Diagnosis Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Oral malodor is a serious problem that makes subjects who suffer from it subjected to adverse health and embarrassing consequences. Oral malodor may lead to significant personal discomfort and social embarrassment. The aim of this article... more

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked FilesKynntir eru próffræðilegir eiginleikar þýðingar og staðfærslu RADS-2 matslistans. Listinn er hannaður til að... more

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked FilesKynntir eru próffræðilegir eiginleikar þýðingar og staðfærslu RADS-2 matslistans. Listinn er hannaður til að skima fyrir depurð hjá unglingum og hefur bandarísk frumgerð hans ágæta eiginleika í því skyni. Listinn er stuttur, samanstendur af 30 atriðum og heildartala hans endurspeglar það hve alvarleg einkenni depurðar eru. Listinn inniheldur fjóra skilgreinda prófhluta: Depurð metur helstu einkenni og tilfinningar tengdar depurð, Áhugaleysi og neikvætt skap metur áhugaleysi í daglegum athöfnum og tilfinningalega deyfð, Neikvætt sjálfsmat metur neikvæð og niðrandi viðhorf í eigin garð og Líkamleg einkenni tengist líkamlegum upplifunum og óstöðugleika í skapi. Íslensk þýðing og staðfærsla var unnin með hléum yfir átta ára tímabil þar sem endurtekin gæðaferli, rýni og forprófanir, leiddu til endurskoðunar prófatriða. Gögnum um lokagerð RADS-2 var safnað á höfuðb...

The early diagnosis of malignancy is the most critical factor for patient survival and the treatment of cancer. In particular, leukemic cells are highly heterogeneous, and there is a need to develop new rapid and accurate detection... more

The early diagnosis of malignancy is the most critical factor for patient survival and the treatment of cancer. In particular, leukemic cells are highly heterogeneous, and there is a need to develop new rapid and accurate detection systems for early diagnosis and monitoring of minimal residual disease. This study reports the utilization of molecular networks consisting of entire bacteriophage structure, displaying specific peptides, directly assembled with silver nanoparticles as a new Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) probe for U937 cells identification in vitro. A 9-mer pVIII M13 phage display library is screened against U937 to identify peptides that selectively recognize these cells. Then, phage clone is assembled with silver nanoparticles and the resulting network is used to obtain a SERS signal on cell-type specific molecular targets. The proposed strategy could be a very sensitive tool for the design of biosensors for highly specific and selective identification of hematological cancer cells and for detection of minimal residual disease in a significant proportion of human blood malignancy.

Nurses have always been involved in the diagnostic process, but there remains a pervasive view across physicians, nurses, and allied health professionals that medical diagnosis is solely a physician responsibility. There is an urgent need... more

Nurses have always been involved in the diagnostic process, but there remains a pervasive view across physicians, nurses, and allied health professionals that medical diagnosis is solely a physician responsibility. There is an urgent need to adjust this view and for nurses to take part in leading efforts addressing diagnostic errors. The purpose of this article is to define a framework for nursing engagement in the diagnostic process that can serve as a catalyst for nurses to engage in eliminating preventable harms from diagnostic error. We offer a conceptual model to formalize and expand nurses’ engagement in the diagnostic process through education, maximize effectiveness of interprofessional teamwork and communication through culture change, and leverage the nursing mission to empower patients to become active members of the diagnostic team. We describe the primary barriers, including culture, education, operations, and regulations, to nurses participating as full, equal members ...

ABSTRACT Objectives: To study for similarities and differences between spiritistic mediums and Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) patients based on a structured interview. Methods: Twenty four mediums, selected among different spiritist... more

ABSTRACT Objectives: To study for similarities and differences between spiritistic mediums and Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) patients based on a structured interview. Methods: Twenty four mediums, selected among different spiritist organizations in Sao Paulo, Brazil were interviewed by using the Dissociative Disorder Interview Schedule, and the results were compared with DID symptoms described in the literature.

Toxoplasmosis is a neglected tropical disease with a global distribution that is estimated to infect one third of the world’s human population. This study was a comparison of ELISA and rapid Immunochromatographic tests (ICT) in diagnosis... more

Toxoplasmosis is a neglected tropical disease with a global distribution that is estimated to infect one third of the world’s human population. This study was a comparison of ELISA and rapid Immunochromatographic tests (ICT) in diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in Port Harcourt Nigeria. Eight hundred patients grouped in four categories from three Health Care Centres were randomly sampled after due ethical approval was obtained. Samples were analysed using Toxo IgG-IgM rapid test (ICT) and Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. Socio Demo graphic Data were obtained using well-structured questionnaires. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis based on ICT was 28.1% while that of ELISA was 34.5% both significant (P < 0.05) with a relative risk of 0.815. The diagnostic parameters of ICT versus ELISA IgG were sensitively 46.7% specificity 81.7% positive predictive value (PPV) 57.3%, Negative predictive value (NPV) 74.4 with a diagnostic efficiency of 69.6% Cohen Kappas indicate goo...

