Allium Cepa Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Os efluentes de lavanderias industriais de beneficiamento do jeans promovem impactos ambientais com o desequilíbrio do sistema aquático. Neste estudo analisou-se o potencial toxicológico dos efluentes utilizando-se o bioensaio... more

Os efluentes de lavanderias industriais de beneficiamento do jeans promovem impactos ambientais com o desequilíbrio do sistema aquático. Neste estudo analisou-se o potencial toxicológico dos efluentes utilizando-se o bioensaio sistema-teste Allium cepa. Para efeito comparativo, o bioensaio foi realizado em resíduo bruto (RB), resíduo tratado (RT) em paralelo com água potável (CN). O resultado para RB não apresentou diferença significativa frente ao CN (ANOVA); porém no RT observamos as menores médias de crescimento radicular. O bioensaio se mostrou satisfatório para avaliar a toxicidade de efluentes, resultando na necessidade de neutralização do RT ou mudança no reagente floculante.

Allium ursinum L. is widely used as a spice as well as a traditional medicine. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities (AMAs) of A. ursinum extract, obtained by pressurised-liquid extraction.... more

Allium ursinum L. is widely used as a spice as well as a traditional medicine. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities (AMAs) of A. ursinum extract, obtained by pressurised-liquid extraction. Several reliable procedures such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2-azinobis-3ethyl benxothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid, ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays were carried out. Vegetable oil stability was evaluated by using Rancimat test. Moreover, AMA was performed on different microorganisms. On the basis of the results obtained, it is confirmed that the A. ursinum extract could be used as a natural ingredient in food and/or pharmaceutical industries.

With an objective to determine the period of persistence of the metal-induced adaptive response to chemical mutagens and heavy metals, growing root meristems of Allium cepa were conditioned by cadmium sulfate (CdSO4), 4×10−7 and 4×10−6 M... more

With an objective to determine the period of persistence of the metal-induced adaptive response to chemical mutagens and heavy metals, growing root meristems of Allium cepa were conditioned by cadmium sulfate (CdSO4), 4×10−7 and 4×10−6 M for 1 h and subsequently challenged by maleic hydrazide (MH), 5×10−3 M or methyl mercuric chloride (MMCl), 1.26×10−6 M for 3 h at different time intervals ranging from a few minutes to several hours following the conditioning dose. Root meristems, fixed at regular intervals during recovery from 6 to 48 h, were cytologically analysed for cells with micronuclei (MNC). The adaptive responses to MH and MMCl were observed as early as 5 min after the Cd-conditioning that persisted for at least 48 h. Metabolic inhibitors, cycloheximide (CH), 10−7 M and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), 10−4 M administered either prior to or simultaneous with Cd-conditioning effectively prevented the adaptive response to MH. Whereas BSO, an inhibitor of phytochelatin synthesis, prevented the adaptive responses from 15 min to 8 h after the conditioning dose, CH an inhibitor of cytoplasmic protein synthesis prevented the same from 6 to 48 h. The findings underscored the differential roles of phytochelatins and proteins underlying the foregone metallo-adaptive response.

Despite recent advances in antifungal development, fungi remain a devastating threat to human health and compromise viability of the food supply. Plant based antimicrobials represent a vast untapped source with tremendous potential.... more

Despite recent advances in antifungal development, fungi remain a devastating threat to human health and compromise viability of the food supply. Plant based antimicrobials represent a vast untapped source with tremendous potential. Herein we present the antifungal properties of more than 50 plant extracts against two important human and agricultural pathogens, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer. Multiple extracts exhibit promising MIC values of less than 100 μg/mL and are reported for both fungal species.

A procedure for bulb formation from onion, garlic, and shallot explants is described. Explants from cut stem bases were cultured in shoot induction medium composed of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with or without N6-benzyladenine.... more

A procedure for bulb formation from onion, garlic, and shallot explants is described. Explants from cut stem bases were cultured in shoot induction medium composed of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with or without N6-benzyladenine. Shoots produced were then transferred to bulb induction medium composed of MS medium containing 5 g/liter activated charcoal and 120 g/liter sucrose under a long-day photoperiod and 28° C. Bulbs were also produced from onion and garlic directly, without passing through shoot formation, when explants were cultured in the bulb induction medium described above. Bulbs were transferred to soil without acclimatization and produced viable plants.

