Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine Research Papers (original) (raw)

Two original numerical techniques are developed for the finite element (FE) transient analysis of induction and permanent magnet motors operating in demanding aerospace applications. The first technique is the electromagnetic and thermal... more

Two original numerical techniques are developed for the finite element (FE) transient analysis of induction and permanent magnet motors operating in demanding aerospace applications. The first technique is the electromagnetic and thermal analysis weak coupling using a multiple slices 2D FE model. The advantage of the specific technique is the representation of complex actuator geometries including skewed magnets and winding ends, by using a low computational cost 2D model while taking into consideration temperature dependent material attributes. The second technique consists in the development of properly defined boundary conditions for the emulation of the cooling housing of actuators. Those boundary conditions are applied at the outer surface of the actuators in contact with the housing and eliminate the need of modeling complex 3D geometries of highly integrated actuator housings.

This paper proposes a method to estimate the magnet temperature in surface permanent-magnet machines using high-frequency carrier signal injection. The injection of a high-frequency signal, superimposed on the fundamental excitation,... more

This paper proposes a method to estimate the magnet temperature in surface permanent-magnet machines using high-frequency carrier signal injection. The injection of a high-frequency signal, superimposed on the fundamental excitation, allows the estimation of the stator high-frequency impedance, which is a function of both the stator and rotor impedances. The temperature of the magnets is shown to have a significant weight on the overall stator high-frequency impedance, from which it can be estimated. The high-frequency carrier signal is injected intermittently in order to minimize potential adverse effects on the normal operation of the machine. This paper first explains the physics behind the magnet temperature dependence. Then, the principles of the method, as well as its practical implementation, are discussed. Experimental verification of the method is provided.

The paper presents a three-dimensional finite-element analysis-based optimization of the overlap between adjacent stator teeth of a claw pole transverse flux permanent magnet machine (TFPM). Two major optimization criteria are considered:... more

The paper presents a three-dimensional finite-element analysis-based optimization of the overlap between adjacent stator teeth of a claw pole transverse flux permanent magnet machine (TFPM). Two major optimization criteria are considered: 1) the maximization of the output torque and 2) the minimization of the cogging torque. The paper shows that an overlap of almost 30% fulfills both optimization criteria.

Like any other permanent magnet machines, Interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors also have high efficiency. Because of their high efficiency along with good performance characteristic makes them suitable for electric drive with wide speed... more

Like any other permanent magnet machines, Interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors also have high efficiency. Because of their high efficiency along with good performance characteristic makes them suitable for electric drive with wide speed range. The conventional IPM machine has very little constant power range. Many attempts have been made to improve the range by modification of rotor configuration. In

One of the most important research topics in drive train topologies applied to electric/hybrid vehicles is the efficiency analysis of the power train components, including the global drive efficiency. In this paper, two basic traction... more

One of the most important research topics in drive train topologies applied to electric/hybrid vehicles is the efficiency analysis of the power train components, including the global drive efficiency. In this paper, two basic traction electric drive systems of electric/hybrid vehicles are presented and evaluated, with a special focus on the efficiency analysis. The first topology comprises a traditional pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) battery-powered inverter, whereas in the second topology, the battery is connected to a bidirectional dc–dc converter, which supplies the inverter. Furthermore, a variable-voltage control technique applied to this second topology is presented, which allows for the improvement of the drive overall performance. Some simulation results are presented, considering both topologies and a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). An even more detailed analysis is performed through the experimental validation. Particular attention is given to the evaluation of the...

In this paper, it’s mentioned about the design model for the one of the most appropriate motor for electric vehicles which is called as axial flux permanent magnet brushless dc motor. It is clarified why that kind of motor is favoured... more

In this paper, it’s mentioned about the design model for the one of the most appropriate motor for electric vehicles which is called as axial flux permanent magnet brushless dc motor. It is clarified why that kind of motor is favoured instead of others and discoursed the basic design specs by taking account of the literature studies.The position of axial flux permanent magnet brushless dc motor in the electric machinery is showed and the regarding points of designing these kind of motors are pointed out. The road map of designing aspects are extracted step by step, from the determining of physcical parameters to building of a prototype.

Axial flux motors have many advantages according to conventional motors. But, as it's known in general, the most important reason not to use axial flux motors as much as radial flux motors, is fabrication difficulties. In this paper, it's... more

Axial flux motors have many advantages according to conventional motors. But, as it's known in general, the most important reason not to use axial flux motors as much as radial flux motors, is fabrication difficulties. In this paper, it's shown how to prototype an axial flux permanent magnet motor. Because of that, the difficulties are identified after prototyping job of the axial flux motor. Results that are caused by these difficulties are written. Physical advantages of axial flux motor type is established with this application. A single rotor, single stator axial flux permanent magnet brushless dc motor is produced to prove all of these.

