Experimental Design Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Traditionally, the American child welfare system intervenes in cases of evident and severe maltreatment. Families in need of help, but who have not reached a crisis, are excluded from typical services. Some suggest that if these families were served, few would be rereferred to the child welfare system. California’s Differential Response (DR) has three tracks, of which ‘‘Track 1’’ targets families screened out of child protective services (CPS) and refers them to agencies that provide voluntary, home-based services and referrals. This study examined child-welfare trajectories for families receiving Track 1 DR services in one California county. Using survival analysis, treatment group children (N = 134) were compared to children eligible for services but denied due to program capacity (comparison group N = 511). Findings suggest no statistically significant differences between groups on the likelihood of a re-report following program participation, timing of maltreatment reports, or r...

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- Child Welfare, Child Maltreatment, Community, Experimental Design

In Weibull accelerated life test analysis (ALT) with two or more variables (X2, X3, ... Xk), we estimated, in joint form, the parameters of the life stress model r{X(t)} and one shape parameter β. These were then used to extrapolate the conclusions to the operational level. However, these conclusions are biased because in the experiment design (DOE) used, each combination of the variables presents its own Weibull family (βi, ηi). Thus the estimated β is not representative. On the other hand, since (βi, ηi) is determined by the variance of the logarithm of the lifetime data σt2 , the response variance σy2 and the correlation coefficient R2, which increases when variables are added to the analysis, β is always overestimated. In this paper, the problem is statistically addressed and based on the Weibull families (βi, ηi) a vector Yη is estimated and used to determine the parameters of r{X(t)}. Finally, based on the variance σy2 of each level, the variance of the operational level σop2 is estimated and used to determine the operational shape parameter βop. The efficiency of the proposed method is shown by numerical applications and by comparing its results with those of the maximum likelihood method (ML).

- by DYNA Revista and +3
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- Experimental Design, Multiple Linear Regression, ALT Analysis, Weibull Analysis
- by Romána Zelkó
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- Research Design, Quality of life, Asthma, Experimental Design
- by Jérôme Sterpenich
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- Experimental Design, Interfaces
- by Chatri Nimpee
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- Engineering, Ecological Engineering, Earth Sciences, Wastewater Treatment
- by Rick Honaker and +2
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- Engineering, Carbon Dioxide, Experimental Design, Pressure Drop

Modern membrane technologies are useful for enhancing the concentration of phenolic antioxidants in olive mill waste water (OMWW) to produce concentrates with valuable applications in functional foods. Three types of OMWW concentrates, each with different levels of solute concentration and purity, were obtained from a single OMWW batch and dissolved in two extra virgin olive oils to achieve saturated solutions. Three addition levels were considered. Accelerated aging testing of the oils was performed at 60 °C and the samples were analyzed after two, four, and 6 weeks of aging. D-optimal design was used to select the 26 experiments that allowed the evaluation of the influence of the different variables on oil stability. The addition of OMWW concentrates resulted in a significant increase in the Radical Scavenging Activity (RSA) of the olive oils. Under these mild experimental conditions, the moderate formation of fatty acid hydroperoxides was probably masked by interfering compounds.

- by Riccardo Boggia
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- Chemical Engineering, Experimental Design, Olive Oil, Functional Food

Building type explores interpretation as a creative strategy for developing experimental design processes that translate architecture into type. The research sits within the experimental area of the contemporary type design context. The methodology is based on a hermeneutic framework and establishes a cycle of research methods that enable the project to progress through several phases of inquiry. It is a practice-based project, but its intended outputs are not fully resolved typefaces, but rather a range of experimental type design strategies. These strategies translate aspects of selected New Zealand suburban architecture (a single-bay villa, a Californian bungalow and a state house) into letterforms and prototypefaces. The outcomes are communicated through two sets of publications, large format posters, plan print guidelines, card inserts and an exegesis.

- by Caroline Powley
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- Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Typeface Design, Experimental Design, Design process

Effectiveness of a body-oriented intervention on body experience and PTSD symptoms Exposure to extreme stress in a traumatic event such as sexual abuse, crime, war and disasters may lead to a Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Symptoms of PTSD are hyperarousal, intrusions, and avoidance of reminders of the memories related to the traumatic event. PTSD clients can experience disturbances in body experience, which can be improved by body-oriented interventions. So far there was only limited evidence for the ...