The search for medical care leads to the need for interaction between the patient and the doctor, in which there is a meeting of narratives. The patient's narrative is an important base of work for the physician who will diagnose and... more

The search for medical care leads to the need for interaction between the patient and the doctor, in which there is a meeting of narratives. The patient's narrative is an important base of work for the physician who will diagnose and care, however, its interpretation and communication, in the therapeutic sense, will obey ethical and moral commitments. This relationship of dependence is part of the medical narrative formulation whose ultimate contribution will be a therapeutic response recognized and accepted by the patient.
Keywords: Narrative; Ethics; Moral; Medicine; Therapy

Advances in machine learning allow us to predict certain events before they happen. Diseases and deaths are one of the most painful of those events for people all around the world. There are huge amounts of health data available that can... more

Advances in machine learning allow us to predict certain events before they happen. Diseases and deaths are one of the most painful of those events for people all around the world. There are huge amounts of health data available that can be used for machine learning to predict diseases that are going to be seen in a person. Sometimes it is possible to prevent diseases and even deaths if a patient takes precaution against it. So, it is possible to save millions of lives through predicting and preventing diseases and deaths using machine learning. In this paper, the concept of preventable diseases and deaths will be discussed. Then, studies that have been done in this field will be analyzed. In the end, future potential and enablers of disease prediction will be examined.

Since the first descriptions of children with congenital word blindness or dys-lexia, the proper criteria for diagnosis of dyslexia have been debated. Issues in this debate concern, among others, the role of underlying causes of reading... more

Since the first descriptions of children with congenital word blindness or dys-lexia, the proper criteria for diagnosis of dyslexia have been debated. Issues in this debate concern, among others, the role of underlying causes of reading and spelling and the use of a discrepancy between reading ability and intelligence. This chapter will consider recent evidence from family risk studies of dyslexia that speaks to these issues. We conclude that current evidence on the etiology of developmental disorders neither supports a specific underlying cognitive profile (e.g., phonological deficits), nor the requirement of a discrepancy with intelligence. Deciding factors in diagnosis should be lack of learning opportunity, other exclusion factors, and naturally the degree of reading and spelling difficulties.

Is the diagnostic ability of medical students — as appraised by the Diagnostic Thinking Inventory (DTI) — influenced by the learners’ characteristics, or the way they acquired basic knowledge? This question was explored in a 4-year... more

Is the diagnostic ability of medical students — as appraised by the Diagnostic Thinking Inventory (DTI) — influenced by the learners’ characteristics, or the way they acquired basic knowledge? This question was explored in a 4-year consecutive sampling of clinical clerkship students. DTI inventory scores (flexibility in thinking and structure in memory), learners’ characteristics (learning style, self-confidence as a learner, and motivation to learn), together with knowledge scores (grade-point average and problem-solving test) were measured and analysed for their relationships and the differences between groups. Results revealed that higher scores of the DTI measures were associated with students’ high self-confidence, high motivation to learn, and abstract learning types. Correlation coefficients showed significant relationships between the DTI scores and both knowledge measures. In addition, t-tests showed that students with an integrated teaching background and problem-based learning (PBL) experience obtained significantly higher scores for structure in memory. The findings suggest that the inventory scores are sensitive to both cognitive and non-cognitive factors. The inventory may be useful in detecting subtle influences on diagnostic ability differentiation in medical students.

