rod - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Clipping of English Rogo with d as a placeholder.

rod

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Rogo.

From Middle English rodde, from Old English *rodd or *rodde (attested in dative plural roddum (“rod, pole”)), of uncertain origin, but probably from Proto-Germanic *rudd- (“stick, club”), from Proto-Indo-European *rewdʰ- (“to clear land”). Compare Old Norse rudda (“club”). For the root, compare English rid. Presumably unrelated to Proto-Germanic *rōdō (“rod, pole”).

rod (plural rods)

  1. A straight, round stick, shaft, bar, cane, or staff.
    The circus strong man proved his strength by bending an iron rod, and then straightening it.
    • 2025 May 12, Jeff Edwards, “Rods from God: Unleashing Orbital Kinetic Bombardment as a Theoretical Defense System”, in Mira Safety‎[1]:
      Which makes the concept known as Rods From God the ultimate form of kinetic weaponry. This theoretical weapon would drop telephone pole sized rods of dense tungsten from a satellite in orbit.
      Picking up speed with each passing second, the rod would then penetrate the ground and generate an explosion akin to a small nuclear weapon using nothing but gravity for its propulsion.
  2. A longitudinal pole used for forming part of a framework such as an awning or tent.
  3. (fishing) A long slender usually tapering pole used for angling; fishing rod.
    When I hooked a snake and not a fish, I got so scared I dropped my rod in the water.
  4. A stick, pole, or bundle of switches or twigs (such as a birch), used for personal defense or to administer corporal punishment by whipping.
  5. An implement resembling and/or supplanting a rod (particularly a cane) that is used for corporal punishment, and metonymically called the rod, regardless of its actual shape and composition.
    The judge imposed on the thief a sentence of fifteen strokes with the rod.
  6. A stick used to measure distance, by using its established length or task-specific temporary marks along its length, or by dint of specific graduated marks.
    I notched a rod and used it to measure the length of rope to cut.
  7. (archaic) A unit of length equal to 1 pole, a perch, 1⁄4 chain, 5+1⁄2 yards, 16+1⁄2 feet, or exactly 5.0292 meters (these being all equivalent).
    • 1842, Edgar Allan Poe, The Mystery of Marie Rogêt:
      ‘And this thicket, so full of a natural art, was in the immediate vicinity, within a few rods, of the dwelling of Madame Deluc, whose boys were in the habit of closely examining the shrubberies about them in search of the bark of the sassafras.’
    • 1865, Henry David Thoreau, Cape Cod‎[2]:
      In one of the villages I saw the next summer a cow tethered by a rope six rods long […].
    • 1900, Charles W[addell] Chesnutt, chapter I, in The House Behind the Cedars, Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company […], →OCLC:
      A few rods farther led him past the old black Presbyterian church, with its square tower, embowered in a stately grove; past the Catholic church, with its many crosses, and a painted wooden figure of St. James in a recess beneath the gable; and past the old Jefferson House, once the leading hotel of the town, in front of which political meetings had been held, and political speeches made, and political hard cider drunk, in the days of "Tippecanoe and Tyler too."
    • 1924, Edward A. Ross, “Pocketed Americans”, in World Drift, New York; London: The Century Co., published 1928, page 68:
      the valley is forty to sixty rods wide
  8. An implement held vertically and viewed through an optical surveying instrument such as a transit, used to measure distance in land surveying and construction layout; an engineer's rod, surveyor's rod, surveying rod, leveling rod, ranging rod. The modern (US) engineer's or surveyor's rod commonly is eight or ten feet long and often designed to extend higher. In former times a surveyor's rod often was a single wooden pole or composed of multiple sectioned and socketed pieces, and besides serving as a sighting target was used to measure distance on the ground horizontally, hence for convenience was of one rod or pole in length, that is, 5+1⁄2 yards.
  9. (archaic) A unit of area equal to a square rod, 30+1⁄4 square yards or 1⁄160 acre.
    The house had a small yard of about six rods in size.
  10. A straight bar that unites moving parts of a machine, for holding parts together as a connecting rod or for transferring power as a driveshaft.
    The engine threw a rod, and then went to pieces before our eyes, springs and coils shooting in all directions.
  11. (anatomy) A rod cell: a rod-shaped cell in the eye that is sensitive to light.
    The rods are more sensitive than the cones, but do not discern color.
  12. (biology) Any of a number of long, slender microorganisms.
    He applied a gram positive stain, looking for rods indicative of Listeria.
  13. (chemistry) A stirring rod: a glass rod, typically about 6 inches to 1 foot long and 1⁄8 to 1⁄4 inch in diameter that can be used to stir liquids in flasks or beakers.
  14. (slang) A pistol; a gun.
  1. (slang, vulgar) The penis.
  1. (slang) A hot rod, an automobile or other passenger motor vehicle modified to run faster and often with exterior cosmetic alterations, especially one based originally on a pre-1940s model or (currently) denoting any older vehicle thus modified.
  2. (ufology) A rod-shaped object that appears in photographs or videos traveling at high speed, not seen by the person recording the event, often associated with extraterrestrial entities.
    Synonym: skyfish
  1. (mathematics) A Cuisenaire rod.
  2. (rail transport) A coupling rod or connecting rod, which links the driving wheels of a steam locomotive, and some diesel shunters and early electric locomotives.
  1. (plumbing) A drain rod, being a set of segmented rods with interlocking connectors designed to remain attached even under rotation in use.

