Sauria (original) (raw)

After Borsuk-Bialynicka & Evans, 2009, Evans, 2009, and Evans & Borsuk-Bialynicka, 2009, Ezcurra, Scheyer & Butler, 2014, Nesbitt, Flynn, Pritchard, Parrish, Ranivoharimanana & Wyss, 2015, and Sengupta, Ezcurra & Bandyopadhyay, 2017

<==o Sauria Gauthier, 1984 sensu Carroll, 1988 |?- †Thalattosauriformes sensu Nicholls, 1999 |--o Lepidosauromorpha Gauthier, 1984 sensu Gauthier, Estes & deQueiroz, 1988 | |?- †Sauropterygia (sauropterygians, plesiosaur-like diapsids; joutsenliskomaiset matelijat) | --+--+-- †_Fraxinisaura rozynekae_ Schoch & Sues, 2018 | | --o †Marmoretta Evans, 1991 | | |?- †M. sp. [Portugal] [Rieppel, 1994] | | -- †_M. oxoniensis_ Evans, 1991 | --+-- †Sophineta cracoviensis Evans & Borsuk-Bialynicka, 2009 | -- [Lepidosauriformes](lepidosauromorpha/lepidosauriformes.html) Gauthier, Estes & deQueiroz, 1988 (lepidosaurs, lizard-like diapsids; liskomaiset matelijat) --o Archosauromorpha von Huene, 1946 sensu Benton, 1985 [alternative phylogeny of **Archosauromorpha after Sues, 2003] |?-o †Sharovipterygidae Tatarinov, 1989 [Podopterygidae Sharov, 1971 (nomen nudum)] | |-- †Sharovipteryx mirabilis (Sharov, 1971) [Podopteryx mirabilis Sharov, 1971] | -- †_Ozimek volans_ Dzik & Sulej, 2016 |--o †[Protorosauria](archosauromorpha/prolacertiformes%5F1.html) Huxley, 1871 _sensu_ Ezcurra, Scheyer & Butler, 2014 | |--o †Protorosauridae Lydekker, 1888 | | |-- †_Aenigmastropheus parringtoni_ Ezcurra, Scheyer & Butler, 2014 | | |-- †_Czatkowiella harae_ Borsuk-Bialynicka & Evans, 2009 | | -- †Protorosaurus speneri Meyer, 1830 | --+-- †_Jesairosaurus lehmani_ Jalil, 1997 | --o †Tanystropheidae Gervais, 1858 | |-- †Macrocnemus basanii (Nopcsa, 1930) [Macrochemus; Macrocnemus bassanni Nopcsa, 1930] | --o †_Tanystropheus_ Meyer, 1855 [_Tribelesodon_ Bassani, 1886; _Procerosaurus_ von Huene, 1902] | |-- †_T. conspicuus_ Meyer, 1855 | |-- †_T. longobardicus_ (Bassani, 1886) [_Tribelesodon longobardicus_ Bassani, 1886] | -- †T. meridensis Wild, 1980 --o Crocopoda Ezcurra, 2016 |--o †Allokotosauria Nesbitt, Flynn, Pritchard, Parrish, Ranivoharimanana & Wyss, 2015 [Trilophosauria Gregory, 1945 _sensu_ Romer, 1956] | |--o †Azendohsauridae Nesbitt, Flynn, Pritchard, Parrish, Ranivoharimanana & Wyss, 2015 | | |-- †_Pamelaria dolichotrachela_ K. Sen, 2003 | | |-- †_Shringasaurus indicus_ Sengupta, Ezcurra & Bandyopadhyay, 2017; M.Trias. Ind. | | --o †Azendohsaurus Dutuit, 1972; L.Trias. WNAf. Mad. | | |-- †A. laaroussi Dutuit, 1972 | | -- †_A. madagaskarensis_ Flynn et al., 2010 [Sauropodomorpha _genera_ et _species_ indet. (Flynn et al., 1999)] | --o †Trilophosauria Gregory, 1945 sensu Romer, 1956 [Trilophosauridae sensu Nesbitt et al., 2015] | |-- †Teraterpeton hrynewichorum Sues, 2003 [†Teraterpetonidae Sues, 2003] | --o †Trilophosauridae Gregory, 1945 | |?- †_Anisodontosaurus greeri_ Welles, 1947; L. Trias. NAm. | |?- †_Doniceps lipovensis_ Ochev & Rykov, 1968; L.Trias. EEu. | |-- †_Tricuspisaurus thomasi_ Robinson, 1957; U. Trias. WEu. | |-- †_Variodens inopinatus_ Robinson, 1957; U. Trias. WEu. | ==**o †Trilophosaurus Case, 1928 [Chinleogomphius Sues & Olsen, 1993] U. Trias. NAm. | |?