你 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: 妳, 您, 祢, and 儞

Stroke order

Stroke order

你 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人弓火 (ONF), four-corner 27290 or 27292, composition ⿰亻尔 or ⿰亻尓)

• 𪡇, 您
• Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 100, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 471
• Dae Jaweon: page 205, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 137, character 5
• Unihan data for U+4F60
• Unihan data for U+2F804

Historical forms of the character 你
Transcribed ancient scriptsL14036L14037L14038L14039
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | ---------------------- | | 妳 | *rneːlʔ | | 弥 | *mnel | | 尒 | *njelʔ | | 尔 | *njelʔ | | 迩 | *njelʔ | | 你 | *nɯʔ | | 苶 | *neːb, *njed, *neːd |

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *nɯʔ): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 尔 (OC *njelʔ). Alternatively, Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 人 (“person”) + 尔 (“you”)

Colloquial form of 爾 (OC *njelʔ, “you”) attested since the Tang dynasty. Ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ (“you”).

• Mandarin
  (Standard)
  (Pinyin): nǐ (ni3)
  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˇ
  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyi3
  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): nì
  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ни (ni, II)
• Cantonese
  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): nei5
  (Taishan, Wiktionary): nei1 / nei4
• Gan (Wiktionary): n3
• Hakka
  (Sixian, PFS): ngì / ǹ / ǹg / nì
  (Hailu, HRS): ngi
  (Meixian, Guangdong): ngi2 / n2 / ni1
• Jin (Wiktionary): ni2
• Northern Min (KCR): nì
• Eastern Min (BUC): nī
• Southern Min
  (Hokkien, POJ): lí / lír / lú / ní
  (Teochew, Peng'im): le2
• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1ni / 2ni / 3ni
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): nyi3

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)+
    * Hanyu Pinyin: nǐ
    * Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˇ
    * Tongyong Pinyin: nǐ
    * Wade–Giles: ni3
    * Yale: nǐ
    * Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nii
    * Palladius: ни (ni)
    * Sinological IPA (key): /ni²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    * Sichuanese Pinyin: nyi3
    * Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ni
    * Sinological IPA (key): /nʲi⁵³/
  • (Xi'an)
    * Guanzhong Pinyin: nì
    * Sinological IPA (key): /ni⁵³/
  • (Dungan)
    * Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ни (ni, II)
    * Sinological IPA (key): /ni⁵¹/

  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    * Jyutping: nei5
    * Yale: néih
    * Cantonese Pinyin: nei5
    * Guangdong Romanization: néi5
    * Sinological IPA (key): /nei̯¹³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    * Wiktionary: nei1 / nei4
    * Sinological IPA (key): /ⁿdei³³/, /ⁿdei²¹/

Note:

• nei1 - vernacular;

• nei4 - literary.

• Gan

  • (Nanchang)
    * Wiktionary: n3
    * Sinological IPA (key): /n̩²¹³/

• Hakka

  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    * Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngì / ǹ / ǹg / nì
    * Hakka Romanization System: ngiˇ / nˇ / ngˇ / niˇ
    * Hagfa Pinyim: ngi2 / n2 / ng2 / ni2
    * Sinological IPA: /ŋi¹¹/, /n¹¹/, /ŋ̍¹¹/, /ni¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    * Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngì / ǹ
    * Hakka Romanization System: ngiˇ / nˇ
    * Hagfa Pinyim: ngi2 / n2
    * Sinological IPA: /ŋi¹¹/, /n¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    * Hakka Romanization System: ngi
    * Sinological IPA: /ŋi⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    * Guangdong: ngi2 / n2 / ni1
    * Sinological IPA: /ŋi¹¹/, /n̩¹¹/, /ni⁴⁴/

Note:

• Meixian:

  • ngi2/n2 - vernacular;
  • ni1 - literary.

• Jin

  • (Taiyuan)+
    * Wiktionary: ni2
    * Sinological IPA (old-style): /ni⁵³/

• Northern Min

  • (Jian'ou)
    * Kienning Colloquial Romanized: nì
    * Sinological IPA (key): /ni⁴²/