straight round stick, shaft, or bar — see also pole

fishing rod or pole

stick or bundle used for punishment

stick to measure length

unit of length

archaic: unit of area

connector, part of a machine

slang: penis

Translations to be checked

  1. ^ Lightning conductor or rod in OSM

rod (third-person singular simple present rods, present participle rodding, simple past and past participle rodded)

  1. (construction) To reinforce concrete with metal rods.
  2. (transitive) To furnish with rods, especially lightning rods.
  3. (slang, vulgar, transitive) To penetrate sexually.
    • 1968, David Lynn, Bull nuts:
      On impulse he moved around to the opposite side of the couple, in the direction which Grace's broad buttocks were pointed, for a full view of the big boned woman's back side. Now Grace wouldn't mind one iota if he rodded her from the rear.
  4. (slang) To hot rod.
    • 2007, Dana Stabenow, A Deeper Sleep, →ISBN, page 45:
      There were three clear sets, more than what you might expect at Heartbreak Point, given all the juvies rodding in and out of there with their girlfriends.

Cognate with German rot.

rod

  1. red

Colors in Bavarian · Foarbm (layout · text)

weiß grau schwoarz
roud/rod oransch/orange; braun gejb/gölb/gööb
grea/grean
blau blau
lila, violett lila rosa

From Proto-Brythonic *rrod, from Proto-Celtic *rotos, from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂os.

rod f (plural rodoù)

  1. wheel

Inherited from Old Czech rod, from Proto-Slavic *rȏdъ. By surface analysis, deverbal from rodit.

rod m inan

  1. family, stock, lineage
  2. (botany) genus
  3. (grammar) gender
  4. (grammar) voice

From Old Norse rót, from Proto-Germanic *wrōts, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds. English root is borrowed from Old Norse.

rod c (singular definite roden, plural indefinite rødder)

  1. root
  2. yob
  3. (mathematics) root, zero (element x {\displaystyle x} {\displaystyle x} in the domain of a function such that f ( x ) = 0 {\displaystyle f(x)=0} {\displaystyle f(x)=0})

From the verb rode.

rod n (singular definite rodet, not used in plural form)

  1. disorder, mess, muddle

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

rod

  1. imperative of rode

rod

  1. red

From Middle High German rōt (“red, red-haired”), from Old High German rōt (“red, scarlet, purple-red, brown-red, yellow-red”), from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from *h₁rewdʰ-.

rod (comparative roder, superlative rodest)

  1. red
    Die Blumme sin rod.
    The flowers are red.
    Die Tomatte sin aarich rod.
    The tomatoes are very red.
    Sie hod en rode Naas.
    She has a red nose.

Colors in Hunsrik · Forrve (layout · text)

Weis Grau Schwarz
Rod Ranschegelleb; Braun Gelleb, Geel
Grien (Hellgrien), (Neongrien) Grien (Dunkelgrien) Menz
Meergrien Blau (Hellblau) Blau (Dunkelblau)
Feilche Rosch, Lila Roserod

rod

  1. third-person singular/plural present indicative of rast
  2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of rast
  3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of rast

From Old Saxon rōd, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós < *h₁rewdʰ-. Compare Dutch rood, German rot, West Frisian read, English red, Danish rød.

rod (German Low German)

  1. (in several dialects) red

From Proto-Slavic *rodъ (“root”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *radas, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“root”).

rod m inan

  1. sex (gender (male or female))
  2. lineage, family
  3. (grammar) gender

rod

  1. alternative form of rode

From Old Norse roð.

rod n (definite singular rodet, indefinite plural **rod, definite plural roda)

  1. fish skin
    Synonym: fiskeskinn

From Old Norse hróðr, from Proto-Germanic *hrōþiz.

rod m (definite singular roden, indefinite plural rodar, definite plural rodane)

  1. praise, fame, honour (only used in given names)

Male given names:

Female given names:

Eivind Vågslid (1988), Norderlendske fyrenamn (in Norwegian Nynorsk), →ISBN, page 291

From Proto-Germanic *rōdō. Cognate with Old Frisian rōd, Old Saxon rōda, Dutch roede (“rod”), Old High German ruota (German Rute), Old Norse róða (“rod, cross”) (Danish rode (“gauge, rod”)).

rōd f

  1. cross (method of execution)
    1. (Christianity) The cross on which Christ was crucified
      1. (metonymical) Christlike suffering or tribulation
        * c. 1200 AD, “Sermon XV”, in The Lambeth Homilies, page 113 (f. 55r), lines 24–25/27:
        he munegeð uſ an oðer rode to berene...fleiſeſ lenſing.
        He [God] exhorts us to bear another cross...leanness of flesh.
  2. a measure of land length, equal to a perch
  3. a measure of land area, equal to a quarter of an acre

Strong _ō_-stem:

From Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, whence also Old English rēad, Old Frisian rād, Old High German rōt, Old Norse rauðr, Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (rauþs). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós < *h₁rewdʰ-.

rōd (comparative rōdoro, superlative rōdost)

  1. red

Declension of rod

Strong declension
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative rōd rōd rōd rōde rōdu rōde
accusative rōdana rōd rōda rōde rōdu rōde
genitive rōdes rōdes rōdaro rōdarō rōdarō rōdarō
dative rōdumu rōdumu rōdaro rōdum rōdum rōdum
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine
nominative rōdo rōda rōda rōdu
accusative rōdun rōda rōdun rōdun
genitive rōdun rōdun rōdun rōdonō
dative rōdun rōdun rōdun rōdum

Comparative forms of rod (weak only)

| | singular | plural | | | | | ------------ | ------- | -------- | ------- | -------- | | | masculine | neuter | feminine | | | | nominative | rōdoro | rōdora | rōdora | rōdoru | | accusative | rōdorun | rōdora | rōdorun | rōdorun | | genitive | rōdorun | rōdorun | rōdorun | rōdoronō | | dative | rōdorun | rōdorun | rōdorun | rōdorum |

Superlative forms of rod

Strong declension
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative rōdost rōdost rōdost rōdoste rōdoste rōdostu
accusative rōdostana rōdost rōdosta rōdoste rōdoste rōdostu
genitive rōdostes rōdostes rōdostaro rōdostarō rōdostarō rōdostarō
dative rōdostumu rōdostumu rōdostaro rōdostum rōdostum rōdostum
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine
nominative rōdosto rōdosta rōdosta rōdostu
accusative rōdostun rōdosta rōdostun rōdostun
genitive rōdostun rōdostun rōdostun rōdostonō
dative rōdostun rōdostun rōdostun rōdostum

Learned borrowing from Latin rhodium.

Chemical element (edit)
RhAtomic number 45rod
Classification data Period 5 Group 9 Block d-block Class transition metal
Previous: ← ruten (Ru)
Next: pallad (Pd) →

rod m inan

  1. rhodium (chemical element, Rh, atomic number 45)

Declension of rod

| | singular | | | ------------ | -------------------------------------- | | nominative | rod | | genitive | rodu | | dative | rodowi | | accusative | rod | | instrumental | rodem | | locative | rodzie | | vocative | rodzie |

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic родъ (rodŭ), from Proto-Slavic *rodъ.

rod n (plural roade)

  1. fruit
  2. (figuratively) fruit (advantageous result)

rod

  1. inflection of roade:
    1. first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
    2. third-person plural present indicative

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rodъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *radás.

rȏd m inan (Cyrillic spelling ро̑д)

  1. gender
  2. (botany) genus
  3. relative, relation
  4. fruit, crop, extraction (rarely used in these senses)
  5. family, stock, lineage, kin, race
    • 1872, “Bože pravde”, Jovan Đorđević (lyrics), Davorin Jenko (music):
      Bože spasi, Bože hrani / Srpskog kralja, srpski rod!
      God, our hope: Protect and cherish / The Serbian king and Serbian race!

From Proto-Finnic *rootu.

rod

  1. fishbone
Inflection of rod (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing. rod
genitive sing. rodun
partitive sing. rodud
partitive plur. roduid
singular plural
nominative rod rodud
accusative rodun rodud
genitive rodun roduiden
partitive rodud roduid
essive-instructive rodun roduin
translative roduks roduikš
inessive rodus roduiš
elative roduspäi roduišpäi
illative roduhu roduihe
adessive rodul roduil
ablative rodulpäi roduilpäi
allative rodule roduile
abessive roduta roduita
comitative rodunke roduidenke
prolative rodudme roduidme
approximative I rodunno roduidenno
approximative II rodunnoks roduidennoks
egressive rodunnopäi roduidennopäi
terminative I roduhusai roduihesai
terminative II rodulesai roduilesai
terminative III rodussai —
additive I roduhupäi roduihepäi
additive II rodulepäi roduilepäi

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic родъ (rodŭ) (compare Finnish rotu with the same etymology).

rod

  1. kind, race, breed
Inflection of rod (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing. rod
genitive sing. rodun
partitive sing. rodud
partitive plur. roduid
singular plural
nominative rod rodud
accusative rodun rodud
genitive rodun roduiden
partitive rodud roduid
essive-instructive rodun roduin
translative roduks roduikš
inessive rodus roduiš
elative roduspäi roduišpäi
illative roduhu roduihe
adessive rodul roduil
ablative rodulpäi roduilpäi
allative rodule roduile
abessive roduta roduita
comitative rodunke roduidenke
prolative rodudme roduidme
approximative I rodunno roduidenno
approximative II rodunnoks roduidennoks
egressive rodunnopäi roduidennopäi
terminative I roduhusai roduihesai
terminative II rodulesai roduilesai
terminative III rodussai —
additive I roduhupäi roduihepäi
additive II rodulepäi roduilepäi

rod

  1. soft mutation of rhod

Mutated forms of rhod

radical soft nasal aspirate
rhod rod unchanged unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.