— the paper presents the performances' analysis for an axial-flux permanent magnet synchronous machine designed for the propulsion of a special light electric vehicle. The analysis of the studied machine is made analytically and... more

— the paper presents the performances' analysis for an axial-flux permanent magnet synchronous machine designed for the propulsion of a special light electric vehicle. The analysis of the studied machine is made analytically and numerically. A special attention will be considered for the torque ripples decrease. The obtained results of the proposed solution will be related to an electric scooter dedicated for people with reduced mobility.

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis and comparison of air-cored axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines with different types of coil configurations. Although coil factor is particularly more sensitive to coil band width and... more

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis and comparison of air-cored axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines with different types of coil configurations. Although coil factor is particularly more sensitive to coil band width and coil pitch in air-cored machines than conventional slotted machines, remarkably no comprehensive analytical equations exist. Here new formulae are derived to compare the coil factor of two common concentrated-coil stator winding types. Then respective coil factors for the winding types are used to
determine the torque characteristics, and from that the optimized coil configurations. Three -dimensional (3D) FEA
models are built to verify the analytical models. Furthermore,
overlapping and wave windings are investigated and compared
with the concentrated-coil types. Finally, a prototype machine is designed and built for experimental validations. The results
show that the concentrated-coil type with constant coil-pitch is
superior to all other coil types under study.

The aim of this paper is to find the best concentrated windings layouts for high pole number permanent-magnet (PM) machines. Pole and slot numbers are varied from 4 to 80 and 6 to 90 respectively. Among all the pole/slot combinations,... more

The aim of this paper is to find the best concentrated windings layouts for high pole number permanent-magnet (PM) machines. Pole and slot numbers are varied from 4 to 80 and 6 to 90 respectively. Among all the pole/slot combinations, those giving the highest winding factors are provided. Harmonics in the magneto-motive force (MMF), torque ripple and radial magnetic forces

The design of direct-drive wheel motors must comply with diameter restrictions due to housing the motor in a wheel rim and allow the achievement of very high torque density and overload capability. Slotless axial-flux permanent magnet... more

The design of direct-drive wheel motors must comply with diameter restrictions due to housing the motor in a wheel rim and allow the achievement of very high torque density and overload capability. Slotless axial-flux permanent magnet machines (AFPMs) prove to be the best candidate for application in electric vehicles as direct-drive wheel motors, as in comparison with conventional machines they

Based on the concept of power converter-fed machines (CFMs), an optimal machine design can be considered as the best match of the machine topology, the power electronic converter and the performance specification. To compare the power... more

Based on the concept of power converter-fed machines (CFMs), an optimal machine design can be considered as the best match of the machine topology, the power electronic converter and the performance specification. To compare the power production potential of machines with various topologies with different waveforms of back EMF and current, a general purpose sizing equation and power density equation are needed to compare the main dimensions and power of such machines. In this paper, a general approach is presented to develop and to discuss these equations. Sample applications of the sizing and power density equations are utilized to compare the induction machine and the doubly-salient permanent magnet machine

Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang dan membuat generator fluks aksial putaran rendah serta mengamati grafik kinerja karakteristik yang diperoleh dari output generator. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif.... more

Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang dan membuat generator fluks aksial putaran rendah serta mengamati grafik kinerja karakteristik yang diperoleh dari output generator. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian yang dilakukan memiliki fokus pada disain sketsa perancangan dan pembuatan obyek komponen generator fluks aksial. Untuk mendapatkan data primer dan data sekunder, peneliti menggunakan teknik observasi, studi pustaka, serta teknik pengukuran dan pengujian. Tingkat performa generator dengan kemampuan sebagai prototipe atau purwarupa pada hasil akhir dari penelitian ini adalah pada putaran 800 rpm dengan frekuensi rata-rata 80 Hz generator dapat membangkitkan tegangan 128 VAC dengan nilai arus 24,5 mA. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah generator fluks aksial multi cakram 1 fasa untuk putaran rendah dapat dirancang dengan spesifikasi 6 buah stator dan 7 keping rotor berbahan aluminium menggunakan magnet neodymium (NdFeB) sebanyak 12 kutub. Masing-masing stator terdapat 6 buah kumparan kawat tembaga dengan diameter 0,6 mm memiliki jumlah lilitan rata-rata sebanyak 100 lilitan. Nilai perbandingan dari hasil perhitungan dan pengukuran pada generator tersebut adalah 5,69 % dan dikatakan telah mendekati nilai tingkat akurasi yang baik. Pada kecepatan 250 rpm nilai tegangan ketika sebelum diberi beban adalah 36,4 VDC dan pada saat diberi beban turun menjadi 16,46 VDC. Nilai faktor regulasi tegangan DC generator tersebut adalah 54,81 %. Drop voltage tersebut disebabkan karena generator tidak dilengkapi perangkat stabilizer tegangan. Kata Kunci: Generator Fluks Aksial, 1Fasa, Multi Cakram, Neodymium Magnet (NdFeB).

