Blood Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

This Document provide full details on blood spatter analysis. This document reveals information pertaining to the types of blood spatter which is a potential to be found at a crime scene which involved the spilling of blood. The reader of... more

This Document provide full details on blood spatter analysis. This document reveals information pertaining to the types of blood spatter which is a potential to be found at a crime scene which involved the spilling of blood. The reader of this document will also be educated on the rationale behind blood and blood spatter.

In Syria, there are two dominant scholarly opinions on ritual self-flagellation, which rest on different understandings of health and healing, and which form the topic of the first part of this chapter. The second examines miracle stories... more

In Syria, there are two dominant scholarly opinions on ritual self-flagellation, which rest on different understandings of health and healing, and which form the topic of the first part of this chapter. The second examines miracle stories and ritual practices, which are both symbolic and productive of healing and sustain the legitimacy of the shrine of Sayyida Zaynab. The chapter looks at how Twelver Shi'is in Syria prior to the Arab Spring responded to the ambiguities surrounding the female Shi'is saint Sayyida Zaynab. Proponents of self-flagellation draw on 'traditional' medicine and argue that self-flagellation derives from cupping and constitutes a miraculous healing practice. Donating blood focuses on the community-not on individual devotees and the question of sainthood. The transactional aspect of the relationship between saints and Shi'is is highlighted in the ritual of nidhr (making religious vows) and in the sponsorship of majalis 'aza'.

1. Acrolein Test 2. Test of Triglycerides 3. Test of cupric acetate for detecting fatty acids 4. Test for the Degree of Unsaturation of Fatty Acids (Iodine test) Zak test for cholesterol Salkowski test for cholesterol... more

1. Acrolein Test
2. Test of Triglycerides
3. Test of cupric acetate for detecting fatty acids
4. Test for the Degree of Unsaturation of Fatty Acids (Iodine test)
Zak test for cholesterol
Salkowski test for cholesterol
Liebermann–Burchard Test for Cholesterol

This article is about the creative ritual practices of a group of Spanish and Catalan pilgrims who visit French shrines dedicated to Saint Mary Magdalene. Raised and educated in Catholic families, these women describe themselves as... more

This article is about the creative ritual practices of a group of Spanish and Catalan pilgrims who visit French
shrines dedicated to Saint Mary Magdalene. Raised and educated in Catholic families, these women describe
themselves as being part of the worldwide Goddess movement and do not consider their theories and rituals to
be in conflict with Christian values. During their pilgrimages they celebrate rituals in shrines that they feel were
unjustly monopolized by the “Church”. The pilgrims see Mary Magdalene as the guardian of menstrual blood,
and advocate a “feminist reading” of Jesus’ message. They perform creative rituals to commune with “Mother
Earth” by offering Her their menstrual blood. The creative ritualization of menstruation allows the pilgrims to
reinterpret Catholic rituals thereby transforming negative concepts related to body and gender they have received
from their Catholic families. The pilgrims’ rituals of offering also foster an embodied relationship with the divine.
Analysing one particular menstrual ritual I will show how offering their blood to Mother Earth these women
literally turn upside down the central ritual of Christianity, the Eucharist. Through this strategy they manage to
ritually transform menstruation from a curse into a blessing and to elaborate new notions about their body and
sexuality. I will analyse these womens’ conceptualization of menstrual blood drawing on historical studies about
the meaning of menstruation in Christianity as well as anthropological studies about menstruation in traditional
as well as in Western societies. I will argue that proclaiming the sacrality of menstrual blood these women try
to repair a social order in which menstruation is still often associated with female subordination. With their rituals
these women aim to provoke not only a healing process on a personal level but also a shift of perception on
a social level.

The Turin Shroud was extensively scientifically investigated in 1978. In its pinkish red bloodstains, normal features of human blood were found, but also seemingly anomalous ones. In the present study, hitherto unnoticed details of the... more

The Turin Shroud was extensively scientifically investigated in 1978. In its pinkish red bloodstains, normal features of human blood were found, but also seemingly anomalous ones. In the present study, hitherto unnoticed details of the data are presented, Shroud data and more modern reference data are compared, and the results of a few experiments with linen, madder dye and blood are shown. It turns out that the Shroud’s ‘anomalous’ data are strong consistent evidence that its bloodstains contain acid heme-madder lake, of which the heme derived from cold acid postmortem blood and the madder had been applied to the Shroud at manufacture. It implies that the bloodstains were formed on the Shroud before the still not reproduced body-image was. Several other ‘red-color’ hypotheses for the Shroud’s bloodstains are discussed and dismissed.

