huo Qi). (it) 『武経総要』（ぶけいそうよう）は、中国宋朝の官修軍事書。慶暦4年（1044年）成立。 (ja) Wujing Zongyao (chinês tradicional: 武经总要; pinyin: Wǔjīng Zǒngyào; Wade-Giles: Wu Ching Tsung Yao; literalmente "Coleção das Mais Importantes Técnicas Militares") é um manual chinês de artefatos militares datado de 1044 d.C. da dinastia Sung onde aparecem as primeiras referências escritas a fórmulas de pólvora. Mas, ao contrário das obras de outros grandes mestres chineses da estratégia, trata-se de uma espécie de catálogo de todos os equipamentos militares conhecidos. Os autores do manual provêm dos seguidores de Zeng Gongliang (曾公亮), Ding Du (丁度), e Yang Weide (楊惟德), e também foram influenciados por outras escritas militares da China. O livro explica a construção de catapultas e navios, além de possuir a fórmula da pólvora. (pt) Уцзи́н цзунъя́о (кит. трад. 武經總要, упр. 武经总要, пиньинь wǔ jīng zǒng yào, буквально: «собрание наиболее важных военных методов») — китайский военный трактат, изданный в 1044 году при династии Северная Сун. Его составители — известные учёные Цзэн Гунлян, Дин Ду и Ян Вэйдэ. Трактат охватывает широкий круг вопросов, связанных с военными технологиями, в частности, в нём рассмотрены военные корабли, метательные машины, компас, огнемёт. Этот труд является первым в мире манускриптом, в котором приведены рецепты пороха. (ru) 《武经总要》是一部中国北宋官修的军事著作。宋初將領多出自，拔卒為將，以殿前比試武藝，作為人事升遷的途徑，稱為，開國六十年後將領多不知兵法，景祐元年（1034年）富弼上《論武舉武學奏》，建議設立武學，由天章閣待制曾公亮和尚書工部侍郎、參知政事丁度等奉命於1040年至1044年編輯而成，完成於1044年（北宋慶歷4年）。主題廣泛，從各種類的海軍船艦到投石機都有。武經總要是歷史上最早含有硝石、硫磺、木炭等成分火藥配方的記錄。在1126年金国占領開封時，失去了武經總要的原本。1231年，南宋藉由一些副本重製了新版本的武經總要。 (zh) |
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| dbp:l | Collection of the Most Important Military Techniques (en) |
| dbp:p | Wǔjīng Zǒngyào (en) |
| dbp:poj | Bú-keng Chóng-iàu (en) |
| dbp:s | 武经总要 (en) |
| dbp:t | 武經總要 (en) |
| dbp:title | Wujing Zongyao (en) |
| dbp:w | Wu3-ching1 Tsung3-yao4 (en) |
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| dct:subject | dbc:Military_history_of_the_Song_dynasty dbc:Chinese_manuscripts dbc:11th-century_Chinese_books dbc:Chinese_military_texts dbc:Military_science dbc:Song_dynasty_literature dbc:Military_strategy_books |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Compendium |
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| rdfs:comment | Wujing Zongyao (Hanzi sederhana: 武经总要; Hanzi tradisional: 武經總要; Pinyin: Wǔjīng Zǒngyào; Wade–Giles: Wu Ching Tsung Yao; harfiah: 'Collection of the Most Important Military Techniques') adalah risalah militer Cina yang ditulis pada tahun 1044 pada masa Dinasti Song Utara. Pengarangnya adalah (曾公亮), Ding Du (丁度) dan Yang Weide (楊惟德). Buku ini berisi tentang berbagai macam subjek, dari kapal perang laut hingga berbagai jenis katapel. Walaupun filsuf dan biarawan Inggris Roger Bacon adalah orang Barat pertama yang menyebut bahan baku bubuk mesiu pada tahun 1267, Wujing Zongyao merupakan buku pertama yang mencatat rumus bubuk mesiu. Buku ini juga menjelaskan kompas pada bentuk awalnya dan pelempar api. (in) Le Wujing Zongyao, ou Principes généraux du classique de la guerre (chinois : 武經總要 ; pinyin : Wǔjīng Zǒngyào ; Wade : Wu Ching Tsung Yao ; litt. « Collection des plus importantes techniques militaires ») est un compendium militaire chinois écrit en 1044, durant la dynastie des Song du Nord. Ses auteurs sont les éminents fonctionnaires (曾公亮), Ding Du (丁度) et Yang Weide (楊惟德), dont les écrits ont ensuite influencé de nombreux écrivains militaires chinois. (fr) 《무경총요》(武經總要)는 중국 북송(北宋) 왕조에서 펴낸 군사 저작이다. (ko) 『武経総要』（ぶけいそうよう）は、中国宋朝の官修軍事書。