Fructose Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Decreased sweat secretion is a primary side effect of topiramate in pediatric patients, but the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. This study aimed to better understand how topiramate decreases sweat secretion by examining... more

Decreased sweat secretion is a primary side effect of topiramate in pediatric patients, but the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. This study aimed to better understand how topiramate decreases sweat secretion by examining its effect on the expression of carbonic anhydrase (CA) II and aquaporin-5 (AQP5), total CA activity, as well as on tissue morphology of sweat glands in mice. Both developing and mature mice were treated with a low (20 mg/kg/day) and high dose (80 mg/kg/day) of topiramate for 4 weeks. Sweat secretion was investigated by an established technique of examining mold impressions of hind paws. CA II and AQP5 expression levels were determined by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting and CA activity by a colorimetric assay. In mature mice, topiramate treatment decreased the number of pilocarpine reactive sweat glands from baseline in both the low and high dose groups by 83% and 75%, respectively. A similar decrease was seen in developing mice. Mature mice w...

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are increasing in adults and are likely to be increasing in children. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the protective effect of rice bran oil and... more

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are increasing in adults and are likely to be increasing in children. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the protective effect of rice bran oil and pumpkin seed oil against high fructose diet (HFD) inducing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The results showed significant elevation of plasma total and direct bilirubin, transaminases activities, total cholesterol (T-Ch), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-Ch), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) with significant increase in liver TG, T-Ch and MDA along with significant reduction in plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Ch) and increase in T-Ch/HDL-Ch in rats fed HFD compared to rats fed on balanced diet. Histopathology of liver of rats fed on HFD confirmed the induction of NASH. Rice bran oil and pumpkin seed oil produced improvement in the biochemical parameters with different degrees. Pu...

Little is known about the performance of South African cactus pear varieties in different agro-ecological regions. Effects of locality on internal quality parameters of available cactus pear varieties were examined. With only one... more

Little is known about the performance of South African cactus pear varieties in different agro-ecological regions. Effects of locality on internal quality parameters of available cactus pear varieties were examined. With only one exception, no significant differences among the mean replication values for the different parameters between the different locations were observed. The differences between mean values for most individual parameters at the three localities were highly significant. Highly significant differences between the mean values for the measured characteristics were observed, not only among the locations (except for the pulp glucose values), but also for the influences of genotype and interaction between locality and genotype. Significant variations existed between mean values of the different characteristics between localities. Genotype x environmental interactions were noted. It was concluded that Meyers is the most appropriate cultivar for economical purposes in Sou...

It has been hypothesized that self-control is constrained by a limited energy resource that can be depleted through exertion. Once depleted, this resource can be replenished by the consumption or even the taste of glucose. For example,... more

It has been hypothesized that self-control is constrained by a limited energy resource that can be depleted through exertion. Once depleted, this resource can be replenished by the consumption or even the taste of glucose. For example, the need to inhibit reduces subsequent persistence at problem solving by humans and dogs, an effect that is not observed when a glucose drink (but not a placebo) is administered following initial inhibition. The mechanism for replenishment by glucose is currently unknown. Energy transfer is not necessary, although insulin secretion may be involved. This possibility was investigated in the current study by having dogs exert self-control (sit-stay) and subsequently giving them (1) glucose that causes the release of insulin, (2) fructose that does not result in the release of insulin nor does it affect glucose levels (but it is a carbohydrate), or (3) a calorie-free drink. Persistence measures indicated that both glucose and fructose replenished canine p...

In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, we investigated the effect of an infant milk formula with 6 g/L short-chain galacto- and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides [(scGOS/lcFOS) ratio 9:1] on the development of the... more

In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, we investigated the effect of an infant milk formula with 6 g/L short-chain galacto- and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides [(scGOS/lcFOS) ratio 9:1] on the development of the fecal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) response and on the composition of the intestinal microbiota in 215 healthy infants during the first 26 wk of life. The infants received breast milk or were randomized to receive an infant milk formula with or without scGOS/lcFOS. Stool samples were collected after 8 and 26 wk of intervention. The concentration of fecal sIgA was determined by ELISA, and the composition of the intestinal microbiota was determined by quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization. The scGOS/lcFOS group and the control group were compared in the statistical analysis. A breast fed group was included as a reference. In total, 187 infants completed the study. After 26 wk of intervention, in infants that were exclusively formula fed, t...