En este trabajo se estudian tres capítulos de la cultura de los aborígenes de Canarias relacionados con la concepción de la sangre. Consisten en el especia-lista que trata la carne o el carnicero, los encargados de las tareas... more

En este trabajo se estudian tres capítulos de la cultura de los aborígenes de Canarias relacionados con la concepción de la sangre. Consisten en el especia-lista que trata la carne o el carnicero, los encargados de las tareas tanatoprácticas llamados por las fuentes los «embalsamadores» y algunos fenómenos periódicos en el mundo femenino como la menstruación y el parto. A ojos de los aborígenes canarios, tales actividades eran tenidas como «oficio vil» y, probablemente, tales ciclos bajo la cualidad de estar tabuados, con lo que eran objeto de procedimien-tos de aislamiento y ritos de limpieza. Para analizar tales cuestiones se emplean términos ampliamente discutidos como el concepto de tabú y contaminación, se profundiza en la simbología de la sangre y, finalmente tras un somero análisis de las fuentes canarias, se indican las consideraciones sobre el papel de la sangre derramada dentro de la comunidad aborigen vinculados a la concepción de im-pureza y a los preceptos rituales / In this paper we study three chapters in the Canarian aboriginal culture related to the conception of blood. These are about the specialist dealing with the flesh, the butcher, the people in charge of the tanatopractical tasks, also known by many sources as the embalmers, and some periodic phenomenons in the female's world as menstruation and labour. To the Canarian natives view, these activities were taken as evil ones, and the mentioned periodic phenomenons were taboo, therefore, the people related to them would be isolated or submitted to cleanliness rituals. The analysis of these questions, widely discussed concepts as

Abstract: The PrepFiler™ Forensic DNA Extraction Kit enables isolation of genomic DNA from a variety of biological samples. The kit facilitates reversible binding of DNA with magnetic particles resulting in high DNA recovery from samples... more

Abstract: The PrepFiler™ Forensic DNA Extraction Kit enables isolation of genomic DNA from a variety of biological samples. The kit facilitates reversible binding of DNA with magnetic particles resulting in high DNA recovery from samples with very low and high quantities of biological materials: 0.1 and 40 μL of human blood (donor 2) provided 14 and 2883 ng of DNA, respectively. Following the revised SWGDAM guidelines, performance of the developed method was investigated using different sample types including saliva on swabs, semen stains on cotton fabric, samples exposed to environment, samples with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors, blood stains (on denim, cotton cloth, and FTA® paper), and touch evidence-type samples. DNA yields for all samples tested were equal or better than those obtained by both phenol–chloroform extraction and commercial kits tested. DNA obtained from these samples was free of detectable PCR inhibitors. Short tandem repeat profiles were complete, conclusive, and devoid of PCR artifacts.

Born around the year 460 BC , Hippocrates is known as one of the most remarkable physicians of all times. The ancient Greek patients had several choices when they were severely ill. But many patients turn directly to the gods, typically... more

Born around the year 460 BC , Hippocrates is known as one of the most remarkable physicians of all times. The ancient Greek patients had several choices when they were severely ill. But many patients turn directly to the gods, typically Asclepius, the God of medicine. Many asclepieia (healing temples) were built and from the 5th century BC onwards, and people would come to the temples hoping for a cure or a dream containing some sort of a cure. Hippocrates insisted on medicine being practiced according to natural sciences and anatomy hence physical observations of symptoms and natural treatments. But the persistent notion of the woman inhabited by a "wandering womb", "an animal within an animal" and the coexistence of Goddesses unable to control their drives and their mind contributed to the idea that women were driven to madness for anatomical and mental reasons. But with the birth of a rationalized medicine, what would be the impact on the representation of the image of the Woman in the city-state and how would that translate into the medical field ?