Background: The current medicine has as main goal to cure the disease, but this requires that the stages ranging from early examinations and diagnosis to end of treatment are done as quickly as possible in order to prevent the spread of... more

Background: The current medicine has as main goal to cure the disease, but this requires that the stages ranging from early examinations and diagnosis to end of treatment are done as quickly as possible in order to prevent the spread of the disease and its irreversible effects, this scenario is of great help the use of technologies that reduce the examination time analysis and enable speed diagnosis such as artificial intelligence.
Objective: Conduct a survey of scientific literature on application of artificial intelligence in the development of medical diagnostics with emphasis on neuro-fuzzy networks. Method: scientific databases were consulted of Science Direct and EBSCO using the descriptor Neural Fuzzy Diagnosis to perform the review was considered the period of 2010 to the first half of 2015.
Results: 360 publications were located, after applying the criteria inclusion, 14 were selected for the study, it was observed that 78.6% of the publications was conducted by EBSCO. 28.6% of the publications are applications in diagnosis of Cancer and 28.6% are applications in diagnosis of heart disease, 14.3% are applications in diagnosis of brain diseases, the other 35.7% are related to eye diseases, infectious contagious, cardiovascular, diabetes and jaundice. Specifically, 21.4% of the studies are in arrhythmia and 14.3% in Breast Cancer and 14.3% for depression. Journals that published most are Neural Computing and Applications and Expert Systems with 28.6% and 14.3% of publications respectively. It was observed that the number of publications on the subject has doubled from 2013, from 2 to 4 publications a year with the same result in 2014.
Conclusions: Through the survey we found that there is little published about diseases like tuberculosis, diabetes, leukemia, Glaucoma, Ovarian Cancer and Hypertension, so it is necessary further investigation, deepening of knowledge and publishing studies investigating sharply each of these aspects. Only from solid knowledge can develop and deploy adequate support systems to the development of medical diagnostics.

In orthodontics, assessment of any case is started with taking history and examining the jaws, soft tissues and dentition in different planes. The present study was conducted to modify a clinical method used to evaluate the sagittal... more

In orthodontics, assessment of any case is started with taking history and examining the jaws,
soft tissues and dentition in different planes. The present study was conducted to modify a clinical
method used to evaluate the sagittal jaw relationship and correlate it with other methods.
One hundred and five individuals were selected to participate in this study. Clinical examination
and true lateral cephalometric radiograph were taken to analyze different methods for assessing
sagittal jaw relationship using AutoCAD program 2017. Data collected were analyzed using
independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's test and Pearson's
correlation coefficient test.
There was agreement between the two fingers method with other methods. The difference
between modified method (Subspinale and Sublabiale to the Zero-Meridian line) was correlated
significantly with other methods in class II sample.
A new clinical method is developed to assess the sagittal jaw relation using Zero-Meridian line.

A 32 year old married female with complaints of intermittently appearing bluish mass in her left upper lid since last 2 years causing drooping of eyelid and cosmetic blemish. It was not associated with trauma, pain or visual loss. On... more

A 32 year old married female with complaints of intermittently appearing bluish mass in her left upper lid since last 2 years causing drooping of eyelid and cosmetic blemish. It was not associated with trauma, pain or visual loss. On clinical examination the mass was soft and reducible which reappeared on any amount of strain. The excision was planned after reducing it by sclerosant injection intralesionally. Sclerosant was also injected intraoperatively. On monthly follow up for 6 months no recurrence noted. Histopathological diagnosis confirmed it as a varix which is rare cause of orbital mass.

This paper presents the concept of 'risk-medicine' through the analysis of the rejection of prenatal screening among ultra Orthodox Jews in Israel. The foundations of this phenomenon are examined, defining 'risk' as a major socio-cultural... more

This paper presents the concept of 'risk-medicine' through the analysis of the rejection of prenatal screening among ultra Orthodox Jews in Israel. The foundations of this phenomenon are examined, defining 'risk' as a major socio-cultural feature of late modern Western society. The authors describe eight possible components of resistance to biomedicine, some being specifically applicable to risk-medicine: cultural discrepancy, lack of information, religious prohibitions, risk-aversion, incompatible health and illness cosmologies, fear and mistrust, governmental control, and irreconcilable epistemological differences. The analysis identifies two fundamental dimensions associated with risk-medicine: its epistemological basis, and the governmental surveillance that it involves. While the former stems from diverging conceptions on the values of different forms of 'gnosis' (probabilities vs. certainty) the latter draws upon the relationship between the state and risk-medicine, portraying ultra Orthodox women's rejection of prenatal screening as a form of resistance to nationalist, secular forces. The paper advances new concepts (namely 'risk-medicine' and 'gnosis' as related to 'pro-gnosis' and 'dia-gnosis') that may constitute a ground for further research on forms of medical epistemologies and practices and their related forms of resistance, namely in the context of religious and ideological incompatibilities.

