Blockchain Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

We explore how digital technologies are helping address grand challenges to tackle climate change and promote sustainable development. With digital technologies, entrepreneurial organizations have adopted innovative approaches to tackle... more

We explore how digital technologies are helping address grand challenges to tackle climate change and promote sustainable development. With digital technologies, entrepreneurial organizations have adopted innovative approaches to tackle seemingly intractable societal challenges. We refer to these broadly as digital sustainability activities. By focusing on the digital toolbox employed by pioneering organizations, we propose a research agenda that generates novel questions for entrepreneurship, business models, and ecosystems as well as new ways of thinking about trust and institutional logics. We believe that digital sustainability can spur empirical advances in entrepreneurship, innovation, and strategy with potential for positive impact on society. Keywords sustainable, business models, technology and innovation management We observe a convergence of two seemingly disparate trends in business with consequences for climate emergency and the need for societal actors to take on expanded roles in the production of environmental and social value (Di Domenico et al., 2010; Embry et al., 2019; George et al., 2012; Howard-Grenville et al., 2014). Earth's dire situation has been brought to the fore by diverse stakeholders. The European parliament recently followed the UK and Canadian govern-scientists, the IPCC (2018) report on climate change and the devastating IPBES report on

Research on blockchain technology implementation within civil engineering is quickly emerging. The use of blockchain for the integration of the material and economic flows within construction supply chain – thus creating a new digital... more

Research on blockchain technology implementation within civil engineering is quickly emerging. The use of blockchain for the integration of the material and economic flows within construction supply chain – thus creating a new digital business model for the related actors – to enhance a construction project’s production, logistics management, and constructability, has been only scarcely investigated. In this paper, this shortage is documented through a comprehensive literature review. Then, the potential of Swedish independent third-party logistics consultants as a fertile ground for such a digital business model, is examined. Finally, conclusions about the pursuance of this potential paradigm shift are drawn.

The article explores how the quality of life within a deprived urban environment might be improved through the ‘gamification’ of and interaction with, more-than-human elements within the environment. It argues that such quality may be... more

The article explores how the quality of life within a deprived urban environment might be improved through the ‘gamification’ of and interaction with, more-than-human elements within the environment. It argues that such quality may be achieved through the community’s multicentered value from the bottom up. This is shown through the case study of the Co-De|GT urban mobile application that was developed in the Synergetic Landscapes unit through real-life research by design experimental studio teaching. Complimentary experimentation took place during the Relating Systems Thinking and Design 10 symposium in the Co-De|BP workshop, where experts were able to be collocated for interactive real-time data gathering. This application addresses the need for collective action towards more-than-human synergy across an urban ecosystem through gamification, community collaboration and DIY culture. It intends to generate a sustainable, scalable token economy where humans and non-humans play equal roles, earning, trading and being paid for goods and services to test such potentials for future economies underpinned by blockchain. This work diverges from dominant economic models that do not recognise the performance of and the limits to, material extraction from the ecosystem. The current economic model has led to the global financial crisis (GFC). Furthermore, it is based on the unsustainable perpetual consumption of services and goods, which may lead to the untangling and critical failure of the market system globally. Therefore, this work investigates how gamification and tokenization may support a complementary and parallel economic market that sustains and grows urban ecosystems. While the research does not speculate on policy implications, it posits how such markets may ameliorate some of the brittleness apparent in the global economic model. It demonstrates a systemic approach to urban ecosystem performance for the future post-Anthropocene communities and economies.

Il rapporto tra scienza giuridica e tecnologie informatiche rappresenta una questione ormai ineludibile per chiunque intenda misurarsi con le istanze della società digitale. I due autori si confrontano su temi attuali e decisivi relativi... more

Il rapporto tra scienza giuridica e tecnologie informatiche rappresenta una questione ormai ineludibile per chiunque intenda misurarsi con le istanze della società digitale. I due autori si confrontano su temi attuali e decisivi relativi all’informatica giuridica e al diritto dell’informatica, esaminando l’impatto della tecnologia sulla società nel suo complesso, sulla persona e i suoi diritti, sugli istituti e sugli strumenti del diritto. Le tematiche spaziano dalla problematica tutela dei dati personali e del right to be forgotten al riconoscimento dei diritti digitali, dal governo di dati e algoritmi alle questioni poste dall’intelligenza artificiale e dalla blockchain, dall’affermarsi pervasivo di documenti informatici, firme elettroniche e contratti telematici alla complessa protezione di opere digitali e beni informatici, dalla necessità di un’amministrazione digitale e aperta all’emersione di nuove geometrie di potere, dagli inediti bilanciamenti tra interessi ai difficili equilibri in tema di responsabilità, dalla diffusione endemica della criminalità informatica ai nuovi e cupi scenari della guerra cibernetica. L’obiettivo del volume è quello di proporre al lettore alcuni punti di osservazione privilegiati per riflettere sul destino della scienza giuridica nell’era tecnologica, avvalendosi anche dell’analisi di significativi casi di studio: regolare la dimensione digitale della vita umana costituisce una sfida impegnativa ma inevitabile, cui il diritto è chiamato a rispondere.