The motive of "blood-brotherhood" - in the sense of an artifical personal relation created by the mutual consumption of the partner's blood - can frequently be found in ancient and medieval sources. Modern scholarship tended to read these... more

The motive of "blood-brotherhood" - in the sense of an artifical personal relation created by the mutual consumption of the partner's blood - can frequently be found in ancient and medieval sources. Modern scholarship tended to read these texts as witnesses of the existence of archaic customs and rituals. In this article I propose to interpret them rather as reflex of a curious motive that existed without discernible connection to "real" social practices: In our sources the ritual is nearly exclusively attributed to people with whom the author does not identify - while there is a total lack of "self-attributions" in which an author would claim the practice for his own society of culture.

Small diameter blood vessels Vascularized thick tissues Extrusion-based bioprinting Droplet-based bioprinting Laser-based bioprinting a b s t r a c t Bioprinting is a promising technology to fabricate design-specific tissue constructs due... more

Small diameter blood vessels Vascularized thick tissues Extrusion-based bioprinting Droplet-based bioprinting Laser-based bioprinting a b s t r a c t Bioprinting is a promising technology to fabricate design-specific tissue constructs due to its ability to create complex, heterocellular structures with anatomical precision. Bioprinting enables the deposition of various biologics including growth factors, cells, genes, neo-tissues and extra-cellular matrix-like hydrogels. Benefits of bioprinting have started to make a mark in the fields of tissue engineering, regen-erative medicine and pharmaceutics. Specifically, in the field of tissue engineering, the creation of vascu-larized tissue constructs has remained a principal challenge till date. However, given the myriad advantages over other biofabrication methods, it becomes organic to expect that bioprinting can provide a viable solution for the vascularization problem, and facilitate the clinical translation of tissue engineered constructs. This article provides a comprehensive account of bioprinting of vascular and vascular-ized tissue constructs. The review is structured as introducing the scope of bioprinting in tissue engineering applications, key vascular anatomical features and then a thorough coverage of 3D bioprint-ing using extrusion-, droplet-and laser-based bioprinting for fabrication of vascular tissue constructs. The review then provides the reader with the use of bioprinting for obtaining thick vascularized tissues using sacrificial bioink materials. Current challenges are discussed, a comparative evaluation of different bioprinting modalities is presented and future prospects are provided to the reader. Statement of Significance Biofabrication of living tissues and organs at the clinically-relevant volumes vitally depends on the integration of vascular network. Despite the great progress in traditional biofabrication approaches, building perfusable hierarchical vascular network is a major challenge. Bioprinting is an emerging technology to fabricate design-specific tissue constructs due to its ability to create complex, heterocellular structures with anatomical precision, which holds a great promise in fabrication of vascular or vascularized tissues for transplantation use. Although a great progress has recently been made on building perfusable tissues and branched vascular network, a comprehensive review on the state-of-the-art in vascular and vascu-larized tissue bioprinting has not reported so far. This contribution is thus significant because it discusses the use of three major bioprinting modalities in vascular tissue biofabrication for the first time in the literature and compares their strengths and limitations in details. Moreover, the use of scaffold-based and scaffold-free bioprinting is expounded within the domain of vascular tissue fabrication.

Untuk tetap hidup, setiap sel tubuh makhluk hidup dan hewan (vertebrata dan invertebrata) memerlukan zat-zat makanan. Selanjutnya sel-sel tubuh akan mengolah zat-zat makanan tersebut untuk keperluan setiap sel agar tetap dapat hidup dan... more