In this chapter, we foreground different dementia diagnostic pathways across three temporal phases of the process of diagnosis; from initial history taking in memory clinic assessment, to the disclosure and discussion of diagnosis.... more

In this chapter, we foreground different dementia diagnostic pathways across three temporal phases of the process of diagnosis; from initial history taking in memory clinic assessment, to the disclosure and discussion of diagnosis. Therefore we are interested in, not only pathways to a diagnosis of dementia but rather the pathways and experiences within the diagnostic process, exploring the interactions that occur during this process. Specifically we focus on: first, conversational profiling and differential diagnosis during memory clinic assessment; second, interpreter-mediated dementia evaluations; and third disclosure and discussion of diagnosis.

Many properties like weight, tensile strength, elastic recovery etc. of textile materials vary considerably with moisture regain. This is in turn affected by the ambient Relative Humidity (RH) and Temperature (T) which contribute mainly... more

Many properties like weight, tensile strength, elastic recovery etc. of textile materials vary considerably with moisture regain. This is in turn affected by the ambient Relative Humidity (RH) and Temperature (T) which contribute mainly to textile environmental conditions. Therefore the monitoring of environment at test locations either continuously or at regular intervals is necessary. Many Researches have dealt with to interpret measurement data that are frequently inconclusive. The main objectives of this paper are to perform analysis on environment condition using both Simulation and Real-time study and to design the On-line condition monitoring system with Fuzzy Logic Controller using MATLAB. The environment condition is described in terms of linguistic variables so that even unskilled personnel can handle the Textile Environmental Conditions.

This study aimed to carry out an epidemiological survey to identify production systems, reproductive management and health management of cattle in Loja Canton. The sample size were 2.4% of bovine Agricultural Production Units of urban and... more

This study aimed to carry out an
epidemiological survey to identify production
systems, reproductive management and
health management of cattle in Loja Canton.
The sample size were 2.4% of bovine
Agricultural Production Units of urban and
rural parishes, where one hundred and twenty
surveys were applied including thirty-five
questions for each one with closed nature.
Sampling areas were georeferenced with
the use of the Global Positioning System.
The results showed that 88% of herds are
milk producers, while 86% have no health
certificate. Reproduction occurs by natural
mating in 95%, which shows the presence
of 8% postcoital pyometra. Abortions are
presented in 19% of herds, aborting one,
two or three cows, usually between the 6th
and 7th month of pregnancy. Preterm births
are registered with weak calf births, stillbirths
and macerated fetuses, placental retention,
adult animals with hygromas, bloody urine,
yellow skin and mucous membranes. In
newborn calves outputs of eye sockets
is detected, muscular incoordination and
paralysis. The presence of visible signs of
possible infectious disease is high, so that
we continue with immunodiagnostic step of brucellosis, leptospirosis, neosporosis
and bovine tuberculosis. This study allows
proposing preventive measures and control
of bacteria and parasites that could affect
economic losses, cause illness to facilities
staff and consumers of derivatives.

Cryptosporidium and Giardia are gastrointestinal disease-causing organisms transmitted by the fecal–oral route, zoonotic and prevalent in all socioeconomic segments with greater emphasis in rural communities. The goal of this study was to... more

Cryptosporidium and Giardia are gastrointestinal disease-causing organisms transmitted by the fecal–oral route, zoonotic and prevalent in all socioeconomic segments with greater emphasis in rural communities. The goal of this study was to assess the risk of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis of Potam dwellers consuming drinking water from communal well water. To achieve the goal, quantitative microbial risk assessment
(QMRA) was carried out as follows: (a) identification of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in well water samples by information collection rule method, (b) assessment of exposure to healthy Potam residents, (c) dose-response
modelling, and (d) risk characterization using an exponential model. All well water samples tested were positive for Cryptosporidium and Giardia. The QMRA results indicate a mean of annual risks of 99:100 (0.99) for cryptosporidiosis and 1:1 (1.0) for giardiasis. The outcome of the present study may drive decision-makers to establish an educational and treatment program to reduce the incidence of parasite-borne
intestinal infection in the Potam community, and to conduct risk analysis programs in other similar rural communities in Mexico.