Allium stracheyi Baker (Alliaceae, 2600–3000 m asl), an endangered species of Central Himalaya, India, has low seed germination in its natural habitat. This study is an attempt to improve seed germination by determining the seed viability... more

Allium stracheyi Baker (Alliaceae, 2600–3000 m asl), an endangered species of Central Himalaya, India, has low seed germination in its natural habitat. This study is an attempt to improve seed germination by determining the seed viability with a low mean germination time (MGT) and germination index (GI) under optimum temperature, light, and pre-soaking treatments. The seeds were pre-soaked in hot water (80°C), cold water (10°C), and gibberellic acid (GA3 at 50 and 100 mg/l) for 24 h and subjected to light (12 h light and 12 h dark) and continuous dark (24 h) conditions with different temperature regimes (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C). The viability varied between 66.0% and 69.67% and declined rapidly after 12 months of storage. Our studies suggest that the 100 mg/l GA3 treatment was beneficial for seed germination and seedling growth. Pre-soaking in a 100 mg/l GA3 solution and incubation at 20°C under light conditions enhanced the germination significantly (p < 0.05) and resulted in the highest (97.3%) germination with the lowest MGT = 5.7 days, with GI = 8.11. The recommendations of this study support the conservation of alpine A. stracheyi via simple and cost-effective techniques for optimal seed germination.

Producers need to know whether the germination rate will produce sufficient numbers of seedlings needed for field production of onion (Allium cepa L.). The influence of temperature (5.0, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40°C) and... more

Producers need to know whether the germination rate will produce sufficient numbers of seedlings needed for field production of onion (Allium cepa L.). The influence of temperature (5.0, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40°C) and continuous light or continuous dark was tested for effects on percentage germination of normal, abnormal, or diseased seed; production of normal seedlings; and percentage of ungerminated solid and soft seeds of onion. Temperatures from 7.5 to 30°C generally assured a high germination percentage and a high percentage of normal seedlings. The most rapid germination occurred at 25°C in the dark. At 5, 35, and 40°C normal germination was only about 10%. The model from the Weibull function indicated that temperature influenced the time between the beginning of imbibition to germination. Onion seed exposed to temperatures between 10 and 30°C under field conditions could produce a high germination percentage, which should lead to development of normal seedlings.

The aerial parts of Melilotus messanensis (sweet clover) afforded, from moderately and polar bioactive fractions, 11 triterpenes and five steroids. A series of aqueous solutions at 10−4–10−9 M of five steroids and nine triterpenes was... more

The aerial parts of Melilotus messanensis (sweet clover) afforded, from moderately and polar bioactive fractions, 11 triterpenes and five steroids. A series of aqueous solutions at 10−4–10−9 M of five steroids and nine triterpenes was monitored to test their effects on germination and growth of the monocots Hordeum vulgare and Allium cepa, and the dicots Lactuca sativa (var. nigra and var. romana) and Lycopersicon esculentum. An important stimulatory effect on H. vulgare germination (between 40% and 80% for almost all tested compounds) was observed. Some considerations about the ecological role of triterpenes on M. messanensis are made. In addition to known lupane triterpenes (platanic acid and 3β,28,30-lup-20(29)-enetriol), oleanane triterpenes (soyasapogenol B, soyasapogenol G, and messagenolide), a gammacerane triterpene (gammacer-16-en-3-one), five new lupane triterpenes (messagenic acids A–E: (27-cis-4-hydroxycinnamoyloxy)-betulinic acid; 27-(trans-4-hydroxycinnamoyloxy)betulinic acid; 20(S)-3β-hydroxy-29-oxolupan-28-oic acid; 3β,30-dihydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid; and 3β,20-dihydroxylup-18(19)-en-28-oic acid, respectively), and sterols (β-sitosterol, ergosterol peroxide, 7α-hydroxysitosterol, 7β-hydroxysitosterol, and 7-oxositosterol) were isolated and chemically characterized. Their structures and stereochemistry were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (one- and two-dimensional 1H and 13C NMR, IR, MS).