Untuk tetap hidup, setiap sel tubuh makhluk hidup dan hewan (vertebrata dan invertebrata) memerlukan zat-zat makanan. Selanjutnya sel-sel tubuh akan mengolah zat-zat makanan tersebut untuk keperluan setiap sel agar tetap dapat hidup dan menjalankan fungnsinya. Hasil samping reaksi-reaksi di dalam sel juga harus dikeluarkan agar tidak meracuni sel-sel tubuh. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu sistem peredaran darah yang dapat mengangkut dan mengedarkan zat-zat makanan, hormon atau zat-zat buangan tersebut. Sistem peredaran darah pada semua vertebrata, mulai dari ikan, katak, reptil, burung, hingga manusia, pada dasarnya sama. Semua memiliki jantung yang memompa darah ke dalam sistem pembuluh tertutup. Sistem peredaran darah vertebrata terdiri atas jantung, pembuluh darah, darah, limfa dan pembuluh impah. Darah merupakan cairn tubuh yang terdapat di dalam jantung dan pembuluh darah. 1.2 Rumusan masalah 1. Apa pengertian sistem peredaran darah dan fungsinya? 2. Apa komponen dari sistem peredaran darah? 3. Apa perbedaan sistem peredaran darah tertutup dan terbuka? 4. Bagaimanakah sistem peredaran darah pada hewan vertebrata? 1.3 Tujuan 1. Memahami sistem peredaran darah dan fungsinya. 2. Mengetahui komponen dari sistem peredaran darah. 3. Membedakan peredaran darah terbuka dan tertutup. 4. Memahami sistem peredarah darah pada hewan vertebrata.

In this review essay, I explore the relationship between cultures of circulation and anthropological facts. Research published in 2013 advanced the field by attending to the coproduction of globally circulating things (commodities, race,... more

In this review essay, I explore the relationship between cultures of circulation and anthropological facts. Research published in 2013 advanced the field by attending to the coproduction of globally circulating things (commodities, race, brands, authenticity, blood) and specific cultural landscapes. Building on the field’s renewed
interest in materiality, scholars showed how anthropological facts are produced at the intersection of interlocking cultural classification systems and a world that is heterogeneous and dynamic. Moving beyond the notion that shared meanings and categories are attached to or layered on people and things, this approach conceptualized such relations recursively. Scholars suggested that race—as an anthropological fact—becomes biological through social practice and, similarly, that cultural assumptions and political biases become environmental because they are embedded in our infrastructures and built landscapes. This approach permeates many of the articles reviewed and
links the clusters into which I have grouped them: “Value and Incommensurability,” “Brands and Authenticity,” “Race and Blood,” and “Infrastructure and Citizenship.” I conclude by discussing the challenges and opportunities for a sociocultural anthropology that recognizes the transformative power of global connection while refusing to give up its long-running pursuit of cultural wisdom and more humane social configurations.

this essay explores how blood becomes a juridical substance in the anti-miscegenation laws promulgated for the English in Ireland in the late medieval period. It uses this juridical moment to confound Foucault's erstwhile supersession of... more

this essay explores how blood becomes a juridical substance in the anti-miscegenation laws promulgated for the English in Ireland in the late medieval period. It uses this juridical moment to confound Foucault's erstwhile supersession of sex over blood.

Throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries reports of strange East European practices were brought back to England from returning soldiers and travelers. These reports told of the macabre practice of exhuming dead... more

The purpose of this study was to research to the differences of blood parameters between morning exercise and evening exercises. 12 participants, in younger adults aged 20 years, were recruited and their blood was taken four times, from... more

The purpose of this study was to research to the differences of blood parameters between morning exercise and evening exercises. 12 participants, in younger adults aged 20 years, were recruited and their blood was taken four times, from 8:00 to 9:00 (pre and post) for morning exercise and from 20:00 to 21:00 (pre and post) for evening exercise. The results found that leukocytes (WBC, NE and LY), erythrocytes (RBC, HGB, HCT, MCH and MCHC) and thrombocyte (PLT, MPV and PCT) show resulting differences (p<0.05) between the morning and evening exercises. Additionally, no significant differences were found in the other parameters in blood. In conclusion; Hematologic parameters display different behaviors exhibit acute exercise at different times of day. Leukocytes, erythrocytes and thrombocyte levels display different behaviors as exercises at morning and evening.

This paper deals with the history of the knowledge of the blood in the Middle Ages, a history made by theoretical reflections but also by attitudes, by approaches, even by diversified practices. It presents alternately the questions... more

This paper deals with the history of the knowledge of the blood in the Middle Ages, a history made by theoretical reflections but also by attitudes, by approaches, even by diversified practices. It presents alternately the questions connected to the nature of this vital fluid and to its formation in the body, but also its role in the etiology, by virtue of which an important part was confered to the blood in the medical semiology. Numerous doctors, for example, wondered about the kind of food able to generate the most profitable blood for the patient's health. But these speculations should not put in the shade the practical aspects of the history of the blood : we know for example that till the end of the Middle Ages, the flebotomy took an increasing place in the medical practice even in the everyday life, and we also know that this practice aroused conflicts of skills, even repositionings between two main types of practitioners, the doctors and the surgeons. At the end, this study shows that the riddles connected to the nature of the blood brought some people to take an increasing interest to alchemy.