Blockchain, the underlying technology that powers cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, is gaining so much attention from different industry stakeholders, governments and research communities. Its application is extending beyond... more

Blockchain, the underlying technology that powers cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, is gaining so much attention from different industry stakeholders, governments and research communities. Its application is extending beyond cryptocurrencies and has been exploited in different domains such as finance, E-commerce, Internet of Things (IoT), healthcare, and governance. Some key attributes of the technology are decentralization, immutability, security and transparency. This paper aims to describe how permissioned Blockchain can be applied to a specific educational use case-decentralized verification of academic credentials. The proposed Blockchain-based solution, named 'CredenceLedger', is a system that stores compact data proofs of digital academic credentials in Blockchain ledger that are easily verifiable for education stakeholders and interested third party organizations.

This op-ed style essay examines the wildly exaggerated claims made for Non-Fungible Tokens or NFT artworks. Above all, it questions the NFT's peculiar reversal of digital media's inherent interchangeability by turning back to the... more

This op-ed style essay examines the wildly exaggerated claims made for Non-Fungible Tokens or NFT artworks. Above all, it questions the NFT's peculiar reversal of digital media's inherent interchangeability by turning back to the centuries-old legacy of individual authorship and visionary private property. "NFT Fever: Is it Time for a Great Refusal 2.0?," was originally written for and published by the Portuguese cultural journal, Electra Magazine, and is hereby updated with some important corrections to the technical details. https://www.fundacaoedp.pt/en/content/electra-magazine

Blockchain has numerous benefits such as decentralisation, persistency, anonymity and auditability. There is a wide spectrum of blockchain applications ranging from cryptocurrency, financial services, risk management, internet of things... more

Blockchain has numerous benefits such as decentralisation, persistency, anonymity and auditability. There is a wide spectrum of blockchain applications ranging from cryptocurrency, financial services, risk management, internet of things (IoT) to public and social services. Although a number of studies focus on using the blockchain technology in various application aspects, there is no comprehensive survey on the blockchain technology in both technological and application perspectives. To fill this gap, we conduct a comprehensive survey on the blockchain technology. In particular, this paper gives the blockchain taxonomy, introduces typical blockchain consensus algorithms, reviews blockchain applications and discusses technical challenges as well as recent advances in tackling the challenges. Moreover, this paper also points out the future directions in the blockchain technology.

3rd International Conference on Blockchain and Internet of Things (BIoT 2022) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Blockchain and Internet of Things.... more

3rd International Conference on Blockchain and Internet of Things (BIoT 2022) will provide
an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and
applications of Blockchain and Internet of Things. The Conference looks for significant
contributions to all major fields of the Blockchain and Internet of Things in theoretical and
practical aspects.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research
results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in
the areas of Blockchain and Internet of Things.

The research undertaken in the following paper bases its analysis on the model of the decentralized governance, offered in the case of blockchain technologies. The focus will be centered on some social elements of innovation introduced by... more

The research undertaken in the following paper bases its analysis on the model of the decentralized governance, offered in the case of blockchain technologies. The focus will be centered on some social elements of innovation introduced by the blockchain system, such as the Non-fungible tokens (NFT) and on the argument of their undeniable influence on a social, political and cultural levelinto forming a new model of governance. More specifically, it will be given an insight on the modes in which the compliance to the blockchain and NFT model, gives rise to new levels of relations between people, influencing their ways of living and socializing. Thus, NFTs are putting forward some novel aesthetics of interaction-exemplified by the case of a new perspective on art, and enhancing individual will and autonomy, through the circulation of cryptographic tokens within the digital space.