The food industry produces a large amount of onion wastes, making it necessary to search for possible ways for their utilization. One way could be to use these onion wastes as a natural source of high-value functional ingredients, since... more

The food industry produces a large amount of onion wastes, making it necessary to search for possible ways for their utilization. One way could be to use these onion wastes as a natural source of high-value functional ingredients, since onion are rich in several groups of compounds, which have perceived benefits to human health. The objective of this work is to gain knowledge of any differences between the different onion wastes obtained from industry and non-commercial bulbs to use them as food ingredients rich in specific compounds. The results showed that brown skin and top-bottom could be potentially used as functional ingredient rich in dietary fibre, mainly in insoluble fraction, and in total phenolics and flavonoids, with high antioxidant activity. Moreover, brown skin showed a high concentration of quercetin aglycone and calcium, and top-bottom showed high concentration of minerals. Outer scales could be used as source of flavonols, with good antioxidant activity and content of dietary fibre. However, inner scales could be an interesting source of fructans and alk(en)yl cystein sulphoxides. In addition, discarded onions (cvs Recas and Figueres) could be used as a good source of dietary fibre, and cv Recas also as a source of phenolics compounds.

The present investigation explores the possibility of developing in vitro system which could have wider application such as germplasm conservation micropropagation, production of virus/disease free materials. Plant regeneration system... more

The present investigation explores the possibility of developing in vitro system which could have wider application such as germplasm conservation micropropagation, production of virus/disease free materials. Plant regeneration system evolved in this study may help researchers to improve these crops. Onion is one of the most important vegetable crop grown throughout the world. Three genotypes of onion viz., B-780, N-2-4-1 and Hisar-2 along with three explants i.e., shoot tip, root tip and seeds were used to study the effect of genotype and explant on indirect organogenesis in onion. In vitro grown axenic seedlings were used as the explant source. It was observed that on an overall basis MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D 0.5mg/l was optimum for maximum callus formation in all the three explants studied. Among the genotypes tested, B-780 was found to be best genotype giving good response and in explants shoot tip was adjudged best on the basis of its callus formation ability.

Mitosis pada tumbuhan terjadi selama mulai dari 30 menit sampai beberapa jam dan merupakan bagian dari suatu proses yang berputar dan terus-menerus. Mitosis terjadi di dalam sel somatik yang bersifat meristematik. Mitosis biasanya diikuti... more

Mitosis pada tumbuhan terjadi selama mulai dari 30 menit sampai beberapa jam dan merupakan bagian dari suatu proses yang berputar dan terus-menerus. Mitosis terjadi di dalam sel somatik yang bersifat meristematik. Mitosis biasanya diikuti dengan pembelahan sel yang disebut dengan sitokenesis yang mana sel akan terpisah menjadi dua. Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas, maka dilakukan praktikum preparat segar mitosis (Farra, 2013).
Berdasarkan uraian singkat diatas guna menambah wawasan dan pengetahuan mengenai pembuatan preparat dengan metode squash atau pemijatan pada akar bawang merah maka dilakukan praktikum ini.

ABSTRAK Bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) merupakan sejenis tanaman multiguna yang digunakan sebagai bumbu masakan, sayuran, penyedap masakan, dan sebagai obat tradisional antiseptik. Mitosis merupakan pembelahan sel yang mana sel anakannya... more

ABSTRAK Bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) merupakan sejenis tanaman multiguna yang digunakan sebagai bumbu masakan, sayuran, penyedap masakan, dan sebagai obat tradisional antiseptik. Mitosis merupakan pembelahan sel yang mana sel anakannya memiliki sifat yang sama dengan induk selnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pembelahan mitosis pada akar bawang merah (Alllium cepa) sebagai media pembelajaran. Metode yang umum digunakan dalam membuat preparat mitosis yaitu dengan squash. Metode squash yaitu suatu metode untuk mendapatkan suatu preparat dengan cara meremas suatu potongan jaringan atau suatu organisme secara keseluruhan, sehingga didapatkan suatu sediaan yang tipis yang dapat diamati di bawah mikroskop. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan yang telah dilakukan pada preparat squash akar bawang merah (Allium cepa) telah mengalami pembelahan mitosis sel pada tahap profase. ABSTRACT Red onion (Allium cepa L.) is a multipurpose plant are used as a seasoning, flavoring, vegetable dishes, and traditional medicine as an antiseptic. Mitosis is cell division which child is which has the same properties with the parent cell. This research aims to identify the division of mitosis in onion root (Allium cepa L.) as a medium of instruction. A common method used in making the mitotic squash preparations. Squash method is a method to get a preparations by way of squeezing apiece of tissue or an organism as a whole, so that it brings a thin material which can be observed under the microscope. Based on the observations that have been made onthe root squash preparations of onion (Allium cepa L.) have undergone mitosis cell division at this stage of prophase.