Blackfoot people claim they have always resided in their defined traditional territory on the Northwestern Plains of North America since time began. Today their treaty reserves and reservation remain as fragments within that defined... more

Blackfoot people claim they have always resided in their defined traditional territory on the Northwestern Plains of North America since time began. Today their treaty reserves and reservation remain as fragments within that defined territory. When the primary Blackfoot subsistence economy of buffalo hunting vanished in the late 19th century, various efforts were made by Blackfoot chiefs and White recorders to document Blackfoot culture and oral stories, many of which described the creation of the Blackfoot people and their traditional landscape. Various academic opinions subsequently emerged about these traditional stories to interpret how the Blackfoot came to be where they are. This essay reexamines those recorded traditional oral stories, subsequent academic opinions and collateral research.

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are rapidly evolving group of beta-lactamase enzymes produced by the Gram negative bacteria. These enzymes have been derived from TEM and SHV genes by mutations and have been well described in... more

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are rapidly evolving group of beta-lactamase enzymes produced by the Gram negative bacteria. These enzymes have been derived from TEM and SHV genes by mutations and have been well described in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Information on molecular types of ESBL positive Klebsiella sp. is lacking from India. We therefore undertook this study to look for the TEM and SHV genes in ESBL positive Klebsiella sp. isolated from the patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in north India. A total of 204 multidrug-resistant isolates of Klebsiellae obtained from clinical samples; blood (n=108), urine (n=15), pus (n=2) and sputum (n=79) were obtained and screened for resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins (3GC). The ESBL status was determined by double disk diffusion test (DDDT) and further by ESBL E-test. Multiplex PCR specific for TEM and SHV genes was performed to distinguish four different genotypes: TEM-positive, SHV-positive, TEM- and SHV-positi...

Blood in healthy organisms is seen as a 'sterile' environment: it lacks proliferating microbes. Dormant or not-immediately-culturable forms are not absent, however, as intracellular dormancy is well established. We highlight here... more

Blood in healthy organisms is seen as a 'sterile' environment: it lacks proliferating microbes. Dormant or not-immediately-culturable forms are not absent, however, as intracellular dormancy is well established. We highlight here that a great many pathogens can survive in blood and inside erythrocytes. 'Non-culturability', reflected by discrepancies between plate counts and total counts, is commonplace in environmental microbiology. It is overcome by improved culturing methods, and we asked how common this would be in blood. A number of recent, sequence-based and ultramicroscopic studies have uncovered an authentic blood microbiome in a number of non-communicable diseases. The chief origin of these microbes is the gut microbiome (especially when it shifts composition to a pathogenic state, known as 'dysbiosis'). Another source is microbes translocated from the oral cavity. 'Dysbiosis' is also used to describe translocation of cells into blood or other...

The impact of physical and chemical modifications of nanoparticles on their biological function has been systemically investigated and exploited to improve their circulation and targeting. However, the impact of nanoparticle flexibility... more

The impact of physical and chemical modifications of nanoparticles on their biological function has been systemically investigated and exploited to improve their circulation and targeting. However, the impact of nanoparticle flexibility (i.e. elastic modulus) on their function has been explored to a far lesser extent, and the potential benefits of tuning nanoparticle elasticity are not clear. Here, we describe a method to synthesize polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based hydrogel nanoparticles of uniform size (200 nm) with elastic moduli ranging from 0.255 kPa to 3000 kPa. These particles are used to investigate the role of particle elasticity on key functions including blood circulation time, biodistribution, antibody-mediated targeting, endocytosis and phagocytosis. Our results demonstrate that softer nanoparticles (10 kPa) offer enhanced circulation and subsequently enhanced targeting compared to harder nanoparticles (3000 kPa) in vivo. Furthermore, in vitro experiments show that softer...