Hybrid Solar Cells Research Papers (original) (raw)

Chronic opioid receptor (OR) activation by morphine causes distinct cellular adaptations responsible for the development of tolerance. The present study examines the effect of chronic morphine exposure on the ability of high-efficacy... more

Chronic opioid receptor (OR) activation by morphine causes distinct cellular adaptations responsible for the development of tolerance. The present study examines the effect of chronic morphine exposure on the ability of high-efficacy agonists to mediate �-OR (DOR) and �-OR (MOR) uncoupling and internalization, two regulatory mechanisms contributing to rapid desensitization of OR function. Chronic morphine treatment (1 �M; 72 hr) of DOR carrying neuroblastoma x glioma (NG108-15) hybrid cells, a prototypical model system frequently used to study cellular aspects of opioid tolerance, completely blocked the capacity of [D-Ala 2, D-Leu 5]enkephalin (DADLE) and etorphine to desensitize opioid-stimulated [ 35 S]GTP�S binding and to mediate DOR internalization. Similar findings were obtained on stably DOR- and MOR-transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. Chronic morphine treatment also heterologously

We reported previously that human geneMAGE-1 directs the expression of a tumor antigen recognized on a melanoma by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes. Probing cosmid libraries with aMAGE-1 sequence, we identified 11 closely related genes.... more

We reported previously that human geneMAGE-1 directs the expression of a tumor antigen recognized on a melanoma by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes. Probing cosmid libraries with aMAGE-1 sequence, we identified 11 closely related genes. The analysis of hamster-human somatic cell hybrids indicated that the 12MAGE genes are located in the q terminal region of chromosome X. LikeMAGE-1, the 11 additionalMAGE genes have their entire coding sequence located in the last exon, which shows 64%-85% identity with that ofMAGE-1. The coding sequences of theMAGE genes predict the same main structural features for allMAGE proteins. In contrast, the promoters and first exons of the12 MAGE genes show considerable variability, suggesting that the existence of this gene family enables the same function to be expressed under different transcriptional controls. The expression of eachMAGE gene was evaluated by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification. Six genes of theMAGE family includingMAGE-1 were found to be expressed at a high level in a number of tumors of various histological types. None was expressed in a large panel of healthy tissues, with the exception of testis and placenta.

Staining of chromosome preparations of Chinese hamster-human hybrid cells and mouse-chimpanzee hybrids with alkaline Giemsa has yielded color differentiation of the interspecific chromosomes. Bicolor chromosomes, indicating apparent... more

Staining of chromosome preparations of Chinese hamster-human hybrid cells and mouse-chimpanzee hybrids with alkaline Giemsa has yielded color differentiation of the interspecific chromosomes. Bicolor chromosomes, indicating apparent translocations also are observed for each of these hybrids. The specific color differences observed provide a rapid means of recognizing and aiding in the identification of the interspecific chromosomes and apparent translocations in these somatic cell hybrids.

Thermal annealing and precursor composition play critical roles in crystallinity control and morphology formation of perovskite thin films for achieving higher photovoltaic performance. In this study we have systematically studied the... more

Thermal annealing and precursor composition play critical roles in crystallinity control and morphology formation of perovskite thin films for achieving higher photovoltaic performance. In this study we have systematically studied the role of annealing temperature on the crystallinity of perovskite (CHNH3PbI3) thin films casted from single (without PbCl2) and mixed (with PbCl2) halide precursors. Higher annealing temperature leads to agglomeration of perovskite crystals. This explains that the effects of annealing temperature on the performance of perovskite solar cells are different in single and mixed halide processed films. It is observed that the perovskite crystallinity and film formation can be altered with the addition of lead chloride in the precursor solution. We report that single halide perovskite solar cells show no change in morphology and crystal size with increase in annealing temperature which was confirmed by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). However, mixed halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3-xClx) solar cells show significant change in crystal formation in the active layer when increasing annealing temperature. In addition, heating perovskite precursor solutions at 150 oC can lead to enhancement in solar cell efficiency for both single and mixed halide. Perovskite solar cells fabricated using heated precursor solutions forms dense film morphology, thus significantly improved fill factor up to 80% with power conversion efficiency exceeding 13% under AM 1.5 condition.