• Eastern Min

  • (Fuzhou)
    * Bàng-uâ-cê: nī
    * Sinological IPA (key): /nˡi³³/

• Southern Min

  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Hsinchu, Philippines, Singapore)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí
    * Tâi-lô: lí
    * Phofsit Daibuun: lie
    * IPA (Philippines): /li⁵⁵⁴/
    * IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Tainan, Yilan): /li⁵³/
    * IPA (Kaohsiung): /li⁴¹/
    * IPA (Singapore): /li⁴²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Tong'an, Zhao'an, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Singapore)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lír
    * Tâi-lô: lír
    * IPA (Tong'an): /lɯ³¹/
    * IPA (Quanzhou): /lɯ⁵⁵⁴/
    * IPA (Kinmen): /lɯ⁵³/
    * IPA (Singapore): /lɯ⁴²/
    * IPA (Lukang): /lɨ⁵⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei, Magong, Singapore, Penang)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lú
    * Tâi-lô: lú
    * Phofsit Daibuun: luo
    * IPA (Taipei): /lu⁵³/
    * IPA (Penang): /lu⁴⁴⁵/
    * IPA (Singapore): /lu⁴²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ní
    * Tâi-lô: ní
    * Phofsit Daibuun: nie
    * IPA (Quanzhou): /nĩ⁵⁵⁴/
    * IPA (Kaohsiung): /nĩ⁴¹/
    * IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /nĩ⁵³/

Note:

• lí/lír/lú - vernacular (common substitute for 汝);

• ní - literary.

  • (Teochew)
    * Peng'im: le2
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lṳ́
    * Sinological IPA (key): /lɯ⁵²/

• Wu

  • (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
    * Wugniu: 1ni
    * MiniDict: 'ni平
    * Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 1'ni
    * Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ni⁵³/
    * Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ni⁴⁴/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    * Wugniu: 2ni
    * MiniDict: ni平
    * Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ni²²³/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    * Wugniu: 3ni
    * MiniDict: 'ni上
    * Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ni⁵¹/

• Xiang

  • (Changsha)
    * Wiktionary: nyi3
    * Sinological IPA (key): /n̠ʲi⁴¹/

• Old Chinese
  (Zhengzhang): /*nɯʔ/

你

1. you (the person spoken to or written to)
   你好 ― nǐ hǎo ― hello
   你今天晚上有空嗎？ [MSC, _trad._]
   你今天晚上有空吗？ [MSC, _simp._]
   Nǐ jīntiān wǎnshàng yǒukòng ma? [Pinyin]
   Are you free this evening?
   我喜歡你。／我喜欢你。 ― Wǒ xǐhuān nǐ. ― I like you.

In traditional Chinese, 你 may be used to specifically refer to a male person, while 妳 can be used for a female person. In simplified Chinese, only 你 is standard.

Dialectal synonyms of 你 (“you (singular)”) [map]

• 一場官司一場火，任你好漢沒處躲 / 一场官司一场火，任你好汉没处躲
• 不是你死，就是我活
• 不是我，便是你
• 不瞞你說 / 不瞒你说
• 不說話，沒人當你是啞吧 / 不说话，没人当你是哑吧
• 你三我四
• 你丟我撿 / 你丢我捡
• 你个
• 你來我往 / 你来我往
• 你個 / 你个
• 你們 / 你们
• 你儂 / 你侬 (nǐnóng)
• 你儂我儂 / 你侬我侬 (nǐnóngwǒnóng)
• 你儜 / 你佇
• 你咱
• 你好 (nǐ hǎo)
• 你娘
• 你媽的 / 你妈的 (nǐmāde)
• 你家
• 你家的
• 你懣 / 你懑
• 你我 (nǐwǒ)
• 你推我擠 / 你推我挤
• 你推我讓 / 你推我让
• 你敦
• 你有千條妙計，我有一定之規 / 你有千条妙计，我有一定之规
• 你東我西 / 你东我西
• 你死我活 (nǐsǐwǒhuó)
• 你每 (nǐměi)
• 你爭我奪 / 你争我夺
• 你生
• 你知我見 / 你知我见
• 你等 (nǐděng)
• 你箇 / 你个
• 你老 (nǐlǎo)
• 你老子
• 你誇我逞 / 你夸我逞
• 你謙我讓 / 你谦我让
• 你追我趕 / 你追我赶
• 你那
• 你長我短 / 你长我短
• 你門 / 你门
• 天知地知，你知我知 (tiān zhī dì zhī, nǐ zhī wǒ zhī)
• 有你沒我 / 有你没我
• 有你的 (yǒu nǐ de)
• 管你
• 肏你八輩子祖宗 / 肏你八辈子祖宗 (cào nǐ bā bèizi zǔzōng)
• 肏你媽 / 肏你妈 (cào nǐ mā)
• 肏你媽屄 / 肏你妈屄 (càonǐmābī)
• 肏你媽的屄 / 肏你妈的屄
• 肏你祖宗十八代 (cào nǐ zǔzōng shíbā dài)
• 迷你 (mínǐ)
• 迷你型計算機 / 迷你型计算机
• 迷你玫瑰
• 迷你盆景
• 迷你裙 (mínǐqún)
• 迷你豬 / 迷你猪
• 迷你電腦 / 迷你电脑
• 閻王叫你三更死，誰敢留人到五更 / 阎王叫你三更死，谁敢留人到五更 (Yánwáng jiào nǐ sāngēng sǐ, shéi gǎn liú rén dào wǔgēng)

