Darija Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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- Literacy, Arabic Language and Linguistics, Moroccan Studies, Language Ideology

Darija - a lingua-franca- is developing in Morocco. This paper explores what Darija is in the political and social context in Morocco, what it threatens, and what role it plays. This essay is simply a research process and should be... more

a research paper based on interviews based in Meknes, Morocco. the problematic of the research was to discover the effective uses of Marrocan,Arab and French in Morocco , involving in this research different strata of the Maroccan society... more

What is Moroccan literature, where and when does it happen, and in what languages? In this essay, we tackle these questions by tracing the evolution of the definition of "Moroccan literature" from the first half of the twentieth century until the present. The earliest works of Moroccan literary historiography, such as ʿAbd Allah Kannūn's al-Nubūgh al-maghribī fī al-adab al-ʿarabī (1937), situated Moroccan literature within the Arabic literary tradition and treated Moroccan literature as an important element in the "Arab-Islamic" identity promoted by the Moroccan nationalist movement. Since Moroccan independence in 1956, this definition of Moroccan literature has come under increasing pressure, as the languages and imaginative geographies of Moroccan literature have expanded to include new voices. In what follows, we consider these debates through a survey of a diverse corpus of literary-historical works that throw into question the linguistic, temporal, and spatial borders of Moroccan literature (and of Morocco itself).

- by Eric Calderwood and +1
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- Arabic Literature, Nationalism, Francophone Literature, Morocco

L’une des principales originalités et principaux apports de cet ouvrage est de comparer deux enquêtes faites dans des conditions à peu près similaires à sept années d’intervalles (entre 2002-2003 pour la première et 2009-2012 pour la deuxième) à un moment où le Maroc a connu d’importants changements sociolinguistiques et politiques concernant notamment la place et la valorisation des langues vernaculaires (amazighe et arabe marocain). L’introduction de cet ouvrage offre une présentation synthétique de ces problématiques en rappelant les méandres des réformes éducatives, les réformes constitutionnelles récentes et les mobilisations de la mouvance amazighe.

- by Jan Jaap de Ruiter and +1
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- French language, Morocco, Modern Standard Arabic, Berber Languages

Darija (Moroccan Arabic) has gained a new role in the last ten years in Morocco, reaching openly the public square and playing a novel part in the linguistic market. For decades it was relegated (in reality or in the public discourse?) to the sphere of illiteracy, backwardness, incompatibility with education or modernity. And suddenly, at the turn of this century, its image started to change and, moreover, overcoming the linguistic ideologies, people started making use of it in public spheres where it didn’t have any place before, and especially in a new written form.
From 2005-2006, it was used in advertising (oral and written), in radio and TV programmes (Miller 2013 etc), in the press (Nichane, voir benitez et al.), on msn and then on facebook for short exchanges (from 2009), and more recently (after 2011) in longer pieces, including blogging, slamming and posting longer texts on facebook.

- by Dominique Caubet
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- New Media, Moroccan Studies, Morocco, Moroccan Arabic

ABSTRACT This article aims to conceptualize the interplay between sarcasm, scatology and writing in Darija (Moroccan Arabic or Al-Maghribia) on the web in a post-uprising era. It focuses on the new Darijophone prose that emerged after 20 February 2011 protests in Goud and The New (ﺯﺣﻴﻠﻴﻜﺮ The New Bumpkin). Originating with absurdist February 20 movement founder member, Mohammed Sokrat, this writing genre is realist, vulgar, profane, taboo-breaking, and borrows from the toilet space to poke fun at the schizophrenia, herd mentality and populism that attend a modernizing society under a neoliberal regime. A vocabulary of trash, waste, ﬁlthy social types and risqué gags has informed a unique online minoritarian prose that is unpopular, yet widely read. This article studies the virtual politics and poetics of dirt and laughter in written Darija. Writing at the interstices of commitment and co-optation, this subcultural mode of knowledge production reveals Moroccan youth’s heretofore suppressed yet incessant longing for change in a post-uprising context of disillusionment.

