Borders and Borderlands Research Papers (original) (raw)

This article focuses on Russian Novoselitsa, a small town on the Russian-Austro-Hungarian-Romanian border, which served as the sole border crossing between Russian Bessarabia and Austrian Bukovina. As of 1893, it was also an important railway junction between the two empires. Based on diplomatic documents from the Austrian State Archives, the article discusses the situation of various ethno-religious communities in the region, including the Bessarabian Romanians, the Jews, the Russian Old Believers and the Ukrainians. It also examines the activity of the Austro-Hungarian Consular Office in Russian Novoselitsa (1869-1914). The authors analyze, in particular, the attitude of the diplomatic agents towards the contemporary political, social and national trends, as well as their tackling of and involvement in informal practices, cases of corruption and espionage at the border. The article reveals interesting aspects of transborder nationalist, revolutionary and religious movements, especially the smuggling of literature and the border crossing of various activists. The Novoselitsa case epitomizes the fundamental difference between the supranational Habsburg Empire and the nationalizing Romanov Empire, but also highlights the similarities between the two regimes. It illustrates the notions of shatterzone of empires and thick borders: Novoselitsa was at the same time a periphery with regard to Vienna and St-Petersburg and a relatively autonomous space, with its own agency, which expanded much beyond the border itself on both sides of the frontier. The cases of corruption and espionage are especially revealing for the uncertainty and confusion specific for the borderlands, which reigned as much at the centre as on the periphery. This case study is also interesting from the perspective of everyday life, emphasizing the peculiarities of the Russian and Austro- Hungarian monarchies, as well as the entanglements between the two entities.

- by and +1
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- Romanian History, Border Studies, Bukovina, Ukrainian History

The article is aimed at identifying the existing link between the media
and the predominant narrative on migration and asylum in the construction of public belief and the elaboration of various governing processes concerning migration and asylum, by carrying out a comparative multilevel analysis of public discourses launched
by the political leaders in different Member States and by the representatives of EU institutions during the current refugee/migration crisis begun in 2015. We believe that by undertaking a multilevel comparative critical discourse analysis concerning the current
migration crisis, we could better comprehend the elaborated policy actions and governing processes both at intergovernmental and supranational level.

In Sikkim, India’s model development state, the government
implements wide-ranging control over its territory through laws,
regulations, and coercion. As a border town neighboring West
Bengal, Jorethang is a zone of transgression that blurs urban and
rural space, migrant and citizen subjects, and licit and illicit
activities. In this paper, we use a walking ethnography of
Jorethang town and border crossings to make three arguments.
First, as Jorethang has grown the Government of Sikkim has
effectively abdicated enforcing the spatial order it enforces
elsewhere in Sikkim, enabling Jorethang to be ruled—in effect—
by commercial interests. Second, Jorethang’s growth has been
fueled by migrants drawn to work on infrastructure projects, in
private construction, and in illicit cross-border trade. This is an
alternative story of urban growth in a rapidly urbanizing border
state and is in contrast to the highly planned urban development
evident in other parts of Sikkim. Third, Jorethang offers a glimpse
of the bifurcated urban future of the eastern Himalayas. While
model modernity is manifest in showpiece urban areas such as
Namchi and Gangtok, border towns like Jorethang have become
zones to supply, service, and profit from model modernity without
being bound by its rules. Through these arguments we identify
the internal border between Sikkim and West Bengal as a crucial
division between different spatial orders, between the model
development state of Sikkim and the imploding tracts of adjacent
West Bengal. In Jorethang these orders merge bridging the
orderly and disorderly and providing opportunities for
development through delinquency.

- by Duncan A . McDuie-Ra and +1
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- Development Studies, Himalayan culture, Anthropology of Tibet and the Himalayas, Northeast India

The city of Rijeka/Fiume underwent an array of transitions in the long twentieth
century, from the port of Hungary in the Dual Monarchy to a free
city, to D´Annunzio´s Italian Regency of Carnaro, annexation by Italy, incorporation
into Yugoslavia, and eventually the independence of Croatia. The
article examines the processes of urban reconstruction and architectural reconfigurations
in the city as “frontier urbanism”, building on Wendy Pullan’s
(2011) discussion of how various actors employ architectural and place-making
practices to secure the state in contested urban space. The article traces
Rijeka/Fiume´s urban development as a window of fixating state identities
in the built environment throughout the century, focusing on the aftermath
of the Second World War. It examines the urban transformations of the city
as the demographic landscape was reshaped after the departure of the local
Italian-speaking majority and the arrival of workers from various parts of
Yugoslavia, but also from Italy. By analysing decisions to rebuild or not
buildings damaged by war, as well as the demolition of the 1943-built votive
temple in Mlaka, the article inquires how reconstruction and urban planning
became avenues to secure the state at its new frontiers.