RESUMEN. Cada día son más las amenazas en torno al tema de la violación de datos personales, donde la privacidad y se-guridad de la información son el principal reto en esta era de la información y comunicación. La tecnología Blockchain... more

RESUMEN. Cada día son más las amenazas en torno al tema de la violación de datos personales, donde la privacidad y se-guridad de la información son el principal reto en esta era de la información y comunicación. La tecnología Blockchain llega como una revolución por sus características de inmutabilidad, confianza, transparencia, descentralización y distribución en los registros, convirtiéndola en una tecnología disruptiva que llega a romper los paradigmas tradicionales respecto a cómo percibimos el mundo. En su desarrollo y aplicación, nos plantea muchas interrogantes, principalmente con la compatibilidad, privacidad y protección de datos personales, razón por la cual se examina-rá de manera general cómo funciona esta tecnología disruptiva, la intersección que tiene con las normas legales, y las posibles encrucijadas en que deberán dialogar y resolverse, para que las personas sean verdaderos dueños de su identidad y de sus datos personales. PALABRAS CLAVES. Blockchain, protección de datos persona-les, transparencia, transmisión de datos.

Non-Fungible Token or ‘Non-Replaceable Token’ is the contemporary trend in the digital industry as of 2021 [1]. Introduced first in 2017 from a game called Crypto Punks, the NFT system shows promising breakthroughs since then [2]. The... more

Non-Fungible Token or ‘Non-Replaceable Token’ is the contemporary trend in the digital industry as of 2021 [1]. Introduced first in 2017 from a game called Crypto Punks, the NFT system shows promising breakthroughs since then [2]. The concept is that every NFT has unique properties making it original and distinguishable from everyone[3]. By being unique, these made them tradable and sold digitally just like a real-life auction. The only difference is that cryptocurrency is used to purchase it and blockchain or the series of restricted ‘a ledger’ of interconnected computers validate the purchase instead of a middle man or the bank [3].
As of May 2021, many NFT systems emerge ranging from the fields of gaming, music, media, decentralized finance (Defi), and more [4]. Many people testify that NFT is one of their sources of income during the pandemic. Similarly, celebrities and companies declare their involvement in the field. In a recent study, 23 percent of NFTs give a return rate of 1000 percent [4].On top of that, a single picture was sold for 69.3 million dollars in a digital auction [5]. To participate, one must first understand the fundamentals, involved risks, opportunities, and challenges present in the NFT system.

The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed digitalization and digitization across all industry sectors and blockchain is considered an innovative frontrunning technology with regards to applicability and usability in these challenging times.... more

The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed digitalization and digitization across all industry sectors and blockchain is considered an innovative frontrunning technology with regards to applicability and usability in these challenging times. Blockchain technology has enabled access, through the process of tokenization, to assets that, until now, could not be traded quickly and easily. Tokenization is one of the cornerstones of Decentralized Finance (DeFi) and a native functionality of multiple blockchain architectures. The properties and features of a token unlocks a variety of economic possibilities, besides the main function of using it as fuel for the network itself. A basic definition of a token refers to a digital asset that is created, issued and managed on a Blockchain or Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) infrastructure, and is designed to be highly secure with an instant transferability property. With the advancement of smart contracts, some built-in functionalities have been developed and programmed, which helped push the tokenization process to new heights. From real estate security tokens that represent fractionalized properties to platformspecific tokens that incentivize the use of a particular application, tokens have emerged as a secure and digital alternative for users across the world to access, trade and store value. The Content Creators and Art industry is going through a paradigm shift with the introduction of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), as the space is acquiring a large number or artists hoping to capitalize on the innovation and distribution power that blockchain technology is offering. What digitization first removed from art, blockchain is trying to bring it back, reshaping the art world with viable tools for provenance, authenticity and distribution. In this paper we will assess the innovative approach of NFTs in different sectors, with an in-depth analysis of their usability and impact. We will be focusing on the features of NFTs to ensure scarcity, traceability and proof of ownership, amongst the most essential properties needed to create, store and maintain the value of an asset.

Ethereum prospered the inception of a plethora of smart contract applications, ranging from gambling games to decentralized finance. However, Ethereum is also considered a highly adversarial environment, where vulnerable smart contracts... more

Ethereum prospered the inception of a plethora of smart contract applications, ranging from gambling games to decentralized finance. However, Ethereum is also considered a highly adversarial environment, where vulnerable smart contracts will eventually be exploited. Recently, Ethereum's pool of pending transaction has become a far more aggressive environment. In the hope of making some profit, attackers continuously monitor the transaction pool and try to frontrun their victims' transactions by either displacing or suppressing them, or strategically inserting their transactions. This paper aims to shed some light into what is known as a dark forest and uncover these predators' actions. We present a methodology to efficiently measure the three types of frontrunning: displacement, insertion, and suppression. We perform a large-scale analysis on more than 11M blocks and identify almost 200K attacks with an accumulated profit of 18.41M USD for the attackers, providing eviden...

