Fuel properties Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

The aim of this work was to investigate the compatibility of fuel delivery materials with palm biodiesel fuel under novel immersion method which simulated diesel engine operation. For this, a two-stage investigation was conducted. In the first stage, the effects of biodiesel dissolved oxygen concentration and conductivity value on fuel delivery materials degradation under standard immersion were determined as a baseline study. In the second stage, modified immersion investigations which simulated the deterioration of biodiesel under common rail diesel engine operation (CRDE) were carried out to ascertain the compatibility present between fuel delivery materials and palm biodiesel. Palm biodiesel dissolved oxygen and conductivity were found to adversely affect both copper corrosion and nitrile rubber (NBR) degradation. The copper corrosion rate and NBR volume change increased by 9% and 13%, respectively due to 22.5% increase in the conductivity. In contrast, the copper corrosion rate and NBR volume swelling reduced by 91% and 27%, respectively due to 96% reduction in the dissolved oxygen concentration. Copper corrosion and NBR degradation were found to be lowered by up to 93% and 85%, respectively under modified immersion as compared to standard immersion. This study has inferred that good compatibility is present between fuel delivery materials and biodiesel under CRDE operation.

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- Biodiesel, Conductivity, Diesel engines, Fuel properties
- by Sajjad Hossain
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- Engineering, Combustion, Internal Combustion Engines, Marine Diesel Engines
- by Md. Abul Kalam
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- Energy, Biodiesel, Mathematical Modeling, Biodiversity
- by Mohamed Aroua
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- Engineering, Catalysts, Fuel Cells, Biodiesel
- by Shailesh Shah
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- Environmental Engineering, Renewable Energy, Fuel properties

The chemical composition and fuel properties of nine alternative jet fuels (named as AJF 1-9) and three commercial jet fuels (named as CJF 1, 2 and 3) are reported in this work. The fuels were characterized by GC/MS, SEP-GC/MS (for quantification of oxygenated molecules), viscosity, density, water content, water solubility at 0 °C, carbonyl content, total acid number, elemental composition, calorific value, flash point, differential scanning calorimetry, and surface tension. The content of n-paraffins, iso-paraffins, olefins, naphthenes, and aromatics are reported. The fuel rich in aromatics (AJF 1) has the highest density (0.90 g/mL), C content (over 90 wt. %), and water solubility, lowest calorific value, and high surface tension. The fuels with high contents of light molecules have the lowest flash points (AJFs 1, 6, and 8). AJF 2 is the most viscous fuel due to the presence of a single relatively heavy molecule. The content of oxygenated compounds measured was in all the cases very low and comparable with the amount found in commercial jet fuels. Overall, these fuels comply with most of ASTM requirements and offer opportunities to develop specialized products.

- by Anamaria Paiva Pinheiro Pires
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- Bioenergy, Fuel properties, Alternative Jet Fuel
- by Manuel Garcia-perez
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- Bioenergy, Fuel properties, Alternative Jet Fuel, Bioresources

Increasing demand of conventional source of fuel has made people to consider on alternative fuels that can substitute the present demand by some percentage. This paper presents the state of the art in this area by reviewing number of contributions fro m the all three disciplines i.e. Botany, Chemistry and Engineering are taken together to critically rev iew the work done in this field of Bioenergy. Large nu mber of survey and work is done in identification of non-edible seeds as potential feed stock fro m wh ich oil can be extracted. Experimental investigation has been done by several researchers in production of Bio-d iesel fro m oil extracted, trans-esterified and studied different propert ies of fuel produced. This fuel and it's different b lends with diesel are used by engineers to understand the performance of engine. Nu mber of experimental work is done using fuel available fro m non-edible o ils feedstock to investigate performance of this biodiesel using compression igni...