Two different classes of hamster cell mutants (25RA cells and M1 cells) express opposite phenotypes in sterol dependent regulation. In 25RA cells, sterols added in growth medium fail to cause down-regulation of sterol synthesis rate and... more

Two different classes of hamster cell mutants (25RA cells and M1 cells) express opposite phenotypes in sterol dependent regulation. In 25RA cells, sterols added in growth medium fail to cause down-regulation of sterol synthesis rate and low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity, while in M1 cells, removal of lipids from growth medium fail to cause up-regulation of sterol synthesis rate

Vertically aligned polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes have great potential application in supercapacitor electrode material. In this paperwehave investigated facile growth of PANI nanotubes on a titanium nanotube template (TNT) using... more

Vertically aligned polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes have great potential application in supercapacitor electrode
material. In this paperwehave investigated facile growth of PANI nanotubes on a titanium nanotube
template (TNT) using electrochemical polymerization. The morphology of PANI nanostructures grown
over TNT is strongly influenced by the scan rate in the electrochemical polymerization. The growth morphology
of PANI nanotubes has been carefully analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy.
The detailed growth mechanism of PANI nanotubes has been put forward. Specific capacitance value of
740Fg−1 was obtained for PANI nanotube structures (measured at charge–discharge rate of 3Ag−1).

The Oct-3 gene is expressed in highly undifferentiated cells and is implicated in mammalian early embryogenesis. We have generated a series of hybrid cells between pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells (Oct-3+) and fibroblasts (Oct-3-),... more

The Oct-3 gene is expressed in highly undifferentiated cells and is implicated in mammalian early embryogenesis. We have generated a series of hybrid cells between pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells (Oct-3+) and fibroblasts (Oct-3-), and have studied the regulation and function of Oct-3. Upon fusion, the hybrid cells differentiated to nestin+/Brn-2+ cells resembling neuroepithelial stem cells. Expression of Oct-3 was extinguished at the transcriptional level in all the hybrid cells examined. The Oct-3 modulating activity required for the Oct-3-mediated enhancer activation was also extinguished. When the Oct-3 transactivating function was introduced into the hybrid cells, they transformed into morphologically distinct nestin-/Brn-2- cells ('revertants'). When the 'revertant' cells subsequently lost Oct-3 expression, they differentiated back to nestin+/Brn-2+ cells. The close correlation between the phenotypic changes and the gain/loss of Oct-3 function indicates th...

Studies were conducted on the hypothesis that melanoma metastasis might be initiated through the generation of hybrids comprised of cells of the primary tumor and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes. Fusion hybrids were generated in vitro... more

Studies were conducted on the hypothesis that melanoma metastasis might be initiated through the generation of hybrids comprised of cells of the primary tumor and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes. Fusion hybrids were generated in vitro between weakly metastatic Cloudman S91 mouse melanoma cells and normal mouse or human macrophages. Hybrids were implanted s.c. in the tail and mice were monitored for metastases. Controls included parental S91 cells, autologous S91 x S91 hybrids, and B16F10 melanoma cells. Of 35 hybrids tested, most were more aggressive than the parental melanoma cells, producing metastases sooner and in more mice. A striking characteristic was heterogeneity amongst hybrids, with some lines producing no metastases and others producing metastases in up to 80% of mice. With few exceptions, hybrids with the highest metastatic potential also had the highest basal melanin content whereas those with the lowest metastatic potential were basally amelanotic, as were the parental ...