A blockchain provides a secured paradigm to achieve consensus using a distributed and peer-to-peer network in which no trusted central party is required. As a result, it has the potential to resolve many challenges that are faced with... more

A blockchain provides a secured paradigm to achieve consensus using a distributed and peer-to-peer network in which no trusted central party is required. As a result, it has the potential to resolve many challenges that are faced with current centralized controllers in globally distributed applications. To date, the blockchain technology has been used for recording transactions and tracking objects in which multiple participants reach a consensus on whether a transaction is valid or not. This paper introduces the novel paradigm of probabilistic blockchains, an extension of the current blockchains that allows building efficient and distributed risk assessment and decision-making applications in which multiple untrusting parties collaborate but may not completely agree on the outcome. The paradigm is particularly useful for risk assessment, where a group of decision-makers needs to decide or analyze an event based on imperfect information. The proposed approach can be used in applicat...

Abstrak Edukasi merupakan proses bisnis yang selama berabad telah menjadi pilar pe-merintahan dalam membangun bangsa. Proses pelaksanaan edukasi secara global masih belum ada perubahan yang mengikuti perkembangan zaman. Berbagai problem... more

Abstrak Edukasi merupakan proses bisnis yang selama berabad telah menjadi pilar pe-merintahan dalam membangun bangsa. Proses pelaksanaan edukasi secara global masih belum ada perubahan yang mengikuti perkembangan zaman. Berbagai problem yang dihadapi saat ini oleh pelaksana penyedia jasa edukasi, dalam hal ini sebut saja per-masalahan autentikasi dan verifikasi sertifikat yang merupakan luaran mikro maupun makro dari sebuah proses pembelajaran. Adanya mercusuar tentang Blockchain, dise-but orang orang sebagai solusi dari masalah polemik pendidikan selama ini. Perpaduan ilmu antara bidang edukasi dan teknologi blockchain akan menciptakan revolusi baru dari industri pendidikan yang dirasa mandek dan tidak sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman saat ini. Terdapat berbagai pencerahan dari solusi ini, namun dirasa belum cukup untuk secara detail menjelaskan ontologi dari edukasi menggunakan blockchain, yang secara keseluruhan membahas tentang keberadaan blockchain pada pendidikan berdasarkan kajian ilmu. Ontologi untuk pendidikan ini akan berguna sebagai platform literatur bagi peneliti yang akan memulai penelitian dasar dan terapan yang menjurus ke arah blockchain for education. Disamping itu, adanya kelemahan dan inefisiensi dari blockchain yaitu dari segi biaya, ruang penyimpanan, dan kecepatan akan diusulkan solusinya melalui in-chain dan off-chain protocol dalam bentuk framework. Alhasil, penelitian ini juga bisa menjadi landasan platform baru sebagai solusi bagi pemerintah dalam meluncurkan edukasi berbasis blockchain, yang menjadi cikal bakal untuk menciptakan pemerintahan berbasis blockchain.

Desde o surgimento da primeira criptomoeda, o bitcoin, empresas para intermediação entre quem quer comprar e vender moedas virtuais, as exchanges de criptoativos, foram surgindo com enfoque na comercialização de moedas virtuais. Nesse... more

Desde o surgimento da primeira criptomoeda, o bitcoin, empresas para intermediação entre quem quer comprar e vender moedas virtuais, as exchanges de criptoativos, foram surgindo com enfoque na comercialização de moedas virtuais. Nesse sentido, conflitos entre essas empresas e bancos geraram discussões que desembocaram no judiciário para dirimir sobre a matéria.

La doctrine s’est déjà penchée à de nombreuses reprises sur les assurtechs, la menace concurrentielle qu’elles pourraient représenter pour les acteurs traditionnels de l’assurance ou encore sur les technologies dont elles font usage. Elle... more