- †Trilophosaurus dornorum Müller & Parker, 2006 | |-- †Trilophosaurus buettneri Case, 1928 | --+-- †_Trilophosaurus jacobsi_ Murry, 1987 [_Chinleogomphius jacobsi_ (Murry) Sues & Olsen, 1993] | -- †Spinosuchus caseanus von Huene, 1932; L.Trias. SWNAm. --+--o †Rhynchosauria Osborn, 1903 _sensu_ Pritchard, Gauthier, Hanson, Bever & Bhullar, 2018 | |?- †_Colobops noviportensis_ Pritchard, Gauthier, Hanson, Bever & Bhullar, 2018 | -- †Rhynchosauria Osborn, 1903 --+--o †Prolacertidae Parrington, 1935 [Prolacertiformes] | |?- †_Kadimakara australiensis_ Bartholomai, 1979 | -- †Prolacerta broomi Parrington, 1935 `-- Archosauriformes Gauthier, 1986 (arkosaurimaiset matelijat; archosaur-like diapsids)

Alternative phylogenies of Sauria:

After Sengupta, Ezcurra & Bandyopadhyay, 2017 **<==**o Sauria |-- †Choristodera -- Lepidosauromorpha `--o Archosauromorpha -- †Aenigmastropheus `--+-- †Protorosaurus_ `--+--+-- †_Jesairosaurus `-- †Tanystropheidae `--o Crocopoda --o †Allokotosauria --+-- †Pamelaria `--o †Azendohsauridae -- †Shringasaurus `-- †Azendohsaurus `--o †Trilophosauria -- †Teraterpeton `--o †Trilophosauridae -- †Spinosuchus `-- †Trilophosaurus_ `--+-- †_Boreopricea `--+--o †Prolacertidae -- †Kadimakara `-- †Prolacerta_ `--+-- †_Tasmaniosaurus `-- Archosauriformes References: Sengupta, S., Ezcurra, M. D. & Bandyopadhyay, S., 2017: A new horned and long-necked herbivorous stem-archosaur from the Middle Triassic of India.–Scientific Reports: Vol. 7, #1, Art.nr. 8366, pp. 1-9 [**doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08658-8**] After Ezcurra, 2016 (fig. 48 **<==**o Sauria |-- †Choristodera -- Lepidosauromorpha `--o Archosauromorpha -- †Aenigmastropheus `--+-- †Protorosaurus_ `--+--+-- †_Jesairosaurus `-- †Tanystropheidae `--o Crocopoda --o †Allokotosauria -- †Pamelaria `--+-- †Azendohsaurus `-- †Trilophosauridae `--+-- †Boreopricea `--+--o †Prolacertidae -- †Kadimakara `-- †Prolacerta_ `--+-- †_Tasmaniosaurus `-- Archosauriformes References: Ezcurra, M. D., 2016: The phylogenetic relationships of basal archosauromorphs, with an emphasis on the systematics of proterosuchian archosauriforms.–PeerJ: Vol. 4, pp. e1778 (1-385) [**doi: 10.7717/peerj.1778**] After Nesbitt, Flynn, Pritchard, Parrish, Ranivoharimanana & Wyss, 2015 **<==**o Sauria |-- Lepidosauromorpha `--o Archosauromorpha -- †Protorosaurus `--+--+-- †Macrocnemus `--+--+-- †Langobardisaurus `-- †Tanytrachelos `--+-- †Amotosaurus `-- †_Tanystropheus_ `--+-- †Rhynchosauria `--+--o †Allokotosauria -- †Pamelaria `--+--o †Azendohsauridae `-- †Azendohsaurus `--o †Trilophosauridae -- †Teraterpeton `--+-- †Trilophosaurus buettneri `--+-- †Trilophosaurus jacobsi `-- †Spinosuchus caseanus_ `--+-- †_Prolacerta `-- Archosauriformes References: Nesbitt, S. J., Flynn, J. J., Pritchard, A. C., Parrish, J. M., Ranivoharimanana, L. & Wyss, A. R., 2015: Postcranial Osteology of Azendohsaurus madagaskarensis (?Middle to Upper Triassic, Isalo Group, Madagascar) and its Systematic Position Among Stem Archosaur Reptiles.–Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History: Vol. pp. 1-126 [**doi: 10.1206/amnb-899-00-1-126.1**]