Local consequences of the Trianon Peace Treaty have not been researched thoroughly. This study describes the everyday life of rural people on both sides of the Eastern part of the new border between Hungary and Czechoslovakia. Based on research in Hungarian and Czech archives and with the help of newspaper articles, the author illustrates the difficulties of re-establishing the old familial and economic ties between villages that were separated by the border. Many activities of the borderland people were illegal. The paper discusses how authorities responded to these offences. Besides long and small distance traffic and the problems of dual landowners, illegal crossing, contraband, and border incidents are also part of the analysis. Contrary to all hardships, the border remained permeable in the interwar period.

- by Péter Bencsik
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- Border Studies, History of Hungary, Smuggling, Borders and Borderlands

As India successfully positions itself as one of the core, influential nations of the world, its security scenario has become more vulnerable and complex. The roots of India's security challenges lie not only at the regional and international levels but also from within. These threats can be dealt with by securing the borders efficiently. However, the borders of India and their associated problems, geographical, social and cultural, are vivid and varied. Each border receives a different kind of treatment in accordance with the existing mutual relationship across the border. If the border people cannot connect with the country's mainstream, national security is affected. Indian policymakers face a hard challenge to formulate an integrated policy for borderlands and borders. While there are many common cross-border issues, chiefly non-security threats, there are other cross-border issues which are border specific. Besides, soft approaches to economic and cultural cross-border interactions are beneficial. The border security approach focuses on defending the borders from various threats but the border management approach involves protecting the interests of the country across the border.

- by Dr. Shreesh K Pathak
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- History, Modern History, International Relations, Border Studies

This book aims to address ‘boat migration’ with a holistic approach. The different chapters consider the multiple facets of the phenomenon and the complex challenges they pose, bringing together knowledge from several disciplines and regions of the world within a single collection. Together, they provide an integrated picture of transnational movements of people by sea with a view to making a decisive contribution to our understanding of current trends and future perspectives and their treatment from legal-doctrinal, legal-theoretical, and non-legal angles. The final goal is to unpack the tension that exists between security concerns and individual rights in this context and identify tools and strategies to adequately manage its various components, garnering an inter-regional / multi-disciplinary dialogue, including input from international law, law of the sea, maritime security, migration and refugee studies, and human rights, to address the position of ‘migrants at sea’ thoroughly.

- by Violeta Moreno-Lax
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- European Law, Human Rights Law, International Law, Human Rights

Ceuta y Melilla, las ciudades fronterizas de la Unión Europea en África, pueden ser definidas como territorios de excepción. Fundamentalmente por dos motivos. El primero: el estatus jurídico-político diferenciado que la arquitectura institucional española y comunitaria les reserva. Y el segundo: las particularidades de la política de control migratorio/fronterizo allí implementada. Ceuta y Melilla no están constituidas en Comunidades Autónomas. No forman parte del espacio aduanero de la Unión Europea, el Tratado de Schengen se despliega sobre ellas con notables singularidades y, formalmente, se hallan fuera del paraguas de protección de la OTAN.
Enmarañado con las reivindicaciones territoriales de Marruecos, este estatus jurídico-político especial convierte a Ceuta y a Melilla en claras «excepciones de Estado». En este caldo de cultivo, en torno a las vallas que separan a ambas ciudades del resto de África opera un régimen de movilidad acrobático. Con harta frecuencia el régimen fronterizo de Ceuta y Melilla se muestra incompatible con el respeto a los derechos humanos y a la integridad física de los migrantes, conformando un «estado de excepción» de facto en materia de control migratorio.