- by Peter Hoekenga and +1
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- Psychology, Sexual Abuse, Quality of life, Body Image
- by Tsung-nan Tsai
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- Engineering, Response Surface Methodology, Experimental Design, Genetic Algorithm
- by Burdon Rowland
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- Genetics, Molecular Biology, Polymorphism, Quantitative Genetics

This paper aims at developing a regression residual control chart to economically detect the abnormal patterns of the stencil printing process (SPP), so as to predict significant deviations that might result in nonconforming products. The SPP is widely recognized as the main contributor of soldering defects in a surface mount assembly (SMA). The earlier those abnormal conditions can be detected in the SPP stage, the less expensive the defect correction costs. Shewhart control chart is frequently used to monitor the amount of solder paste volume. However, its results can be error-prone since the solder paste volume is significantly affected by other process factors. For developing the proposed control chart, a 3^8-3 experimental design was first conducted and validated to formulate the relationship between the control variables and the SPP response. Eight process factors for SPP were initially defined, including stencil thickness, component pitch, aperture area, snap-off height, sque...

- by Tsung-nan Tsai
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- Engineering, Experimental Design, Statistical Process Control
- by Ryan Olson
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- Organizational Behavior, Experimental Design, Human behavior, Shared Knowledge
- by jose pinto
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- Materials Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Modeling

Evaluating the Performance of Two Drill Seeder at Different Speeds This study aimed to evaluate the de pth and distribution uniformity of maize seeds as a function of two displacement speeds. The work was carried out at the Experimental Nucleus of Agricultural Engineering - NEEA, of the Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - Cascavel Campus. The soil was classified

- by Erivelto Mercante
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- Experimental Design, Maize

An experimental design approach, based on central composite design, has been used to investigate the dependence of accelerated solvent extraction operating variables (pressure, temperature, extraction time) on the recovery of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from native, contaminated soil. At the 95% confidence interval, no significance in terms of the three operating parameters was found when considering the total PAH recovery. However, when individual PAHs were consid-ered, some compounds were found to be dependent on operating variables. The most significant operating vari-able was extraction temperature. Low extraction temper-ature (40 °C) was found to be significant for naphthalene, chrysene, and benzo[b]fluoranthene. Using constant operating conditions (100 °C, 14 MPa and an extraction time of 5 min plus 5 min equilibriation time), the influence of extraction solvent was evaluated. No depen-dence on recovery was found when polar organic solvents, i.e., a dipole momen...

- by Pedro Furlani
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- Geology, Biology, Experimental Design, Crop management

The complex formed by chronic illness, episodes of acute illness, physiological disabilities, functional limitations, and cognitive problems is prevalent among frail elderly persons. These individuals rely on assistance from social and... more

- by Francois Béland
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- Health Care, Experimental Design, Chronic illness, Quality of Care

The extraction and determination of chlorinated biphenyls (CBs) in soils and solid wastes is an ongoing subject of study. This is an overview article that compares the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) techniques. The extraction of CBs by ASE has been optimised taking into account the variation of pressure, temperature and extraction time by means of experimental design and the Simplex approach. The recoveries obtained under the optimum conditions are compared and discussed with those obtained from MAE and Soxhlet extractions.

- by Olatz Zuloaga
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- Analytical Chemistry, Experimental Design, Solid waste, Central Composite Design
- by Paolo Bulla
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- Applied Mathematics, Probability Theory, Stochastic Process, Econometrics
- by Jerome Tiollier and +1
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- Immunology, Cancer, Treatment, Experimental Design
- by vincenzo micale
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- Psychology, Animal Behavior, Depression, Placebo Effect
- by Beata Walczak
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- Analytical Chemistry, Experience Design, Experimental Design, Factor analysis
- by Richard Gonzalez
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- Exercise Physiology, Metabolism, Hypoxia, Sea Level
- by Howard Moskowitz
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- Conjoint Analysis, Experimental Design, Sensory Studies, Food Sciences
- by Rashid Ahmed
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- Engineering, Statistics, Combinatorics, Agriculture
- by trevor spedding
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- Engineering, Technology, Process Optimization, Time Series
- by Keith Garbutt
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- Quality Improvement, Wastewater Treatment, Experimental Design, Multidisciplinary
- by Mehmet Emin Aydin
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- Analytical Chemistry, Water, Ultrasound, Experimental Design
- by Douglas Rutledge
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- Analytical Chemistry, Experimental Design, Software, Calibration
- by Toomas Timpka
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- Statistics, Epidemiology, Community-Based Mental Health Services, Health Care
- by Patrick J Rosopa
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- Organizational Behavior, Psychology, Organizational Theory, Research Design

Objective: To develop a method for establishing the presence of command-following in individuals with traumatic brain injury, based on the principles of single-subject experimental design.Design: A series of single-subject experiments, individualized to the particular command-following question about a particular patient.Setting: An inpatient rehabilitation hospital with a specialized program for vegetative and minimally conscious brain injured patients.Patients: Eight individuals with serious