La doctrine s’est déjà penchée à de nombreuses reprises sur les assurtechs, la menace concurrentielle qu’elles pourraient représenter pour les acteurs traditionnels de l’assurance ou encore sur les technologies dont elles font usage. Elle semble en revanche s’être moins intéressée à l’étude des relations que ces assurtechs nourrissent avec les acteurs du marché qu’elles viennent disrupter.
Cette recherche a donc pour objectif de déterminer différentes catégories d’assurtech. De qualifier les relations de partenariat, de dépendance ou de compétition qu’elles développeront entre elles et avec les acteurs traditionnels du marché. La nature de ces relations sera fonction de leurs caractéristiques et des besoins des acteurs traditionnels dans leur effort de transformation digitale. Des data primaires et secondaires, qualitatives et quantitatives sont employés afin de déterminer un schéma des relations inter-organisationnelles du marché de l’assurance enrichi de ces nouveaux acteurs.
Ces recherches ont conduit à conclure que les stratégies le plus performantes conduiront à voir naitre des écosystèmes composés d’assurtech conceptrices de produit d’assurance et d’assurtech de soutien à la digitalisation entourant des groupes d’assurance traditionnels. Viendront s’ajouter à cet écosystème des prestataires de services liés directement ou indirectement au service d’assurance proposé. Cette nouvelle logique d’écosystème élargira donc la fonction d’assurance de ces acteurs à celle de protection.
Ce model emportera des conséquences majeures sur le marché de l’assurance, sa dynamique, ses facteurs clefs de succès et bouleversera sa logique financière. C’est par des observations et recommandations managériales basées sur cette analyse et les pronostics qui en découlent que se conclura cette recherche

In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based cold chain technology for vaccine cooling track. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the death of millions of people. An important step towards ending the pandemic is vaccination. Vaccines must be... more

In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based cold chain technology for vaccine cooling track. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the death of millions of people. An important step towards ending the pandemic is vaccination. Vaccines must be kept under control temperature during the whole process, from fabrication to the hands of the health professionals who will immunize the population. However, there are numerous reports of vaccine loss due to temperature variations, and, currently, people getting vaccinated have no control if their vaccine was kept safe. Blockchain is a technology solution that can provide public and verifiable records. We review the World Health Organization (WHO) cool chain and Blockchain technology. Moreover, we describe current IoT temperature monitoring devices and propose Blockcoldchain to track vaccine cold chain using blockchain, thus proving an unalterable vaccine temperature history. Our experimental results using smart contracts demonstrate the system’s f...

A blockchain provides a secured paradigm to achieve consensus using a distributed and peer-to-peer network in which no trusted central party is required. As a result, it has the potential to resolve many challenges that are faced with... more

A blockchain provides a secured paradigm to achieve consensus using a distributed and peer-to-peer network in which no trusted central party is required. As a result, it has the potential to resolve many challenges that are faced with current centralized controllers in globally distributed applications. To date, the blockchain technology has been used for recording transactions and tracking objects in which multiple participants reach a consensus on whether a transaction is valid or not. This paper introduces the novel paradigm of probabilistic blockchains, an extension of the current blockchains that allows building efficient and distributed risk assessment and decision-making applications in which multiple untrusting parties collaborate but may not completely agree on the outcome. The paradigm is particularly useful for risk assessment, where a group of decision-makers needs to decide or analyze an event based on imperfect information. The proposed approach can be used in applicat...

Disruptive technology, blockchain is propelling a technological intervention in healthcare due to its unique features and advantages. The healthcare industry is migrating to Health 4.0. Therefore, peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions in a... more

Disruptive technology, blockchain is propelling a technological intervention in healthcare due to its unique features and advantages. The healthcare industry is migrating to Health 4.0. Therefore, peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions in a decentralized and distributed manner makes blockchain more lucrative to serve the needs of the healthcare industry of today. The revolutionary system, blockchain has been discussed in the field of healthcare over the past five years. Hence, a systematic investigation of the existing body of knowledge concerning blockchain research in healthcare is essential. The motivation of this study is to support further studies based on the current research trend analysis via graphical visualization and bibliographic material analysis. Therefore, this study maps the expansion of scientific and academic research conducted concerning blockchain that is relevant to healthcare by utilizing a bibliometric analytic method to understand the state of the art. Bibliometric statistics were utilized to analyze current scientific articles published in the Scopus database from 2016 to 2019. In addition, an overview of the publication trends over the first three months of 2020 was undertaken to understand the research trend for the current year so far. The study serves the purpose of mapping research development trends in healthcare. The outcome discovered some beneficial insights such as the yearly trend of publications, top listed authors, institutes, countries, and publishers from around the world. Moreover, this article assists scholars in developing a theoretical framework to provide a primary source of reference for further studies regarding blockchain technology in the healthcare domain. INDEX TERMS Blockchain, bibliometric analysis, health 4.0, healthcare, scopus database.