the paper presents an analysis of performances for studied electrical machine designed for the propulsion of a special electric vehicle. This special vehicle is an electric scooter, usually used by people with physical disabilities. This... more

the paper presents an analysis of performances for studied electrical machine designed for the propulsion of a special electric vehicle. This special vehicle is an electric scooter, usually used by people with physical disabilities. This particular electric scooter can be used by elders as well, offering them greater mobility, since, due to their physical health they are becoming more isolated in society. The electrical machine under study in this paper is axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine. The analysis of the studied machine will be made analytically, numerically and experimental. The obtained results of the proposed solution will be related to a special electric scooter, powered by a dc motor, bought from the market. Index Terms-permanent magnet synchronous machine with axial flux, small electric vehicle.

The application of concentrated windings in permanent magnet machines significantly reduces overall machine length, due to the elimination of end winding overlap making it more suitable for areas with space limitations. Efficiency is also... more

The application of concentrated windings in permanent magnet machines significantly reduces overall machine length, due to the elimination of end winding overlap making it more suitable for areas with space limitations. Efficiency is also increased due to the reduction of copper loss. In order to take full advantage of these benefits, optimization strategies have been implemented and its effects are

For the calculation of torque in brushless (BL) alternating current motors a local method is proposed, based on the Maxwell stress theory and the filtered contributions due to the harmonics of the magnetic vector potential in the motor... more

For the calculation of torque in brushless (BL) alternating current motors a local method is proposed, based on the Maxwell stress theory and the filtered contributions due to the harmonics of the magnetic vector potential in the motor air gap. By considering the space fundamental field only, the method can efficiently estimate the average synchronous torque for a variety or

Axial flux permanent magnet motors having a dual air-gap configuration have been designed and constructed to achieve high power density and used in industries interestingly and specially in the system of driving electrical vehicles. In... more

Axial flux permanent magnet motors having a dual air-gap configuration have been designed and constructed to achieve high power density and used in industries interestingly and specially in the system of driving electrical vehicles. In this paper, the equation related to the design and dimensions of double-sided slotted axial flux synchronous motor with internal stator (TORUS) will be investigated. Then, an optimum design based on genetic algorithm with the purpose of increasing power density is presented. Two-dimensional finite-element analysis (FEM) is used to demonstrate these optimization and its results will be presented. Finally, it presents the resultant back emf waveform and current for a 1.0 kW, 48 V, 50 Hz, 4-poles/15-slots TORUS slotted axial motor prototype, based on our optimization techniques. KEYWORDS Axial Flux PM Motors (AFPM), Power Density, Genetic Algorithm and Finite Element method (FEM)

Direct-drive traction motors devoted to railway applications must be designed in order to comply with both machine diameter restriction and achievement of very high torque density, as well as they should have substantial flux-weakening... more

Direct-drive traction motors devoted to railway applications must be designed in order to comply with both machine diameter restriction and achievement of very high torque density, as well as they should have substantial flux-weakening capability in order to be operated over the required constant-power speed range. Concerning to that, this paper deals with the original solutions adopted for design and construction of an axial-flux permanent magnet machine (AFPM) prototype rated 8000 N-m, 682 rev/min. For such a demonstrator machine a 4-stack AFPM structure is adopted in order to overcome the design restriction on the machine diameter, whereas very efficient cooling arrangement of the machine stator is accomplished by means of a water-cooled toroidal plate. The paper outlines the design characteristics and reports experimental results of the above-mentioned railway traction motor prototype.

Nowadays the majority of electric drives work at variable speeds. In this kind of drives the electrical machines are supplied by inverters which generate modulated voltages. It is widely known that these non sinusoidal voltages cause... more

Nowadays the majority of electric drives work at variable speeds. In this kind of drives the electrical machines are supplied by inverters which generate modulated voltages. It is widely known that these non sinusoidal voltages cause additional current harmonics dealing to higher iron losses than with sinusoidal voltages. The iron losses affect to several design constraints as the efficiency and the thermal behavior of electrical machine. Hence, the accurate computation of the iron losses under different supply voltage conditions is very important in order to optimize the machine design as much as possible. This work deals with multi-domain simulations in order to calculate the iron losses in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) under Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) voltages. The current supplies are implemented in the simulation system MATLAB-SIMULINKreg. Whereas the electrical machine is simulated using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The iron losses are computed by a post-pr...

This paper discusses three-phase topologies for modulated pole machines (MPMs). The authors introduce a new three-phase topology, which takes advantage of mutual flux paths; this is analyzed using 3-D finite-element methods and compared... more

This paper discusses three-phase topologies for modulated pole machines (MPMs). The authors introduce a new three-phase topology, which takes advantage of mutual flux paths; this is analyzed using 3-D finite-element methods and compared to a three-phase topology using three single-phase units stacked axially. The results show that the new “combined-phase MPM” exhibits a greater torque density, while offering a reduction