- by Lorenzo Gabrielli
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- Border Studies, Border Policy, Migration Studies, Anthropology of Borders

Tristano Matta Direttore responsabile: Diego D'Amelio Redattore: Fabio Todero Direzione, redazione e amministrazione: Istituto regionale per la storia del movimento di liberazione nel Friuli Venezia Giulia Salita di Gretta 38, 34136 Trieste -tel./fax 04044004 http://www.irsml.eu qualestoria@irsml.eu La rivista non si intende impegnata dalle interpretazioni e vedute espresse da articoli e note fi rmati o siglati. Non si restituiscono i manoscritti anche se pubblicati. È vietato riprodurre in tutto o in parte gli articoli senza citarne la fonte.

This short essay explores the meaning of crossing borders in contemporary times. Borders are proliferating at a rapid rate, and paradoxically they are also being eroded at a rapid rate. This essay claims that this 'making and unmaking of borders' has a profound social impact, and is a central concern in our personal lives and in wider societal and political realms. The making and unmaking of borders produces fear, anxiety, security, liberation and emancipation depending on where you are in relation to the border. Dr Western explores borders utilising a psycho-social lens, revealing how we constantly have to cross and navigate borders, in the 'real world', digital and virtual world, and in our emotional worlds.

- by Simon Western
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- Business, Organizational Behavior, Management, Sociology
- by Aditya Sarkar
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- Border Studies, Migration Studies, Borderlands Studies, Regional Integration

El presente trabajo tratará de abordar el tema del Spanglish en los Estados Unidos de América desde una perspectiva, principalmente, lingüística. El propósito que se ha intentado seguir ha sido revisar la bibliografía esencial para poder comprender los procesos y recursos lingüísticos que definen a esta variante del español. También, lo es fundamentar si dichos procesos o fenómenos se adecuan con la realidad con el fin posterior de clasificar diferentes palabras, locuciones adverbiales, etc., extraídas de varias obras reales, bajo la etiqueta Spanglish, dentro de un corpus real para probar su fiabilidad.

- by Cristian Tugues Rodríguez
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- Chicano Studies, Spanglish, Mestizaje, Espanglish

"Guavas for Dummies, American Jíbaras, & Postnational Autonomy: When I Was Puerto Rican in the Hemispheric Turn" (2019) re-engages this text after I taught it in Puerto Rico four years. In this 2009 essay, Santiago’s memoir is said to bridge U.S. and Caribbean lit. WIWPR begins with a remembered Puerto Rico, and ends in the author’s adulthood in the USA. Studying Santiago’s text within a trajectory of immigrant narratives familiarizes the text to readers who are often processing their own entries into the US / its cultural orbit. This essay examines Santiago’s representation of jibaros, a subculture whose place in in Puerto Rico parallels the conflicted relationship many Jamaicans have with Rastafarians. Also, the theme of “Translating and Resisting Imperialism” is developed through a close reading of the chapter “The American Invasion of MacÚn.” Santiago’s treatment of gender roles in her family is also explored.

- by Gregory Stephens
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- American Literature, American History, Cultural Studies, Latin American Studies

This book is a revised and enlarged version of my former book. It is mainly a social-economic history of the borderland regions of Kars, Ardahan and Artvin under Russian rule from 1878 to 1918. Based on Ottoman, Russian, Georgian and Armenian archival sources, the study analyzes Russian administrative, political, demographic and economic policies in the region and their results during this period. After being on the periphery of Ottoman and Russian empires, these three provinces became part of modern Turkey. The book also includes an analysis of the impact of WWI on the region, especially on the civiian population. It sheds new light on the operations of the Ottoman Special Organization as well.

- by Candan Badem
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- Russian History, Borderlands Studies, South Caucasus, Kars and Ardahan

Commissioned by Seth Offenbach (Bronx Community College, The City University of New York) Borderlands and cross-border activities keep attracting historians who are interested in the (trans)formation of empires, nation-states, and ethnicities. In the last three years in English-language academia, several newly published books focus on the northeast corner of the Eurasian continent, a "bordered land" where influences of multiple empires and modern states (China, Russia,

- by Nianshen Song
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- Korean Studies, Borders and Borderlands
- by Nianshen Song
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- Historical Geography, Cartography, Korean Studies, Borders and Borderlands
- by Amanda Hammar and +1
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- Religion, Migration, Gender, Culture