We report effects of interface between TiO2-Perovskite and grain-grain boundaries of perovskite films prepared by single step and sequential deposited technique using different annealing time at optimum temperature. Nanoscale kelvin probe... more

We report effects of interface between TiO2-Perovskite and grain-grain boundaries of perovskite
films prepared by single step and sequential deposited technique using different annealing time at
optimum temperature. Nanoscale kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurement shows that charge
transport in Perovskite solar cell critically depends upon annealing conditions. The KPFM results of
single step and sequential deposited films show that the increase in potential barrier suppresses the back
recombination between electrons in TiO2 and holes in Perovskite. Spatial mapping of surface potential
within Perovskite film exhibits higher positive potential at grain boundaries compared to the surface of
the grains. Average grain boundary potential of 300 - 400 mV is obtained upon annealing for sequentially
deposited films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra indicate the formation of PbI2 phase upon annealing
which suppresses the recombination. Transient analysis exhibits that the optimum device has higher
carrier life time and short carrier transport time among all devices. An optimum grain boundary potential
and proper band alignment between TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL) and Perovskite absorber layer
help to increase the overall device performance.

Members of the ICE/CED-3 protease family appear to play an essential role in programmed cell death process. In this paper the chromosomal localization of the human genes CPP32, Mch2, Mch3 and Ich-1 is reported, obtained by Radiation... more

Members of the ICE/CED-3 protease family appear to play an essential role in programmed cell death process. In this paper the chromosomal localization of the human genes CPP32, Mch2, Mch3 and Ich-1 is reported, obtained by Radiation Hybrid Mapping. CPP32 was assigned to chromosome 4q33-q35.1, Mch2 to chromosome 4q25-q26, Mch3 to chromosome 10q25.1-q25.2 and Ich-1 to chromosome 7q35. Ich-1 was found to map very close to the marker WI-9353. The possible overlapping of the two independent locus assignments is considered. The genomic distribution of these genes is discussed, with particular reference to the co-location with some human genetic diseases all characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance and by similar malformative features.

As an important step in the nuclear transfer (NT) procedure, we evaluated the effect of three different treatments for oocyte activation on the in vitro and in vivo developmental capacity of bovine reconstructed embryos: (1) strontium,... more

As an important step in the nuclear transfer (NT) procedure, we evaluated the effect of three different treatments for oocyte activation on the in vitro and in vivo developmental capacity of bovine reconstructed embryos: (1) strontium, which has been successfully used in mice but not yet tested in cattle; (2) ionomycin and 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP), a standard treatment used in cattle; (3) ionomycin and strontium, in place of 6-DMAP. As regards NT blastocyst development, no difference was observed when strontium (20.1%) or ionomycin/6-DMAP (14.4%) were used. However, when 6-DMAP was substituted by strontium (3), the blastocyst rate (34.8%) was superior to that in the other activation groups (p <0.05). Results of in vivo development showed the possibility of pregnancies when NT embryos activated in strontium were transferred to recipient cows (16.6%). A live female calf was obtained when ionomycin/strontium were used, but it died 30 days after birth. Our findings show that st...

It has been shown that in hybrid polymer–inorganic photovoltaic devices not all the photogenerated excitons dissociate at the interface immediately, but can instead exist temporarily as bound charge pairs (BCPs). Many of these BCPs do not... more

It has been shown that in hybrid polymer–inorganic photovoltaic devices not all the photogenerated excitons dissociate at the interface immediately, but can instead exist temporarily as bound charge pairs (BCPs). Many of these BCPs do not contribute to the photocurrent, as their long lifetime as a bound species promotes various charge carrier recombination channels. Fast and efficient dissociation of BCPs is therefore considered a key challenge in improving the performance of polymer–inorganic cells. Here we investigate the influence of an inorganic energy cascading Nb2O5 interlayer on the charge carrier recombination channels in poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT)–TiO2 and PbSe colloidal quantum dot–TiO2 photovoltaic devices. We demonstrate that the additional Nb2O5 film leads to a suppression of BCP formation at the heterojunction of the P3HT cells and also a reduction in the nongeminate recombination mechanisms in both types of cells. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the reduction in nongeminate recombination in the P3HT–TiO2 devices is due in part to the passivation of deep midgap trap states in the TiO2, which prevents trap-assisted Shockley–Read–Hall recombination. Consequently a significant increase in both the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current was achieved, in particular for P3HT-based solar cells, where the power conversion efficiency increased by 39%.