A kriptovaluták kora című, - a jelen kötet előzményének tekinthető -könyvükben a szerzők a kriptovalutákban rejlő lehetőségeket tárták fel, egy igazságosabb globális fizetési rendszer létrehozása érdekében, amelyben nem léteznének bankok... more

A kriptovaluták kora című, - a jelen kötet előzményének tekinthető -könyvükben a szerzők a kriptovalutákban rejlő lehetőségeket tárták fel, egy igazságosabb globális fizetési rendszer létrehozása érdekében, amelyben nem léteznének bankok vagy pénzügyi közvetítők. Az igazsággépezet című második kötetük e gondolat kiterjesztése, amely azt vizsgálja, hogy a bitcoin mögött álló blokklánc (blockchain) technológia hogyan definiálhatja újra nagy általánosságban számos más, új felhasználási területen a társadalmi szerveződéseket és az intézményrendszereket.

The paper-based certification is prone to manipulation and vulnerable to fraud. Instances of fraudulent degrees, manipulation of academic records, or compromised academic programs adversely impact and damage an academic institution's... more

The paper-based certification is prone to manipulation and vulnerable to fraud. Instances of fraudulent degrees, manipulation of academic records, or compromised academic programs adversely impact and damage an academic institution's credibility. It also affects the Indian universities' mission and prospects of the students graduating from such a university. What makes reputational risk a unique risk is that it may arise both from the university or institution's failure or the action outside the university. It is, therefore, essential to take an enterprise risk management approach to mitigate reputational risk. Robust credential verification and validation protocols are the most important protections against fake certifications. The legacy certificate verification solutions are highly centralized, i.e., utterly dependent on the issuing authority for certificates. Despite the University Grants Commission (UGC) taking strict measures against individuals, Indian universitie...

The key challenges of the building, engineering, construction, operations, and mining (BECOM) industries are the lack of trust, inefficiencies, and the fragmentation of the information value chain into vulnerable data silos throughout the... more

The key challenges of the building, engineering, construction, operations, and mining (BECOM) industries are the lack of trust, inefficiencies, and the fragmentation of the information value chain into vulnerable data silos throughout the lifecycle of projects. This paper aims to develop a novel conceptual model for the implementation of blockchain technology (BCT) for digital twin(s) (DT) in the BECOM industry 4.0 to improve trust, cyber security, efficiencies, information management, information sharing, and sustainability. A PESTELS approach is used to review the literature and identify the key challenges affecting BCT adoption for the BECOM industry 4.0. A review of the technical literature on BCT combined with the findings from PESTELS analysis permitted researchers to identify the key technological factors affecting BCT adoption in the industry. This allowed offering a technological framework—namely, the decentralized digital twin cycle (DDTC)—that leverages BCT to address the...

Blockchain has emerged as one of the finest and promising technologies in the last decade. Bitcoin started the journey in 2008 and soon blockchain technology paved the way much beyond cryptocurrencies in form of smart contracts... more

Blockchain has emerged as one of the finest and promising technologies in the last decade. Bitcoin started the journey in 2008 and soon blockchain technology paved the way much beyond cryptocurrencies in form of smart contracts deployment, permissioned blockchains, hyperledger, ethereum and the list is endless, so to say with a multitude of variants evolving across. This expansion of the implementations has been across domains, hitherto unthought-of. One such domain with definite connects in future are the evolving smart cities across the countries. Smart city concept pullulates to step-up functional efficiency, share information with the users and better the citizen welfare enabled by information and communication technologies (ICT). The rapidly evolving growth of the smart cities thus has thrown multiple challenges to the widely used traditional way of ensuring seamless, secure, robust exchange of information between devices and entities in the smart city ecosystem. This paper builds upon the concepts of blockchain, smart cities, and InterPlanetary File System and further explores possibilities of realizing blockchain enabled smart cities on InterPlanetary File System architecture concluded by challenges ahead. The proposed architecture is simulated with results in a limited environment.

This article describes an Integrated Decision Making Environment modeled after the human anatomy and various naturally occurring phenomena and processes, like swarming, and the human neural decision making process. Observing the natural... more

This article describes an Integrated Decision Making Environment modeled after the human anatomy and various naturally occurring phenomena and processes, like swarming, and the human neural decision making process. Observing the natural fractals related to decision making, which can be clearly seen in bee swarms, ant colonies and human neurons, together with the organic capabilities of storing and distributing information using the DNA and the overall anatomy of the human body, we want to define a coherent organic Decision Making Environment custom-tailored for the human society by nature itself. In order to properly replicate the organic operating system used by the human body to govern itself we must first start looking at how data is distributed between cells and stored inside the DNA. In order to reproduce this kind of distributed and decentralized database we decided to use Blockchain technology as it shares a lot of the key properties with human DNA.