ABSTRACT Border studies posit that twin cities represent aspirations to proactively and deliberately become one entity resulting in fundamental changes to the social, economic and political identity of the two communities involved. While some twin cities in the EU and between EU and Russia do follow this pattern, this is not the case in the Russian Far East. The cities of Blagoveshchensk (Russia) and Heihe (China) claim to be twin cities even though they have deliberately confined their twinning activities to trade and tourism and specifically excluded any change that may involve administrative boundaries or national security. Based on interviews and examination of public documents and relevant studies, we argue that the case of Blago and Heihe can be characterized as ersatz in the sense that their city twinning effort is deliberately compartmentalized. We argue that this approach is the local officials’ response to obstacles generated by nationalism, history, vast divergence in economic trajectory and population trends, and close scrutiny by respective national governments. In spite of these, the two cities regard twinning as a valuable marketing tool and have progressively, though asymmetrically, adopted this brand. We further argue that pursuing the rhetoric of city-twinning allows the officials to advance claims to opportunities in trade and tourism and potential access to additional national resources without tackling the difficult questions of more comprehensive cross-border interactions.

- by Chung-Tong Wu
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- Sociology, Border Studies, Political Science, China

La zone frontalière dans la tourmente · L’accession à l’indépendance du Soudan du Sud en 2011 n’a pas mis un terme au plus vieux conflit africain. Au contraire, la rébellion contre Khartoum a repris dans les États soudanais du Kordofan du Sud et du Nil Bleu, avant de s’étendre à la frontière entre les deux Soudan. Une instabilité qui risque de s’accroître avec la dissidence qui s’est développée dans le Soudan du Sud contre le président Salva Kiir, menée par l’ancien vice-président Riek Machar.

in: 1943: China at the Crossroads (Cornell East Asia Series, 2015)

- by Judd Kinzley
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- Soviet History, Cold War, Xinjiang, China

Book review: Nationalism in Central Asia: a biography of the Uzbekistan-Kyrgyzstan boundary, by Nick Megoran, Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh University Press, 2017, 368 pp., $29.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-0822964421

- by Russell Zanca
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- History, Border Studies, Central Asian Studies, Central Asia

Den 25 januari 1744 lämnade Annika Åqvist sin välbeställda rusthållargård i Roslagen för att ta sig till Hamburg och förena sig med sin make Olof. 1 Ett drygt halvår tidigare hade Olof hastigt tvingats lämna landet misstänkt för att ha uppmanat sina sockenmän att ansluta sig till dalupproret. Hans flykt misstänkliggjorde även Annika och hon utgav sig därför under sin resa för att vara änka och försökte hålla sitt mål hemligt. I Helsingborg blev dock myndigheterna misstänksamma, och Annika arresterades. Under den följande rättegången skärskådade rådhusrätten Annikas inblandning i hennes makes förehavanden, men inte nog med det: rättsprotokollen visar hur magistraten i Helsingborg granskade Annikas resande i stort, och de ansträngde sig för att utreda Annikas samtliga kontakter och handlingar. 2 I föreliggande artikel analyserar jag den tidigmoderna svenska statens misstänkliggörande av Annikas resande och rörlighet. Utifrån en enskild fallstudie undersöker jag hur lokala överheter formulerade migranten som ett säkerhetsproblem, och diskuterar vilket hot Annika utgjorde mot magistraten och 1. Artikeln ingår i projektet "Baltic Hospitality" finansierat av Östersjöstiftelsen, vid Södertörns högskola.

- by Sari Nauman
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- Early Modern History, Gender History, Secrecy, Securitization
- by Violeta Moreno-Lax
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- European Studies, Criminal Law, Criminal Justice, European Law
- by Said Saddiki
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- Borders and Borderlands, Ceuta and Melilla, Border Fencing

Although, the Sahara Wall was built, at first, in a specific context and for a specific goal, today it reflects multidimensional aspects of a long-term conflict –the Western Sahara issue that still threatens the stability of the Maghreb region. The future of the Sahara Wall is closely related to the original issue itself which needs a negotiated, realistic and equitable solution due to its complex dimensions.