- by Shailesh Shah
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- Environmental Engineering, Renewable Energy, Fuel properties, Energy Power
- by IJERA Journal
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- Chemical Engineering, Renewable Energy, Fuel properties

This work aims to disseminate the critical relationship present between biodiesel fuel properties and the degradation of commonly present fuel delivery materials (FDM) of a diesel engine. This was achieved by quantifying the adverse effects of palm biodiesel fuel exposure towards aluminium, galvanized steel, stainless steel, fluoroelastomer, silicone rubber and nylon under novel immersion method. Under the novel immersion method which was designed to resemble the biodiesel fuel deterioration under diesel engine operation, fuel renewal was incorporated in the typical standard methods. The utilized fuel renewal durations were 108 h and 192 h for metal and elastomers, respectively. Through this, the resulting biodiesel fuel properties under diesel engine operation were primarily simulated under the immersion methods. The experimentations were carried out for 540 h and 960 h for metals and elastomers, respectively, at 100 °C. Based on the obtained results, as well as the comparisons made to an existing study, galvanized steel, aluminium and stainless steel had lower corrosion rate by 33%, 74% and 80%, respectively, as compared to copper. On the other hand, 26%, 78% and 106% lower volume changes were determined for silicone rubber, fluoroelastomer and nylon, respectively, as compared to nitrile rubber. Significantly lower degradation rate of up to 20 times for metals and 5 times for elastomers were critically obtained under novel immersion method as compared to under typical immersion methods from existing studies. This demonstrates that through the employment of novel immersion method which simulates biodiesel fuel properties as per under diesel engine operation, much better compatibility is deemed present between biodiesel fuel and FDM contrasting to the existing studies.

- by Davannendran Chandran
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- Biodiesel, Diesel engines, Fuel properties, Metal Corrosion
- by Sajjad Hossain
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- Engineering, Combustion, Internal Combustion Engines, Marine Diesel Engines

Plant oils from Ratanjyot (Jatropha curcas), Karanj (Pongamia pinnata), Neem (Azadirachta indica), and Mahua (Madhuca longifolia var. latifolia) etc. have been extracted and exploited as non-edible feedstock for the bio-diesel production in India. Our efforts have been converted to find area specific non-edible feedstock. With this point, Balanites roxburghii (BR) plant with high oil content, located at semiarid perennial plant and seed yield 2.5 tons/acre in third year to that 8.5/acre in 7th year under non-irrigated condition, was collected in the local area around Vadodara Gujarat India. The present work reports the synthesis of Balanites roxburghii methyl ester (BRME) from Balanites roxburghii oil (BRO) which has been extracted via a process called Hot Soxhlet Extraction process. The production process of BRME was carried out in two-step (1) Esterification of BRO in the presence of a homogeneous acid catalyst to lower the higher acid value. (2) Trans-esterification is carried out using CH 3 ONa as catalyst. BRME was then analysed by spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, C 13 /H 1 NMR and Gas Chromatography (GC) for analysis of fatty acid methyl ester and the fuel properties such as Density (ρ), Kinematic viscosity (KV), Acid Value (AV), Iodine value (IV), Cloud point (CP), Pour point (PP), Flash point (FP), Lubricity and Bromine number (BN) were determined. Lastly the comparative studies was carried out, of the FA profile as well as fuel properties of BRME with Balanites aegyptiaca methyl ester (BAME) and standard Soya beam methyl eater (SME) and the fuel properties of BRME was also compared with ASTMD6751.

- by Shailesh Shah
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- Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Oil, EXTRACTION
- by Ziliang Zheng
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- Volatility, Diesel combustion, Fuel properties, Surrogate fuels
- by Sajjad Hossain
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- Energy Policy, Biodiesel, Performance Based Earthquake Engineering, Matlab
- by Sajjad Hossain
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- Engineering, Renewable Energy, Biodiesel, Performance

The production of synthetic fuels from alternative sources has increased in recent years as a cleaner, more sustainable source of transport fuel is now required. In response to European renewable energy targets, Ireland has committed, through the Biofuels Obligation Scheme of 2008, to producing 4% of transport fuels from biofuels by 2010 and 10% by 2020. In order to be suitable for sale in Europe, diesel fuels and biodiesels must meet certain European fuel specifications outlined in the EN 590:2004 and EN 14214:2009 standards. The aim of this project is to prepare blends of varying proportions of synthetic diesel fuel (Cyn-diesel), produced from the pyrolysis of plastic, versus regular fossil diesel. The viscosity (mm2/s) and density (kg/m3) of these blends as well as of the regular diesel fuel were analysed in relation to compliance with the European fuel standard EN 590.