- by John Whyte
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- Traumatic Brain Injury, Consciousness, Experimental Design, Signal Detection Theory

In this paper, a combined use of dimensional analysis (DA) and modern statistical design of experiment (DOE) methodologies is proposed for a hydrodynamics experiment where there are a large number of variables. While DA is well-known, DOE is still unfamiliar to most ocean engineers although it has been shown to be useful in many engineering and non-engineering applications. To introduce

- by Leonard Lye
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- Engineering, Civil Engineering, Ocean Engineering, Design

: The purpose of the testing reported herein was to obtain data describing fluid and structural behavior (interaction of fluid on structure and of structure on fluid) in a controlled experiment in a systematic manner. These data are to be used for (a) validation of fluid/structure interaction (FSI) modeling codes and (b) to demonstrate a process for archiving and accessing the data. The approach, which uses two types of models (wing and tethered mass), was to obtain ambient upstream, wall, and downstream static and dynamic fluid pressures for the models in various dynamic conditions.

Recent attention is focused on understanding the genetic basis for individual susceptibility to the development of chronic disease. An emphasis is concentrated on establishing an association be-tween inheritance of polymorphic chemical... more

- by Salama Salama
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- Biostatistics, Biomarkers, Environmental Health, Biology
- by Jayashree Bijwe
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- Materials Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Experimental Design, Wear

City logistics policies require an understanding of several issues (eg freight distribution context, preferences and relationship among agents) seldom accounted for in current research. Policies run the risk of producing unsatisfactory results because behavioural and contextual aspects are not considered. The acquisition of relevant data is crucial to test hypothesis and forecast agents' reactions to policy changes. Despite recent methodological advances in modelling interactive behaviour the development of apt survey instruments is ...

- by Valerio Gatta
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- Organizational Behavior, Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Geography
- by Eli A A
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- Cognitive Science, Machine Learning, Experimental Design, Bayesian Learning

The effects of plantain starch obtained from the unripe fruit of the plantMusa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae) on the mechanical and disintegration properties of paracetamol tablets have been investigated in comparison with the effects of corn starch BP using a 23 factorial experimental design. The individual and combined effects of nature of starch binder (N), concentration of starch binder (C), and the relative density of tablet (RD) on the tensile strength (TS), brittle fracture index (BFI), and disintegration time (DT) of the tablets were investigated. The ranking of the individual effects on TS was RD>C≫N, on BFI was C≫RD>N and on DT was N>C>RD. The ranking for the interaction effects on TS and DT was N-C≫N-RD>C-RD, while that on BFI was N-C≫C-RD>N-RD. Changing nature of starch from a “low” (plantain starch) to a “high” (corn starch) level, increasing the concentration of starch binding agent from 2.5% to 10.0% wt/wt, and increasing relative density of the tablet from 0.80 to 0.90, led to increase in the values of TS and DT, but a decrease in BFI. Thus, tablets containing plantain starch had lower tensile strength and disintegration time values than those containing corn starch, but showed better ability to reduce the lamination and capping tendency in paracetamol tablet formulation. The interaction between N and C was significantly (P<.001) higher than those between N and RD and between C and RD. There is therefore the need to carefully choose the nature (N) and concentration (C) of starch used as binding agent in tablet formulations to obtain tablets of desired bond strength and disintegration properties. Furthermore, plantain starch could be useful as an alternative binding agent to cornstarch, especially where faster disintegration is required and the problems of lamination and capping are of particular concern.

- by Oluwatoyin Odeku
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- Starch, Experimental Design, Musa, Solubility
- by René Noël
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- Design practice, Software Development, Experimental Design, Extreme Programming

An optimum experimental design to determine the coefficients of the Extended Taylor's Equation in machining is proposed. The technique is based on the minimisation of the ratio between maximum and minimum singular values of the matrix of sensitivity of the tool life related to the machining parameter variations. This procedure generates the best set of cutting conditions to be used in tool life tests which results in a fast convergence of the coefficients and their confidence intervals. This technique was compared to the commonly used fractional factorial design when face milling AISI 1045 steel with cemented carbide cutting tools. The results showed a considerable reduction in the number of tests required to obtain a reliable equation when the optimum experimental procedure was used when compared to the factorial design.

- by Jack Kleijnen
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- Decision Making, Sensitivity Analysis, Experimental Design, Multidisciplinary
- by Narriman Jiddawi
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- Earth Sciences, East Africa, Experimental Design, Biological Sciences