- by Said Saddiki
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- Border Studies, Borders and Frontiers, Walls, Western Sahara

While media and scholarly attention on the ‘clandestinity’ of migrants is commonplace, and while ‘visibility’ and ‘invisibility’ feature prominently in the vocabulary of migration scholars, it seems researchers rarely interrogate borders and migration from the angle of sociologies, anthropologies and geographies of secrecy. We use the analytics of secrecy when we debate the covert activities of spies, diplomats, bankers, conspirators, not to mention the transgressive acts of whistleblowers, but arguably less so when we theorize migration control. In this essay I want to explore some connections between the politics of secrecy and the politics of migration control. My main argument is that it is fruitful to bring theoretical and empirical reflections on secrecy into the debate about borders and migration. I call this the secretization of migration.

- by William Walters
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- Critical Geopolitics, Visual Culture, Immigration, Security Studies

In the face of the ‘refugee crisis’, many European governments, even in traditionally liberal states, unilaterally introduced a number of restrictive and, often, controversial migration, asylum, and border control policies. The author argues that past legal-bureaucratic choices on migration and asylum policies, ongoing developments in international relations at that time, the structural and perceived capacity of receiving states to cope with the refugee influx, and long-standing migration-related security concerns influenced the responses of many European governments amid the mass population movement. However, the author also suggests that the surfacing of particular policies across Europe was related to the newly elected Greek government’s attempted U-turn from similar repressive and controversial policies during that time. In this regard, the author maintains that repressive and controversial migration, asylum, and border control policies cannot simply be abolished within the cont...

- by Dimitris Skleparis
- •
- Border Studies, Migration, Irregular Migration, European Union

Taking Documenta 14 as a case study, and especially the demands towards this institution presented in the Artists against Evictions letter of April 2017 (eflux), the chapter focuses on the intricate ideological conflicts defining the Athenian art field. The focus is on the unwitting reproduction of a territorial ideology resting on claiming a 'we' and naming its inevitable 'guests', even where it is least expected, i.e. in the radical, anti-border constituencies and politics of an urban fabric undone by, and yet resistive to, capital and its neo-colonial practices. The analysis focuses on the contradictions embedded in the reconstruction of 'we' when the issue is the political legitimacy of an end of borders and the national-proprietary complex. Reference: Chapter in Kataryna Botanova and Christos Chryssopoulos, eds, CULTURESCAPES Greece / Griechenland - Archaeology of the Future / Archäologie der Zukunft, Basel 2017. PENULTIMATE VERSION, WITH OCCASIONAL TYPOS. Publisher's site: http://www.merianverlag.ch/de/publikationen.html?productDetail=f1c04796-8e6e-49c3-a41f-206a1f3450b6

- by Angela Dimitrakaki
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- Art Theory, Contemporary Art, Nationalism, Marxist theory

Forced migration is a global issue.
About 34 million of the world's inhabitants were identified in 2010 by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees as either refugees, internally displaced persons, asylum seekers or stateless people. Systematic inquiries are urgently needed to understand and improve the circumstances in which these people live, and to guide national and international policies and programs.
However, there are many ethical complications in conducting research with uprooted people, who have often been exposed to persecution and marginalisation in conflict situations, refugee camps, immigration detention settings, and following resettlement. This book brings together for the first time key scholars across a range of disciplines including anthropology, bioethics, public health, criminology, psychology, socio-linguistics, philosophy, psychiatry, social policy and social work to discuss the ethical dimensions, challenges and tensions of such research.
It encompasses the theoretical, conceptual, practical, and applied aspects of research ethics, while integrating different disciplinary perspectives. It is intended as a resource not only for researchers, students and practitioners but also for those conducting cross-cultural research more broadly. Many of its arguments, examples and concerns are pertinent to research with other vulnerable or marginalised populations.

- by Hariz Halilovich
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- Religion, Refugee Studies, Migration, Gender

The process of accession of the immigrant population has passed of form parallel to the creation of his own associations. This fact can be considered in a beginning one more step in the configuration of a multicultural model, but also he presents an intercultural component in power, across spaces of interaction this one can turn into a reality. The present study shows intercultural spaces in neighborhoods that have been protagonists of the social and demographic change, who have implied the entry of an important number of foreign population. It is a question of socially vulnerable spaces, in ∗ Universidad de las Islas Baleares y sociologo del Proyecto de Desarrollo Comunitario del Ayuntamiento de Palma (Islas