Currently, we are experiencing an epidemic of cardiorenal disease characterized by increasing rates of obesity, hypertension, the met- abolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and kidney disease. Whereas ex- cessive caloric intake and physical... more

Currently, we are experiencing an epidemic of cardiorenal disease characterized by increasing rates of obesity, hypertension, the met- abolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and kidney disease. Whereas ex- cessive caloric intake and physical inactivity are likely important factors driving the obesity epidemic, it is important to consider additional mechanisms. We revisit an old hypothesis that sugar, particularly excessive fructose intake,

This clinical practice guideline for treatment of DSM-5 feeding and eating disorders was conducted as part of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) Project 2013-2014. The... more

This clinical practice guideline for treatment of DSM-5 feeding and eating disorders was conducted as part of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) Project 2013-2014. The CPG was developed in accordance with best practice according to the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. Literature of evidence for treatments of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), other specified and unspecified eating disorders and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) was sourced from the previous RANZCP CPG reviews (dated to 2009) and updated with a systematic review (dated 2008-2013). A multidisciplinary working group wrote the draft CPG, which then underwent expert, community and stakeholder consultation, during which process additional evidence was identified. In AN the CPG recommends treatment as an outpatient or day patient in most instances (i.e. in the least restric...

Med napake v presnovi fruktoze (FRU) spadajo dedna intoleranca na FRU, esencialna fruktosurija in odsotnost fruktoza-1,6-bisfosfataze. Pri vseh treh manjka eden izmed ključnih encimov v presnovi FRU. Pri dedni intoleranci na FRU odsotnost... more

Med napake v presnovi fruktoze (FRU) spadajo dedna intoleranca na FRU, esencialna fruktosurija in odsotnost fruktoza-1,6-bisfosfataze. Pri vseh treh manjka eden izmed ključnih encimov v presnovi FRU. Pri dedni intoleranci na FRU odsotnost encima aldolaze B povzroči hipoglikemijo ali zasilno bruhanje po zaužitju relativno majhne količine FRU, po zaužitju večje pa lahko nastopi tudi smrt. Bolnik se mora držati stroge diete, ki izključuje FRU, saharozo in sorbitol, kar v praksi pomeni izključitev pijač z dodanim sladkorjem in sadnih sokov, živil z dodanim sladkorjem, medom, sadnim sokom ali sadnim koncentratom (npr. žitnih izdelkov s prostimi sladkorji; številnih živil za diabetike), sadja in oreščkov. Potrebno je nadziranje vnosa skupne FRU iz zelenjave ter preverjanje sestavin v kruhu in vseh predelanih živilih, žvečilnih gumijih, prehranskih dopolnilih in zdravilih. Ker pri bolniku lahko pride do pomanjkanja vitamina C in folne kisline, je priporočeno jemanje prehranskega dopolnila, ki vsebuje vitamine B-skupine in vitamin C. Pri malabsorpciji FRU pa transportni mehanizmi za FRU v membranah celic tankega črevesa delujejo okrnjeno ali pa količina FRU v enem obroku presega absorptivne zmožnosti normalno delujočih prenašalcev sladkorjev. Simptomatsko malabsorpcijo FRU nekateri poimenujejo intoleranca na FRU. Pogosti simptomi so bolečina v trebuhu, napihnjenost, vetrovi in driska, ustrezna rešitev pa je izločitev živil in sadežev, ki vsebujejo več FRU kot glukoze. Z uživanjem FRU iz prostih sladkorjev so povezane številne kronične bolezni s presnovnim sindromom na čelu, zato bi tudi vse splošne nezaželene odzive telesa na FRU iz prostih sladkorjev lahko poimenovali »intoleranca na FRU iz prostih sladkorjev«.

Invertase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was immobilized on agarose beads, activated with various groups (glyoxyl, MANAE or glutaraldehyde), and on some commercial epoxy supports (Eupergit and Sepabeads). Very active and stable invertase... more

Invertase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was immobilized on agarose beads, activated with various groups (glyoxyl, MANAE or glutaraldehyde), and on some commercial epoxy supports (Eupergit and Sepabeads). Very active and stable invertase derivatives were produced by the adsorption of the enzyme on MANAE-agarose, MANAE-agarose treated with glutaraldhyde and glutaraldehyde-agarose supports. At pH 5.0, these derivatives retained full activity after 24h at 40 ºC and 50 ºC. When assayed at 40 °C and 50 °C, with the pH adjusted to 7.0, the invertase-MANAE-agarose derivative treated with glutaraldehyde retained 80% of the initial activity. Recovered activities of the derivatives produced with MANAE, MANAE treated with glutaraldehyde and glutaraldehyde alone were 73.5%, 44.4% and 36.8%, respectively. These three preparations were successfully employed to produce glucose and fructose in 3 cycles of sucrose hydrolysis.