Electricity is an essential comfort to support our daily activities. With the competitive increase and energy costs by the industry, new values and opportunities for delivering electricity to customers are produced. One of these new... more

Electricity is an essential comfort to support our daily activities. With the competitive increase and energy costs by the industry, new values and opportunities for delivering electricity to customers are produced. One of these new opportunities is electric vehicles. With the arrival of electric vehicles, various challenges and opportunities are being presented in the electric power system worldwide. For example, under the traditional electric power billing scheme, electric power has to be consumed where it is needed so that end-users could not charge their electric vehicles at different points (e.g. a relative's house) if this the correct user is not billed (this due to the high consumption of electrical energy that makes it expensive). To achieve electric mobility, they must solve new challenges, such as the smart metering of energy consumption and the cybersecurity of these measurements. The present work shows a study of the different smart metering technologies that use blo...

Purpose Blockchain, which was originally created to enable peer-to-peer digital payment systems (bitcoin), is considered to have several benefits for different sectors, such as the real estate one. In a standard European-wide real estate... more

Purpose Blockchain, which was originally created to enable peer-to-peer digital payment systems (bitcoin), is considered to have several benefits for different sectors, such as the real estate one. In a standard European-wide real estate transaction, several intermediaries are involved. As a consequence, these agreements are usually time-consuming and involve extra difficulties to cross-border operations. As blockchain, combined with smart contracts, may have an important role in these transactions, this paper aims to explore its prospective challenges, limitations and opportunities in the real estate sector and discover how the traditional intermediaries have to face a possible implementation of this technology. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyses the current intermediaries in the real estate sector in European Union (EU), their functions and how can blockchain strengthen the security of these transactions while reducing their time. The author uses a legal methodology t...

International Journal on Cryptography and Information Security ( IJCIS) is an open access peer reviewed journal that focuses on cutting-edge results in applied cryptography and Information security. It aims to bring together scientists,... more

International Journal on Cryptography and Information Security ( IJCIS) is an open access peer reviewed journal that focuses on cutting-edge results in applied cryptography and Information security. It aims to bring together scientists, researchers and students to exchange novel ideas and results in all aspects of cryptography, coding and Information security.

هدف البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على التقنيات الحديثة التي أفرزتها الثورة الصناعية الرابعة وآثارها على المحاسبة والمراجعة، وذلك بالاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي الوثائقي لمراجعة الوثائق المتوفرة من بحوث ومؤلفات وإصدارات وتحليلها واستخلاص الاستنتاجات... more

هدف البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على التقنيات الحديثة التي أفرزتها الثورة الصناعية الرابعة وآثارها على المحاسبة والمراجعة، وذلك بالاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي الوثائقي لمراجعة الوثائق المتوفرة من بحوث ومؤلفات وإصدارات وتحليلها واستخلاص الاستنتاجات التي تجيب عن تساؤلات البحث، ومن أهم تلك الاستنتاجات أن تقنيات الثورة الصناعية الرابعة تعمل على إحداث تغيرات في مفاهيم ومبادئ تصميم نظم المعلومات المحاسبية، وتحسين جودة التقارير المالية، والتقليل من إصدار الأحكام الشخصية وإعداد التقديرات المحاسبية، وحدوث تغيرات جوهرية في تنظيم وتخطيط عملية المراجعة وتقييم المخاطر وإجراءات المراجعة التحليلية، وبروز مجالات جديدة كالمراجعة بالاستثناء والمراجعة التلقائية، والتحليل المالي للبيانات الضخمة، وبنا ًء على ما أسفر عنه البحث من نتائج أوصى بضرورة أن تتكيف المحاسبة والمراجعة وبنفس الوتيرة مع التطورات التي تطرأ على بيئة أعمال الشركات نتيجة زيادة تبني تقنيات الثورة الصناعية الرابعة، وأن تأخذ إدارة الشركة قضايا الأمن السيبراني. في الاعتبار عند التخطيط الاسترايجي.

Приведены основные принципы построения существующей инфраструктуры открытых ключей. Освещены проблемные вопросы, связанные с функционированием такой системы. Предложена новая концепция построения инфраструктуры открытых ключей с... more

Приведены основные принципы построения существующей инфраструктуры открытых ключей. Освещены проблемные вопросы, связанные с функционированием такой системы. Предложена новая концепция построения инфраструктуры открытых ключей с использованием технологии blockchain, которая позволяет избежать слабостей и недостатков иерархической архитектуры.