- by Carlos Vecina Merchante
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- Religion, Community Engagement & Participation, Migration, Gender
- by Alize Arıcan
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- Legal Anthropology, Kurdish Studies, Turkey, STS (Anthropology)
- by Veit Schwab
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- Anthropology, International Relations, Ethnography, Border Studies

Traditional gang activity has ranged from defending neighborhood turf, graffiti, and the occasional street fight. However, in the last several years law enforcement has perceived gangs as complex criminal organizations with transnational ties. This study explores the activities of perceived transnational gangs in the United States along the Texas/Mexico border. Data was collected in survey form from local and county enforcement agencies. Results are exploratory in nature. Findings produced in this study have indicates that transnational gangs are active and there is a genuine perceived concerned by law enforcement agencies.

Offers a fundamental model of intersectionality, and applies it to complex consciousness. Class in an abstract sense is the relationship through which labor is mobilized into specific relations of production, But the means through which such labor is categorized and mobilized is historically diverse, and includes nationality/citizenship, race, gender, class in a more superficial sense, and so forth. Thus, class in the setting of the U.S. southwest is enacted through race (Mexican/Anglo) and more recently nationality/immigration status (citizenship). This helps to understand empirical material that borderlanders (most but not all U.S.-side in origin) tend to merge their class understandings of the border into a discourse of labor and poverty being Mexican (as previously documented by Pablo Vila). Yet they do have some penetrations of deep class processes. The notion of a simultaneous view of abstract labor mobilization (abstract class) and empirical, social organization of such labor (surface inequalities) thus enriches the study of intersectionality and consciousness.

- by Josiah Heyman
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- Latino/A Studies, Marxism, Border Studies, Class

In this article, we explore the wraparound approach of service delivery as a model for transnational social work. The wraparound model, used primarily within community-based children's mental health services and child protection initiatives, has been effective when planning services for clients and their families with complicated needs, whose care has to be provided within a multiple provider context. Most social work is delivered nationally or internationally rather than transnationally. In the article we outline how the model could be structured to meet the particular needs of transmigrants, including the involvement of NGOs and INGOs, and identify key obstacles and limitations.

- by Rich Furman
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- Religion, Sociology, Human Geography, Criminal Law

The Syrian conflict has transformed the economy of Jordan’s northern border region. The changes have been painfully felt in Ramtha, 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) away from the Syrian city of Daraa. Ramtha was a prime destination for Syrian goods imported formally or informally. Petty cross-border trade, especially informal trade, was not only the basis of the city’s economy but also the foundation of an implicit contract between the authorities and locals. The state allowed such trade because it supplemented local revenues, enhancing social stability. This saved the state from investing resources that would have been needed to create jobs. By undermining this understanding, the Syrian conflict provoked growing local discontent.

- by Armenak Tokmajyan
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- Middle East Studies, Protest, Border Crossing, Syria

This article draws on a unique dataset of more than eleven hundred postdeportation surveys to examine migrants' experiences with coyotes (human smugglers) along the U.S.-Mexico border. Our focus is on migrants' satisfaction with the services provided by their most recent smuggler and whether they would be willing to put family or friends in contact with that person. We find a distinct difference between people's expectations for their own migratory experience compared to what they would be willing to subject loved ones to. expectations of comfort and safety are decidedly low for oneself; but for loved ones, a more expressive, qualitative assessment shapes their willingness to recommend a coyote: qualities such as trustworthiness, honesty, comportment, and treatment come to the fore. News coverage focusing on the deaths of smuggled migrants often portrays coyotes as nefarious and exploitative, but the migrant-smuggler relationship is much more complex than suggested by th...

- by DANIEL MARTINEZ
- •
- Sociology, Political Sociology, Geography, Human Geography

The following paper is based on the concept of literature and mediality of memory (Astrid Erll) which deals with the function of literary texts in creating and maintaining collective memory. Using these methodological incentives, it focuses on the determination and characterization of ways in which Czech literary works co-create and preserve the memory of the 20 th century Hlučín Region, as well as, vice versa, the ways involved in suppressing some layers of memory and oblivion. The area described is selected, inter alia, because of its discontinuous and multi-layered memory influenced by geopolitical changes in Central Europe. The study thus provides a more detailed view of how artistic literature, as a medium of collective memory, can function within the phenomena of the so-called abused memory and memory work (Paul Ricoeur).