Standard Mandarin Chinese personal pronouns

| | singular | plural | | | | ----------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | 1st person | — | 我 (wǒ) | 我們／我们 (wǒmen) | | inclusive | 咱們／咱们 (zánmen) | | | | 2nd person | male/indefinite | 你 (nǐ) | 你們／你们 (nǐmen) | | female | 妳／你 (nǐ) | 妳們／你们 (nǐmen) | | | deity | 祢 (nǐ) | 祢們／祢们 (nǐmen) | | | polite | 您 (nín) | 你們／你们 (nǐmen)您們／您们 (nínmen) | | | 3rd person | male/indefinite | 他 (tā) | 他們／他们 (tāmen) | | female | 她 (tā) | 她們／她们 (tāmen) | | | deity | 祂 (tā) | 祂們／祂们 (tāmen) | | | polite | 怹 (tān) | 他們／他们 (tāmen)怹們／怹们 | | | animal | 牠／它 (tā) | 牠們／它们 (tāmen) | | | inanimate | 它 (tā) | 它們／它们 (tāmen) | |

Contraction of 你嘅 (ngi2 gê4, “your”).

• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): ngia1

• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    * Guangdong: ngia1
    * Sinological IPA: /ŋia⁴⁴/

你

1. your

• “你”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Southern Min

• “你”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

你

(Hyōgai kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 儞)

1. Extended shinjitai form of 儞: you

• Go-on: に (ni)
• Kan-on: じ (ji)
• Kun: なんじ (nanji, 你)←_なんぢ_ (nandi, 你, historical)、_しかり_ (shikari, 你り)、_その_ (sono, 你の)、_のみ_ (nomi, 你)

This character is not used in modern Japanese. It may appear as a 略字 (ryakuji, “abbreviated character”) for 爾, itself only used in historical texts and not used in modern Japanese.

你 (eum 니 (ni))

1. hanja form of 니 (ni); you

你: Hán Việt readings: nhĩ, nễ
你: Nôm readings: né, nể, nẻ, nệ

• Nom Foundation

Categories:

• CJK Unified Ideographs block
• Han script characters
• Character boxes with images
• CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement block
• Unspecified script characters
• Translingual lemmas
• Translingual symbols
• Han phono-semantic compounds
• Han ideogrammic compounds
• Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
• Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
• Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation
• Cantonese terms with audio pronunciation
• Chinese lemmas
• Mandarin lemmas
• Sichuanese lemmas
• Dungan lemmas
• Cantonese lemmas
• Taishanese lemmas
• Gan lemmas
• Hakka lemmas
• Jin lemmas
• Northern Min lemmas
• Eastern Min lemmas
• Hokkien lemmas
• Teochew lemmas
• Wu lemmas
• Xiang lemmas
• Old Chinese lemmas
• Chinese hanzi
• Mandarin hanzi
• Sichuanese hanzi
• Dungan hanzi
• Cantonese hanzi
• Taishanese hanzi
• Gan hanzi
• Hakka hanzi
• Jin hanzi
• Northern Min hanzi
• Eastern Min hanzi
• Hokkien hanzi
• Teochew hanzi
• Wu hanzi
• Xiang hanzi
• Old Chinese hanzi
• Chinese pronouns
• Mandarin pronouns
• Sichuanese pronouns
• Dungan pronouns
• Cantonese pronouns
• Taishanese pronouns
• Gan pronouns
• Hakka pronouns
• Jin pronouns
• Northern Min pronouns
• Eastern Min pronouns
• Hokkien pronouns
• Teochew pronouns
• Wu pronouns
• Xiang pronouns
• Old Chinese pronouns
• Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
• Chinese terms spelled with 你
• Mandarin terms with usage examples
• Beginning Mandarin
• Japanese kanji
• Japanese hyōgai kanji
• Japanese extended shinjitai kanji
• Japanese kanji with goon reading に
• Japanese kanji with kan'on reading じ
• Japanese kanji with kun reading なんじ
• Japanese kanji with historical kun reading なんぢ
• Japanese kanji with kun reading しか・り
• Japanese kanji with kun reading そ・の
• Japanese kanji with kun reading のみ
• Korean lemmas
• Korean hanja
• Vietnamese Chữ Hán
• Vietnamese lemmas
• Vietnamese Han characters
• Vietnamese Nom
• Vietnamese Han tu