Resumen: La realidad lingüística de la LA (lengua árabe) pone en evidencia la convivencia simultánea de, al menos, dos variedades. La competencia en los dos registros similar a la de un nativo (digamos C1) sería la prueba indiscutible para acreditar un dominio en árabe. En el contexto español, la enseñanza de la LA implica necesariamente la enseñanza del marroquí o dariya. Además, el uso del árabe marroquí se expande a campos que antes le estaban restringidos. Uno de los desafíos más acuciantes que se plantea en el ámbito de la enseñanza del dariya es la elaboración de materiales. Para garantizar el éxito de la empresa, es ineludible acometerla siguiendo las directrices de los presupuestos actuales en el ámbito de segundas lenguas. Palabras clave: Enseñanza del árabe como lengua extranjera (EALE), Enfoque integrado, Árabe marroquí. Abstract: «Arabic for all. The challenge of developing materials for teaching Moroccan Arabic». A linguistic approach to the Arabic language demonstrates that at least two simultaneous varieties coexist. More and more, proving proficiency in Arabic requires competence in both registers. In the Spanish context, the teaching of Arabic language should necessarily mean the teaching of Moroccan Arabic or Darija. Besides, Moroccan Arabic is spreading its use to fields that were previously ¨forbidden". One of the current challenges is the development of materials for teaching darija. To ensure success, it is important to follow the guidelines of current research in the field of L2.

- by Elias Muhanna
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- Ethnomusicology, Morocco, Morocco. Culture, Darija

Various social and political factors determine language status and vitality. These factors are fluid and change over time, making status harder to measure. However, through an overview of the recent political and educational history, and current events in Morocco, I chart the status changes of Darija (Moroccan Arabic) and Tamazight (Berber) using the UNESCO language vitality framework. The results show that Tamazight is shifting in its respective status and vitality. In contrast, Darija, while maintaining linguistic vitality demographically and historically, lacks institutional support. This lack of institutional support has implications for key vitality factors and stems from its subordinate place in relation to Standard Arabic. Tamazight, after the recent history of marginalization, is beginning to enjoy increased institutional support. The result is an increase in Tamazight broadcasting and textbooks as well as the appointment of an Amazigh Prime Minister. However, despite this support, Tamazight is still in a demographic decline, and it remains to be seen whether government interventions will slow or reverse this language shift.

- by Aaron J Graybill
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- Morocco, Language Policy, Tamazight, Darija

Pronouns in Modern Standard Arabic and Moroccan Darija

Deliver entertaining....
relevant, and thought-provoking science content....
that feeds the mind and fuels the imagination....
All in Darija....

- by Farouk Elmerrakchi
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- Darija
- by Karima Ziamari
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- Arabic Sociolinguistics, Moroccan Arabic, Darija

What is Moroccan literature, where and when does it happen, and in what languages? In this essay, we tackle these questions by tracing the evolution of the definition of “Moroccan literature” from the first half of the twentieth century until the present. The earliest works of Moroccan literary historiography, such as ʿAbd Allah Kannūn’s al-Nubūgh al-maghribī fī al-adab al-ʿarabī (1937), situated Moroccan literature within the Arabic literary tradition and treated Moroccan literature as an important element in the “Arab-Islamic” identity promoted by the Moroccan nationalist movement. Since Moroccan independence in 1956, this definition of Moroccan literature has come under increasing pressure, as the languages and imaginative geographies of Moroccan literature have expanded to include new voices. In what follows, we consider these debates through a survey of a diverse corpus of literary-historical works that throw into question the linguistic, temporal, and spatial borders of Morocc...

