Antisocial Personality Disorder Research Papers (original) (raw)

This report describes the reliability and validity of a French version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – General (FACT-G) with a French sample of 493 cancer patients. The FACT-G consists of 27 items and four subscales:... more

This report describes the reliability and validity of a French version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – General (FACT-G) with a French sample of 493 cancer patients. The FACT-G consists of 27 items and four subscales: Physical (PWB), Functional (FWB), Social/Family (SFWB) and Emotional well-being (EWB). The study sample includes 64% with localized disease, 26% with metastases, 11% in remission, and 71% receiving radiation/chemotherapy. Internal consistency Cronbach alphas of the global FACT-G scale (0.90) and subscales (>0.75) are satisfactory (n =126). Test-retest reproducibility is satisfactory for all subscales and the global scale (n =87 to 93, r=0.74 to 0.90). ANOVA models show that PWB differentiated between the three disease stages; the global FACT-G and FWB discriminated between patients with metastases and others with localized disease or in remission; EWB only discriminated between metastases and localized disease; while SFWB did not discriminate between groups at different stages of cancer. Only the PWB subscale discriminated between patients with no history from those receiving chemotherapy (p ≤ 0.05). None of the scales discriminated between groups based on radiotherapy. These results may be useful in the design and interpretation of clinical trials involving French patients when the FACT-G is the outcome measure.

Despite similar emotional deficiencies, primary psychopathic individuals can be situated on a continuum that spans from controlled to disinhibited. The constructs on which primary psychopaths are found to diverge, such as self-control,... more

Despite similar emotional deficiencies, primary psychopathic individuals can be situated on a continuum that spans from controlled to disinhibited. The constructs on which primary psychopaths are found to diverge, such as self-control, cognitive flexibility, and executive functioning, are crucially regulated by dopamine (DA). As such, the goal of this review is to examine which specific alterations in the meso-cortico-limbic DA system and corresponding genes (e.g., TH, DAT, COMT, DRD2, DRD4) might bias development towards a more controlled or disinhibited expression of primary psychopathy. Based on empirical data, it is argued that primary psychopathy is generally related to a higher tonic and population activity of striatal DA neurons and lower levels of D2-type DA receptors in meso-cortico-limbic projections, which may boost motivational drive towards incentive-laden goals, dampen punishment sensitivity, and increase future reward-expectancy. However, increasingly higher levels of DA activity in the striatum (moderate versus pathological elevations), lower levels of DA functionality in the prefrontal cortex, and higher D1-to-D2-type receptor ratios in meso-cortico-limbic projections may lead to increasingly disinhibited and impetuous phenotypes of primary psychopathy. Finally, in order to provide a more coherent view on etiological mechanisms, we discuss interactions between DA and serotonin that are relevant for primary psychopathy.

A genomewide screen for quantitative-trait loci (QTLs) that underlie asthma was performed on 533 Chinese families with asthma, by the unified Haseman-Elston method. Nine asthma-related phenotypes were studied, including forced expiratory... more

A genomewide screen for quantitative-trait loci (QTLs) that underlie asthma was performed on 533 Chinese families with asthma, by the unified Haseman-Elston method. Nine asthma-related phenotypes were studied, including forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), airway responsiveness as indicated by methacholine (MTCH)-challenge test, serum total immunoglobulin E (TIgE), serum-specific immunoglobulin E, eosinophil count in peripheral blood, and skin-prick tests with three different allergens (cockroach, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and D. farinae). Our study showed significant linkage between airway responsiveness to MTCH and D2S1780 on chromosome 2 (P<.00002) and provided suggestive evidence (P<.002) for six additional possible QTLs: D10S1435 and D22S685, for FEV1; D16S412, for FVC; D19S433, for airway responsiveness to MTCH; D1S518, for TIgE; and D4S1647, for skin reactivity to cockroach. No significant or suggestive evidence of linkage for the other four traits was found.