In the context of private ordering—where rule sets are relatively fluid, centrally controlled, and exist in the shadow of law and regulation—developing generalizable insights about comparatively superior governance mechanisms is... more

In the context of private ordering—where rule sets are relatively fluid, centrally controlled, and exist in the shadow of law and regulation—developing generalizable insights about comparatively superior governance mechanisms is difficult. I shed light on this question by characterizing cryptocurrency blockchains as a type of constitutional rule set that both defines and legitimizes the activities supported by the underlying distributed ledger technology. More specifically, I argue that cryptocurrency blockchains have led to new forms of competition in private governance, which include exit costs as an important competitive margin. My analysis not only identifies the choices in constitutional governance to which proposed cryptocurrency blockchain changes are analogous, but it also highlights the competitive gains expected to result from these changes. I further consider both the trade-offs in governance created by competition between cryptocurrency blockchains and the surprising ways in which these unique competitive margins may influence downstream outcomes.

Distributed forecasting of agriculture commodity prices has an attractive research perspective that delivers active breakthrough analysis of the rapid fluctuations in pricing forecasts for participating stakeholders without being manually... more

Distributed forecasting of agriculture commodity prices has an attractive research perspective that delivers active breakthrough analysis of the rapid fluctuations in pricing forecasts for participating stakeholders without being manually dispatched lists. The increased use of an
efficient forecasting mechanism for the agriculture information management of generated records and processing creates emerging challenges and limitations. These include new government mandates
and regulations, the price of land for expansion, forecasting the growing demand for commodities, fluctuations in the global financial market, food security, and bio-based fuels. Building and deploying distributed dynamic scheduling, management, and monitoring systems of agricultural activities for commodity price forecasting and supply chains require a significant secure and efficient approach. Thus, this paper discusses a collaborative approach where two different folds are demonstrated
to cover distinct aspects with different objectives. A metaheuristic-enabled genetic algorithm is designed to receive day-to-day agricultural production details and process and analyze forecast pricing from the records by scheduling, managing, and monitoring them in real-time. The blockchain hyperledger sawtooth distributed modular technology provides a secure communication channel between stakeholders, a private network, protects the forecasting ledger, adds and updates commodity prices, and preserves agricultural information and node transactions in the immutable ledger (IPFS). To accomplish this, we design, develop, and deploy two distinct smart contracts to register the system’s actual stakeholders and allow for the addition of node transactions and exchanges. The second smart contract updates the forecasting commodity pricing ledger and distributes it to participating stakeholders while preserving detailed addresses in storage. The simulation results of
the proposed collaborative approach deliver an efficient E-agriculture commodity price forecast with an accuracy of 95.3%. It also maintains ledger transparency, integrity, provenance, availability, and
secure operational control and access of agricultural activities.

The emergence of Blockchain have revolutionize the decentralization in distributed architecture. The advances in the consensus mechanism techniques and the development of different variants of consensus algorithms gives a huge impact on... more

The emergence of Blockchain have revolutionize the decentralization in distributed architecture. The advances in the consensus mechanism techniques and the development of different variants of consensus algorithms gives a huge impact on its progress. These technologies allow to have a distributed peer-to-peer network in which each external entity can be able to interact with other entities without any trusted intermediary in a verifiable manner. The existing consensus algorithms are mostly concerned with public blockchain having focused on public ledgers in general. The consortium blockchain is least focused as compared with other variants of blockchain (public and private) showing the need to address this vacuum. In this paper, we proposed a consensus algorithm named Rift for consortium blockchain which works on the principle of trust mechanism for achieving consensus in a blockchain. The consensus is achieved by distributed nodes in a consortium blockchain which were controlled by...

Risk insurance for disasters plays a relevant part in the implementation of risk reduction strategies during the pre-disaster phase. This is essential to support risk management towards decreasing the marginal risk allowing policy holders... more

Risk insurance for disasters plays a relevant part in the implementation of risk reduction strategies during the pre-disaster phase. This is essential to support risk management towards decreasing the marginal risk allowing policy holders to transfer risk to avoid considerable financial loads from the costs incurred during the recovery phase in a post-disaster phase. There is evidence that the introduction of an integrated risk insurance strategy for community resilience planning is still lacking. Thus, this undermines the possibility to have proper optimized holistic risk management; on the one hand this strengthens pre-disaster risk mitigation measures, mostly relying on mitigative infrastructural solutions, and on the other hand it better defines risk prevention strategies mostly connected to land planning and urban development. This paper will show how insurance markets can play a key role towards mitigating the economic consequences of natural and climate change disasters, and ...