- by Fionnuala Murphy and +1
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- Waste-to-Energy, Density, Environmental Sustainability, Alternative Fuels
- by Sajjad Hossain
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- Engineering, Renewable Energy, Biodiesel, Performance
- by Shailesh Shah
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- Environmental Engineering, Renewable Energy, Fuel properties, Energy Power
- by Shailesh Shah
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- Environmental Engineering, Renewable Energy, Fuel properties, Energy Power
- by Davannendran Chandran
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- Biodiesel, Diesel engines, Fuel properties, Oxidation
- by Sajjad Hossain
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- Engineering, Renewable Energy, Biodiesel, Performance
- by ishak ibrahim
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- Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Fuel properties

Eucalyptus globulus Labill. is managed in commercial plantations for the pulp and paper industry as a coppice system. For stand reforestation the stumps are uprooted and at present used as biofuel. In this study, the biomass of stumps collected in six eucalypt stands in Portugal was evaluated in terms of physical, chemical and fuel properties. Stumps had basic density between 0.55 g cm −3 and 0.71 g cm −3 , and the chemical composition showed 15.1% total extractives (mainly ethanol soluble extractives, 10.5%), 24.8% lignin and 67.0% holocellulose. In terms of thermal properties the stumps presented 18.9 MJ kg −1 for higher heating value (HHV) and 0.6%, 81.1% and 18.3% respectively for ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon. The elemental composition (C = 51.0%; H = 5.8%; O = 45.3%; Cl = 0.04%) has adequate values for use as woodfuel.

- by Ana Lourenço and +1
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- Fuel properties, Chemical Properties, Eucalyptus Globulus, Stumps
- by Md Sajjad Hossain
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- Engineering, Environmental Science, Renewable Energy, Biodiesel

- by Manuel Garcia-perez
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- Bioenergy, Fuel properties, Alternative Jet Fuel, Bioresources
- by Samuel Ebhodaghe
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- Biodiesel, Fuel properties, Blending Ratio
- by Aliyu Jauro
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- Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Catalysts, Fuel Cells

- by Yinglei Han
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- Bioenergy, Fuel properties, Alternative Jet Fuel, Bioresources

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the combustion behaviour of a constant speed, 5.5 kW, 4-stroke, single-cylinder, water cooled, direct injection (DI) diesel engine fueled with water emulsified diesel. Water emulsified diesel prepared with 20% water/diesel ratio, 0.9% surfactant amount at 2200 rpm of stirrer with hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) value 4.3 was checked for fuel properties. The cylinder gas pressure (CGP) was higher in water emulsified diesel as compared to diesel for similar engine loading. The peak CGP was found to be 95.86 and 95.18 bar for water emulsified diesel and diesel, respectively at full engine load. At higher engine load, better turbulence of combustible mixture and oxidation of soot particles by OH radicals in water emulsified diesel helped in raising the peak rate of pressure rise. A higher ignition delay was observed in the combustion of water emulsified diesel. Water emulsified diesel exhibited ignition delay of 23, 21, 19, 18 and 17 degree crank angle (°CA) at no load, 25, 50, 75 and 100% load, respectively as compared to 20, 20, 18, 14, and 9°CA with diesel for similar engine loading. The longer ignition delay period in water emulsified diesel helped in burning of more fuel leading to higher instantaneous heat release rate (Qn). At full engine load, its value was found to be 223.06 and 207.90 J/°CA for water emulsified diesel and diesel, respectively.

- by Neeraj Kumar
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- Renewable Energy, Combustion, Surfactants, Fossil Fuels
- by AZHARI VENDRA
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- Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Fuel properties