- by Eric Calderwood
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- Nationalism, Francophone Literature, Morocco, World Literature

1 lematin.ma > nation Hassan Rachik : «Je ne veux pas être citoyen d'un pays où l'on se cache pour parler son dialecte» Entretien avec l'auteur du livre «Symbolier la Nation» Publié le : 01.05.2005 | 15h24 L'anthropologue Hassan Rachik essaie d'examiner des processus politiques et culturels initiés dans le but de créer et de propager l'allégeance à un nouveau mode de groupement : la Nation marocaine. Il a choisi d'étudier les symboles qui y sont liés Le Matin : Dans votre essai «Symboliser la nation », vous proposez d'examiner la création d'un nouveau mode de groupement, la nation, en partant de la dimension symbolique. Vous donnez à titre d'exemple ce hameau qui, pour montrer son indépendance, a procédé à la construction d'une mosquée et à la célébration d'une fête villageoise. Qu'en est-il de ce processus ? Hassan Rachik : J'ai invoqué cet exemple, que j'ai observé sur le terrain en 1986, pour montrer à la fois la rupture et la continuité entre le Maroc d'avant le nationalisme et le Maroc d'après le nationalisme. Comme le hameau en question, le Maroc existait avec son histoire, ses populations, ses traditions, ses langues... Ce qui est nouveau à partir des années 1920 notamment, c'est la conception d'un mode de groupement inédit, le Maroc en tant que nation. Si je reviens à mon exemple, le hameau existait avec ses maisons, son terroir agricole, ses canaux d'irrigation... Mais il était noyé dans d'autres ensembles.

- by Hassan Rachik
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- Nationalism, Symbolism, National Identity, Language and Identity
- by Farouk Elmerrakchi
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- Arabic Language and Linguistics, Electronics, Arabic Dialects, Darija
- by Farouk Elmerrakchi
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- Arabic Language and Linguistics, Arabic Dialects, Darija

The article at hand seeks to unveil the different patterns of communication between Moroccan and American students. The article is based on a conducted experiment in which a group of American students were put together to converse freely under the topic of social media. The same experiment was replicated with a group of Moroccan students. Each group used their native language (Moroccan Arabic for Moroccans and American English for Americans). The results are drawn from the observations made by the researcher during the experiment for each group discussion. The experiment was audio taped which allowed the researcher to make observations after the experiment.

- by Zakaria Bziker
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- Cross-Cultural Studies, American Accent, Moroccan Arabic, Communication Patterns

The purpose of this article is to portray and comment on the stance of the Royal Academy of Morocco towards the sociolinguistic context of the country following the 2011 Constitution in its publication of 2013. The analysis of the Royal Academy’s discourse dissects the institution’s stance regarding each linguistic variety in the Moroccan linguistic landscape, and the strategies employed to build its position. The analysis eventually demonstrates the underlying ideology that supports the Royal Academy’s stance.
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- by Laura Gago
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- Arabic Sociolinguistics, Standardization, Linguistic Nationalism, Amazigh

Este libro se sitúa en la provincia septentrional de Tánger-Arcila y aborda la variación léxica y grafemática en el árabe marroquí de los jóvenes tangerinos. A partir del análisis de 230 encuestas de léxico disponible, se intenta dilucidar de qué modo esta variedad manifiesta los cambios sociolingüísticos del contexto nacional (promoción y difusión de variedades árabes marroquíes de la zona central del país, mayor difusión del inglés, entre otros). Para ello, se analiza, por un lado, la presencia de marcas dialectalizantes características de esta región y normativizantes (más afines al árabe estándar) y, por otro, se estudia el uso de extranjerismos que comportan una marca sociolingüística en el contexto tangerino (español, inglés, francés y también amazigh). Los resultados revelan una situación cambiante, en movimiento y, también, compleja.

- by Laura Gago
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- Dialect Writing, Arabic Sociolinguistics, Lexicography, Standardization

Since the first years of the 21st century, the presence of the dialect varieties of Arabic (the so-called ʿāmmiyya or dāriǧa) outside the purely literary production increased a lot, and these informal varieties are nowadays frequently used in press, mass media, and obviously social networks.This article intends to offer a general overview on the modalities by which, at the beginnings of this (relatively) new phenomenon, the Arabic dialects penetrated in both the old and new media.After a focus on the graphic problems issued during the first attempts of written registration of the Arabic dialects (like in 3arabizi and e-darija), it deals also with the initiatives encouraged by some Moroccan magazines and newspapers (such as Ḫbār blādna, al-Amal, TelQuel and Nichane) that developed a highly controversial debate on the future of the linguistic policies in the country.