The main objective of this study was to identify the clinical-pathological discrepancies in autopsies performed in the institution. We reviewed autopsies of clinical cases in 53 adults in the period between January 2005 and June 2009,... more

The main objective of this study was to identify the clinical-pathological discrepancies in autopsies performed in the institution. We reviewed autopsies of clinical cases in 53 adults in the period between January 2005 and June 2009, carried out in the Pathology Service at the Hospital Privado de Córdoba, Argentina. Six autopsies were excluded due to insufficient information. The Goldman et al. classification was applied to establish clinico-pathologic discrepancies between clinical diagnoses and autopsy findings. Frequently clinical diagnoses were respiratory infections and acute pulmonary embolism. The most frequently reported postmortem diagnoses were respiratory infections and acute myocardial infarction. There were 17 major discrepancies and 30 coincidences. No any minor discrepancy was detected. Respiratory infections were the main cause of error, followed by myocardial infarction. We conclude that in 17/47 (37%) of cases the pre-mortem and postmortem diagnoses were different...

Following an ordered clinical chemistry plasma/serum test, ideally the venous blood specimen is adequately collected at a health care facility, then swiftly transported to and readily handled, analyzed and sometimes interpreted at a... more

Following an ordered clinical chemistry plasma/serum test, ideally the venous blood specimen is adequately collected at a health care facility, then swiftly transported to and readily handled, analyzed and sometimes interpreted at a clinical chemistry laboratory followed by a report of the test result to the ordering physician to finally handle the result. However, often there are practical as well as sample quality reasons for short- or long-term storage of samples before and after analysis. If there are specific storage needs, the preanalytical handling practices are specified in the laboratory's specimen collection instructions for the ordered test analyte. Biobanking of specimens over a very long time prior to analysis includes an often neglected preanalytical challenge for preserved quality of the blood specimen and also involves administrative and additional practical handling aspects (specified in a standard operating procedure - SOP) when demands and considerations from ...

Receiving a psychiatric diagnosis in childhood or adolescence can have numerous social, emotional and practical repercussions. Among the most important of these are the implications for a young person's self-concept and social... more

Receiving a psychiatric diagnosis in childhood or adolescence can have numerous social, emotional and practical repercussions. Among the most important of these are the implications for a young person's self-concept and social identity. To ensure diagnoses are communicated and managed in a way that optimally benefits mental health trajectories, understanding young people's first-hand experience of living with a diagnosis is paramount. This systematic review collates, evaluates and synthesises the qualitative research that has explored how psychiatric diagnosis interacts with young people's self-concept and social identity. A search of 10 electronic databases identified 3892 citations, 38 of which met inclusion criteria. The 38 studies were generally evaluated as moderate-to-high quality research. Thematic synthesis of their findings highlighted the multifaceted ways diagnosis affects young people's self-concept and social identity. Diagnosis can sometimes threaten an...

Betalactams are the most frequent cause of hypersensitivity reactions to drugs mediated by a specific immune mechanism. Immediate reactions occur within 1 to 6 hours after betalactam administration, and are generally IgE-mediated. They... more

Betalactams are the most frequent cause of hypersensitivity reactions to drugs mediated by a specific immune mechanism. Immediate reactions occur within 1 to 6 hours after betalactam administration, and are generally IgE-mediated. They clinically translate into urticaria, angioedema and anaphylaxis. Non-immediate or delayed reactions occur after 1 hour of administration. These are the most common reactions and are usually mediated by T cells. The most frequent type is the maculopapular or morbilliform exanthematous eruption. Most individuals who report allergies to penicillin and betalactams can tolerate this group of antibiotics. To make diagnosis, a detailed medical history is essential to verify whether it was an immediate or non-immediate reaction. Thereafter, in vivo and/or in vitro tests for investigation may be performed. The challenging test is considered the gold standard method for diagnosis of betalactam hypersensitivity. The first approach when suspecting a reaction to b...

Intellectual Disability (ID) represents a meta-syndromic group of several different conditions, each one with specific cognitive and communication features. This constitutes one the main reason for which the... more

Intellectual Disability (ID) represents a meta-syndromic group of several different conditions, each one with specific cognitive and communication features. This constitutes one the main reason for which the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in adults with ID is challenging. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive and updated state of art on the assessment of psychiatric disorders in people with ID. In order to accomplish this goal, authors performed a systematic literature mapping trying to answer to the following questions: what are the issues in the psychiatric diagnostic process for adults with ID? What methods and procedures have been used for psychiatric assessment in ID? To date, is it possible to identify the most effective diagnostic procedures?Results indicated that the main critical issues in the psychiatric diagnostic process were the following: the identification of psychiatric symptoms, the behavioural equivalents, the diagnostic criteria, the setting, the source of information, the screening and diagnostic instruments. An increasing interest in screening instruments for providing appropriate diagnosis for people with ID has been noted in the recent years. For this reason, available assessment tools have been briefly indicated, with their strengths and weaknesses. Although the recent advances, more research is needed in order to increase diagnostic accuracy in this heterogeneous group of patients