After Schoch & Sues, 2015 **<==**o Sauria |--+-- †Choristodera `--+-- †Prolacerta `--+-- Archosauriformes `--+-- †Trilophosaurus `-- †Rhynchosauria `--+--+-- †Kuehneosauridae `--+-- Rhynchocephalia `-- Squamata `--+--+-- †Eusauropterygia `--+-- †Sinosaurosphargis `--+-- †Cyamodus `-- †_Placodus_ `--o Pan-Testudinata -- †Eunotosaurus `--+-- †Pappochelys_ `--+-- †_Odontochelys `-- Testudines References: Schoch, R. R. & Sues, H.-D., 2015: A Middle Triassic stem-turtle and the evolution of the turtle body plan.–Nature: in press [**doi: 10.1038/nature14472**] After Motani, Jiang, Chen, Tintori, Rieppel, Ji & Huang, 2014 **<==**o Sauria |--+--+-- †Helveticosaurus `-- †Choristodera `--o Lepidosauriformes -- †Coelurosauravus `--+-- †Sophineta `--+--+-- †Pamelina `-- †Kuehneosauridae `--+-- Rhynchocephalia `-- Squamata `--+--+--+-- †Tanystropheus `-- †Macrocnemus `--+-- †Prolacerta `--+-- †Trilophosaurus `--+-- †Rhynchosauria `-- Archosauriformes `--+-- †Thalattosauriformes `--+-- †Wumengosaurus -- †Ichthyosauromorpha `--o †Sauropterygia --+-- †Largocephalosaurus `-- †Sinosaurosphargis_ `--+-- †_Placodus -- †Pachypleurosauroidea `--o †Eusauropterygia -- †Nothosauroidea `-- †Pistosauroidea Reference(s): Motani, R., Jiang, D.-Y., Chen, G.-B., Tintori, A., Rieppel, O., Ji, C. & Huang, J.-D., 2014: A basal ichthyosauriform with a short snout from the Lower Triassic of China.–Nature: in press [**doi: 10.1038/nature13866**] After Chen, Motani, Cheng, Jiang & Rieppel, 2014b **<==**o Sauria |--o Archosauromorpha -- †Choristodera `--+--+-- †Prolacerta `--+-- †Tanystropheus `-- †Macrocnemus `--+-- †Trilophosaurus `--+-- †Rhynchosauria `-- Archosauriformes `--o Lepidosauromorpha --o Lepidosauriformes -- †Helveticosaurus `--+--+-- †Pamelina `-- †Kuehneosauridae `--+-- Rhynchocephalia `-- Squamata `--o †Sauropterygia --+-- †Largocephalosaurus `-- †Sinosaurosphargis_ `--+-- †_Placodus `--+-- †Pachypleurosauroidea `--o †Eusauropterygia -- †Nothosauroidea `-- †Pistosauroidea Reference(s): Chen, X.-h., Motani, R., Cheng, L., Jiang, D.-y. & Rieppel, O., 2014b: The Enigmatic Marine Reptile Nanchangosaurus from the Lower Triassic of Hubei, China and the Phylogenetic Affinities of Hupehsuchia.–Plos One: Vol. 9, #7, pp. e102361 (1-13) [**doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102361**]
After Ezcurra, Scheyer & Butler, 2014 **<==**o Sauria |--o Lepidosauromorpha -- †Paliguana -- Rhynchocephalia `-- Squamata `--o Archosauromorpha --o †Protorosauria s.s. --o †Protorosauridae -- †Aenigmastropheus `-- †Protorosaurus `--o †Tanystropheidae -- †Tanystropheus `-- †_Macrocnemus_ `--+--o †Trilophosauria `-- †_Trilophosaurus_ `--+--o †Rhynchosauria -- †Noteosuchus -- †Mesosuchus `-- †Howesia_ `--+-- †_Prolacerta `-- Archosauriformes Reference(s): Ezcurra, M. D., Scheyer, T. M. & Butler, R. J., 2014: The Origin and Early Evolution of Sauria: Reassessing the Permian Saurian Fossil Record and the Timing of the Crocodile-Lizard Divergence.