慶暦4年（1044年）成立。 (ja) Wujing Zongyao (chinês tradicional: 武经总要; pinyin: Wǔjīng Zǒngyào; Wade-Giles: Wu Ching Tsung Yao; literalmente "Coleção das Mais Importantes Técnicas Militares") é um manual chinês de artefatos militares datado de 1044 d.C. da dinastia Sung onde aparecem as primeiras referências escritas a fórmulas de pólvora. Mas, ao contrário das obras de outros grandes mestres chineses da estratégia, trata-se de uma espécie de catálogo de todos os equipamentos militares conhecidos. Os autores do manual provêm dos seguidores de Zeng Gongliang (曾公亮), Ding Du (丁度), e Yang Weide (楊惟德), e também foram influenciados por outras escritas militares da China. O livro explica a construção de catapultas e navios, além de possuir a fórmula da pólvora. (pt) Уцзи́н цзунъя́о (кит. трад. 武經總要, упр. 武经总要, пиньинь wǔ jīng zǒng yào, буквально: «собрание наиболее важных военных методов») — китайский военный трактат, изданный в 1044 году при династии Северная Сун. Его составители — известные учёные Цзэн Гунлян, Дин Ду и Ян Вэйдэ. Трактат охватывает широкий круг вопросов, связанных с военными технологиями, в частности, в нём рассмотрены военные корабли, метательные машины, компас, огнемёт. Этот труд является первым в мире манускриптом, в котором приведены рецепты пороха. (ru) 《武经总要》是一部中国北宋官修的军事著作。宋初將領多出自，拔卒為將，以殿前比試武藝，作為人事升遷的途徑，稱為，開國六十年後將領多不知兵法，景祐元年（1034年）富弼上《論武舉武學奏》，建議設立武學，由天章閣待制曾公亮和尚書工部侍郎、參知政事丁度等奉命於1040年至1044年編輯而成，完成於1044年（北宋慶歷4年）。主題廣泛，從各種類的海軍船艦到投石機都有。武經總要是歷史上最早含有硝石、硫磺、木炭等成分火藥配方的記錄。在1126年金国占領開封時，失去了武經總要的原本。1231年，南宋藉由一些副本重製了新版本的武經總要。 (zh) Das Wujing zongyao (chinesisch 武經總要 / 武经总要, Pinyin Wǔjīng zǒngyào, W.-G. Wu-ching tsung-yao – „Sammlung der wichtigsten Militärtechniken“) ist ein 1044 von Zeng Gongliang (曾公亮) mit Unterstützung von Ding Du (丁度) und Yang Weide (楊惟德) erstelltes Werk über die wichtigsten Militärtechniken der damaligen Zeit. (de) The Wujing Zongyao (Chinese: 武經總要), sometimes rendered in English as the Complete Essentials for the Military Classics, is a Chinese military compendium written from around 1040 to 1044. The book was compiled during the Northern Song dynasty by Zeng Gongliang (曾公亮), Ding Du (丁度) and Yang Weide (楊惟德), whose writing influenced many later Chinese military writers. The compendium was published under the auspices of Emperor Renzong of Song, who also authored the book's preface. The book covers a wide range of subjects, including everything from naval warships to different types of catapults. It contains the earliest known written chemical formulas for gunpowder, made from saltpeter, sulphur and charcoal along with many added ingredients. In addition to formulas for gunpowder, the compendium als (en) Il Wǔjīng Zǒngyào (cinese: 武经总要), Raccolta delle più importanti tecniche militari, è un compendio di testi militari scritto nel 1044, durante la dinastia Song settentrionale. I suoi autori furono (曾公亮), (丁度), e (楊惟德). (it) |
| rdfs:label | Wujing zongyao (de) Wujing Zongyao (in) Wujing Zongyao (it) Wujing Zongyao (fr) 무경총요 (ko) 武経総要 (ja) Wujing Zongyao (pt) Wujing Zongyao (en) Уцзин цзунъяо (ru) 武经总要 (zh) |
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