We aimed to determine the characteristics of quantitative metrics for nursing narratives documented in electronic nursing records and their association with hospital admission traits and diagnoses in a large data set not limited to... more

We aimed to determine the characteristics of quantitative metrics for nursing narratives documented in electronic nursing records and their association with hospital admission traits and diagnoses in a large data set not limited to specific patient events or hypotheses. We collected 135,406,873 electronic, structured coded nursing narratives from 231,494 hospital admissions of patients discharged between 2008 and 2012 at a tertiary teaching institution that routinely uses an electronic health records system. The standardized number of nursing narratives (i.e., the total number of nursing narratives divided by the length of the hospital stay) was suggested to integrate the frequency and quantity of nursing documentation. The standardized number of nursing narratives was higher for patients aged ≥ 70 years (median = 30.2 narratives/day, interquartile range [IQR] = 24.0-39.4 narratives/day), long (≥ 8 days) hospital stays (median = 34.6 narratives/day, IQR = 27.2-43.5 narratives/day), ...

Perceptual errors are common contributors to missed diagnoses in the clinical practice of radiology. While the physical attributes of an image such as image resolution, signal-to-noise characteristics, and anatomic complexity are major... more

Perceptual errors are common contributors to missed diagnoses in the clinical practice of radiology. While the physical attributes of an image such as image resolution, signal-to-noise characteristics, and anatomic complexity are major causes of poor conspicuity of pathologic lesions, there are major interrelated cognitive contributors to visual errors. The first is satisfaction of search (SOS), where the detection of an abnormality results in premature termination of further search. Another form of incomplete search pattern is visual isolation, where a radiologist’s search pattern is truncated to the main areas of an image, while little or no attention is given to peripheral areas. A second cognitive error is inattentional blindness, defined as the failure to notice a fully visible, but unexpected object because attention was otherwise engaged. Strategies for error mitigation have centered around the use of check lists, self prompting routines, and structured reporting within an in...

Contemporary research into health treats diagnosis as a central step in illness management and trajectories. Most public health policies, especially in the case of Alzheimer’s disease, claim that the earlier a diagnosis is made, the... more

Contemporary research into health treats diagnosis as a central step in illness management and trajectories. Most public health policies, especially in the case of Alzheimer’s disease, claim that the earlier a diagnosis is made, the better it is for patients and caregivers. Quantitative and qualitative analysis from our longitudinal interview study, conducted with 60 caregivers of persons diagnosed with dementia, shows that this usual model of diagnosis [symptoms → diagnosis → meaning and caregiving] should be nuanced. First, diagnosis does not follow increased symptoms, but occurs rather through a process involving the observability of patients’ troubles and their interpretation of said troubles as requiring medical assistance ‐the ‘trouble?observability?interpretation convergence.’ Second, diagnosis does not systematically trigger the mobilisation of a caregiving network: such mobilisation may follow the diagnosis, but it can also provoke it, temporarily prevent it, or have no immediate impact. These observations beg the question: To what extent does diagnosis matter? We conclude by questioning the centrality of diagnosis in the illness trajectories and its crucial role in the mobilisation of a caregiving network, that is often taken for granted, and propose to distinguish between ‘anticipation diagnosis’ and ‘emergency diagnosis’.

This paper addresses fault diagnosis in dynamic systems represented by discrete state-space models. The main idea of the paper is to propose a systematic way to implement a Petri net-based fault diagnosis system. This procedure consists... more

This paper addresses fault diagnosis in dynamic systems represented by discrete state-space models. The main idea of the paper is to propose a systematic way to implement a Petri net-based fault diagnosis system. This procedure consists of three main steps. In the first step, a fault diagnosis system is built based on the Luenberger observer. In the second step, the obtained fault diagnoser equations are transformed to a suitable format. Finally, in the third step, the obtained equations are implemented by a Petri net called continuous-time delay Petri net (CTDPN) that can realize difference equations. Based on this method, a systematic approach is proposed for realizing a classical fault diagnoser by CTDPN. By integrating the concept of state-space observers and PNs in this paper, new and effective methods are developed for the analysis and fault diagnosis of systemsknown as hybrid systems-that have both continuous and discrete variables. The performance of the proposed method is thoroughly investigated, and the obtained results show that the proposed CTDPN can precisely detect the occurred faults, their types and their occurrence time instances.