–Plos One: Vol. 9, #2, pp. e89165 [**doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089165**] After Borsuk-Bialynicka & Evans, 2009, Evans, 2009, and Evans & Borsuk-Bialynicka, 2009 **<==**o Sauria |--o Lepidosauromorpha --+-- †Drepanosauridae `--o †Kuehneosauridae -- †Pamelina `--+-- †Kuehneosaurus `-- †Icarosaurus `--o Lepidosauriformes -- †Marmoretta `--+-- †Sophineta `--o Lepidosauria -- Rhynchocephalia `-- Squamata `--+--+-- †Czatkowiella `-- †Protorosaurus_ `--+-- †_Coelurosauravus `--+-- Archosauromorpha -- †Choristodera `--+-- †Thalattosauriformes `--+-- †Ichthyosauromorpha `--+-- †Sauropterygia `-- Testudinata Reference(s): Borsuk-Bialynicka, M. & Evans, S. E., 2009: A long-necked archosauromorph from the Early Triassic of Poland. in Borsuk-Bialynicka, M. & Evans, S. E., (eds.) 2009: Early Triassic vertebrate assemblage from karst deposits at Czatkowice, Poland. –Palaeontologia Polonica: Vol. 65, pp. 203-234 Evans, S. E., 2009: An early kuehneosaurid reptile (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the Early Triassic of Poland. in Borsuk-Bialynicka, M. & Evans, S. E., (eds.) 2009: Early Triassic vertebrate assemblage from karst deposits at Czatkowice, Poland. –Palaeontologia Polonica: Vol. 65, pp. 145-178 Evans, S.E. & Borsuk-Bialynicka, M. 2009: A small lepidosauromorph reptile from the Early Triassic of Poland. in Borsuk-Bialynicka, M. & Evans, S. E., (eds.) 2009: Early Triassic vertebrate assemblage from karst deposits at Czatkowice, Poland. –Palaeontologia Polonica: Vol. 65, pp. 179�202 After Gottmann-Quesada & Sander, 2009 **<==**o Sauria |--o Lepidosauromorpha -- Rhynchocephalia `-- Squamata `--+-- †Choristodera `--o Archosauromorpha --+-- †Protorosaurus `-- †_Megalancosaurus_ `--+--o †Tanystropheidae -- †Macrocnemus `-- †Tanystropheus_ `--+--+-- †_Trilophosaurus `-- †Rhynchosauria `--+-- †Pamelaria `--+-- †_Prolacerta_ `-- Archosauriformes Reference(s): Gottmann-Quesada, A. & Sander, P. M., 2009: A redescription of the early archosauromorph Protorosaurus speneri Meyer,1832, and its phylogenetic relationships.–Palaeontographica Abteilung A: Vol. 287, #4-6, pp. 123-220
After Jalil, 1997 **<==**o Diapsida |-- Petrolacosaurus `--+-- _Youngina_ `--o Sauria --o Lepidosauromorpha -- Sphenodontida `-- Squamata `--o Archosauromorpha -- †Choristodera `--+-- †Rhynchosauria `--+-- †Trilophosaurus `--+-- †Prolacertiformes `-- Archosauriformes After Rieppel & deBraga, 1996, deBraga & Rieppel, 1997, Gao & Fox, 1998, Rieppel, 2000, and Zardoya & Meyer, 2001 **<==**o Sauria |?- †Thalattosauriformes --o Lepidosauromorpha -- †Acerosodontosaurus -- Lepidosauriformes `--+?- Testudinata `-- †Sauropterygia `--o Archosauromorpha ?- Testudinata --+-- Archosauriformes `--+-- †Protorosauria `?- †Choristodera `--+-- †Rhynchosauria `--+?- †_Teraterpeton_ `-- †Trilophosauria Note: Some recent phylogenetic analysis based on both morphology and genetics have given a result, in which turtles are derived diapsids, either a sistergroup of Archosauria (Zardoya & Meyer 2001) or Sauropterygia (Rieppel & deBraga, 1996, deBraga & Rieppel, 1997). After Carroll, 1988 **<==**o Sauria |?- †Thalattosauriformes --o Lepidosauromorpha ?- †Marmoretta -- †Acerosodontosaurus ?- †Sauropterygia `-- Lepidosauriformes `--o Archosauromorpha --+-- †Protorosauria `-- Archosauriformes `--+-- †Rhynchosauria `-- †Trilophosauria

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