Sel dan plasmolisis tumbuhan

All sorts of pollution on the planet can be traced back to development of industries and the most important among them is water pollution. Clean technologies, management practices and regular monitoring of effluents could be helpful to... more

All sorts of pollution on the planet can be traced back to development of
industries and the most important among them is water pollution. Clean
technologies, management practices and regular monitoring of effluents could be
helpful to minimize the contamination of watersheds. Allium cepa (A. cepa) has
been recognized as a promising genetic model to detect the toxicity of industrial
wastewater, contaminated soil, river water, nuclear contamination and even for
those systems which are considered non toxic. A. cepa is distinguished as a low
cost test, easy to handle and sensitive to both in vivo and in vitro models. It offers
the detection of damages in genetic material quantitatively and the results can be
generalized for other biological and ecological systems. Moreover, the pollutants
can be classified on the basis of this test present in industrial effluents and their
mechanism of action on genetic material. This review focuses on the studies
undertaken to evaluate the toxicity of industrial wastewater, contaminated river
and soils.

A field experiment was conducted during the 2015 growing season from March to July to determine the N and P rates for optimum yield, growth and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.), a factorial combination of two rates of N (0&50kg ha-1) and... more

A field experiment was conducted during the 2015 growing season from March to July to determine the N and P rates for optimum yield, growth and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.), a factorial combination of two rates of N (0&50kg ha-1) and two rates of P (0&75 kg ha-1) were used for the experiment. Treatments were laid down in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a factorial combination with three replications. The result of this study revealed that the application of nitrogen showed significant effects in most of studied characters while P fertilization and the interaction effect N and P did not. Application of 50 kg N ha-1 increased plant height and leaf length by about 10.46 and 5.82%, respectively, over the check. Number of leaves increased by about 8.59% in response to the application of 50 kg N ha-1 over the control. Leaf diameter and bulb length were not influenced by N fertilization. Phosphorus fertilization and its interaction with N did not significantly affect onion plant height, leaves number and length. Application of 75kg ha-1 increased bulb length by about 22.28%, respectively, over the control. Application of 50 kg N ha-1 increased the average bulb weight by 46.2%. The results of this experiment indicated that the application of 50kgN per ha increased the total and marketable bulb yield about 46.2 and 60.4 % respectively over the control (1.43and 0.001t/ha respectively).

This study presents results of two generations of selection (G1 and G2) for growth of Nile tilapia. The selection environment consisted of earthen ponds which were fertilized daily with 50 kg dry matter (dm)/ha chicken manure. No... more

This study presents results of two generations of selection (G1 and G2) for growth of Nile tilapia. The selection environment consisted of earthen ponds which were fertilized daily with 50 kg dry matter (dm)/ha chicken manure. No supplementary feeds were provided. In total, 6429 fully pedigreed experimental fish were included in the analysis. Survival till harvest was highly variable ranging from 35% to 77% and was affected by initial weight, pond, and age effects. Body weight at harvest (BW) increased from a mean of 67.4 g in the grandparental (unselected) population (G0) to 129.5 g in G2 was affected by initial weight, pond, sex and age effects. Generations were discrete and therefore genetic parameters were estimated separately for each year. Heritability estimates for BW ranged from 0.38 to 0.60, and the heritability for survival ranged from 0.03 to 0.14. The estimated selection response was 23.4 g (34.7%) between G0 and G1 and 13.0 g (14.9%) between G1 and G2. These results demonstrate the feasibility of selection for growth of Nile tilapia in low-input environments.

Onion (Allium cepa), a very commonly used vegetable, ranks third in the world production of major vegetables. Apart from imparting a delicious taste and flavour due to its pungency in many culinary preparations, it serves several... more

Onion (Allium cepa), a very commonly used vegetable, ranks third in the world production of major vegetables. Apart from imparting a delicious taste and flavour due to its pungency in many culinary preparations, it serves several medicinal purposes also. Processing and preservation of onion by suitable means is a major thrust area since a long time. The various kinds of treatments followed for dehydration of onion such as convective air drying, solar drying, fluidized bed drying, vacuum microwave drying, infrared drying and osmotic drying are reviewed here. These techniques are mainly used for preservation and value addition of onion. Several researchers have tried for decades to model the drying kinetics and quality parameters, which are also compiled here briefly.