Infrared Thermography Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

- by and +1
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- Materials Science, Digital Image Correlation, Infrared Thermography, High speed imaging
- by Andreas Kistler
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- Psychophysiology, Microcirculation, Autonomic Nervous System, Emotions
- by Julien Didierjean
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- Thermography, Computer Simulation, Lasers, Light
- by Peter Liaw
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- Materials Engineering, Thermodynamics, Intermetallics, Nondestructive Evaluation
- by Kendall Swanson
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- Mathematics, Ultrasound, Animal Production, Body Composition

The synthesis of new materials for thermal infrared (IR) detection has been an intensive research
area in recent years. Among new semiconductor materials, synthetic diamond has the ability to
function even under very high temperature and high radiation conditions. In the present work,
diamond Schottky diodes with boron concentrations in the range of 1014<B<1017cm3 are
presented as candidates for IR thermal sensors with an excellent temperature coefficient of
resistance (8.42%/K) and very low noise levels around 6.6 10^-15 V2/Hz. This enables huge
performance enhancements for a wide variety of systems, e.g., automotive and space applications.

- by Jan Isberg
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- Semiconductor Physics, Thermal Remote Sensing, Diamond, Infrared Thermography

In this paper we describe the proof of concept of processing of the compressed video of scene to obtain still (static) image. Described method is a type of visualization where we convert video file to one static image by an image stitching method. The source of the video frames was video IR thermometer. It recorded along with the video in 3GP format also subtitle srt file with measured IR data. Visualized IR data were stitched in to static scene and can help in documenting and evaluating the outcomes of measurements using video IR thermometer.

- by Juraj PANCIK
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- Infrared Optics, Infrared Thermography, TERMOGRAFIA

Pneumothorax (Ptx) is a life-threatening complication that can result from trauma, mechanical ventilation, and invasive procedures. Infrared thermography (IRT), a compact and portable technology, has become highly sensitive. We hypothesized that IRT could detect Ptx by identifying associated changes in skin temperature.Bilateral nonpenetrating chest incisions or needle punctures were performed in 21 anesthetized rats. Rats were then randomized to no, bilateral, left, or right Ptx by either open (n = 16) or closed percutaneous (n = 5) puncture through selected pleurae. Real-time thermographic images and surface temperature data were acquired with a noncooled infrared camera.In all cases, blinded observers correctly identified each Ptx with real-time grayscale image analysis. When compared to either the ipsilateral baseline or an abdominal reference, experimental Ptx produced a significantly greater decrease in surface temperature when compared to non-Ptx control.These results demonstrate that portable infrared imaging can rapidly and accurately detect changes in thoracic surface temperature associated with experimental pneumothorax.

- by Preston Rich
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- Thermography, Animals, Thorax, Male
- by Michele Di Foggia and +1
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- Condensed Matter Physics, GAS TURBINE, X Rays, Infrared Thermography
- by Akbar Darabi
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- Engineering, Neural Networks, Nondestructive Evaluation, Neural Network
- by Andrew Trites
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- Thermoregulation, Marine Mammals, Heat Exchanger, Animal Physiology
- by Enrico Fiore
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- Infrared Thermography

Two aluminum metal matrix composites (MMC) reinforced with 13 vol.% of SiC or B4C particles were made by stir casting followed by hot extrusion. Effects of sliding velocity on the wear, friction and tribochemistry of the worn surfaces of both composites sliding against a commercial phenolic brake pad have been investigated under dry condition. The wear tests were carried out using a pin-on-disc type apparatus at two linear sliding speeds: 1.62 and 4.17 m s-1 under a constant contact pressure of 0.75 MPa for a sliding distance of 5832 m. The coefficient of friction was recorded and wear rate of the MMC pins calculated from mass loss measurement. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to investigated the worn surface. It is observed that higher sliding velocity leads to lower wear rate and lower friction coefficient for both MMCs. Formation of a compact transfer layer has been identified in the matrix region of the worn surface of the MMCs. The transfer layer mostly consists of constituents of the phenolic pad material which acted as counterbody. The amount of the constituents of the counterbody in the transfer layer is seen to increase as sliding velocity increases. It is suggested that the transfer layer on MMC acts as a protective cover and helps reduce both wear rate and friction coefficient.

- by V. Balasubramanian and +1
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- Materials Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgical, Steady state
- by Carmela Palmieri and +1
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- Infrared Thermography, Termografía, Indagini Non Invasive, Umidità
- by Rudi Heriansyah
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- Engineering, Nondestructive Evaluation, Thermal Imaging, Defect Detection

Bearings, extensively used in rotating machinery and equipment’s are devices that support & guide, radial and axial load, reduce the friction of motion between fixed and moving machine parts and permit them to move easily. Bearing failure is often attributed to be one of the major causes of breakdown in industrial rotating machines that operate at low and high speeds. In this paper, study of early fault detection of a ball bearing by temperature mapping characteristics with respect to rotational speed and bearing load, was carried out for sound (normal) and defective (Iron powder contaminated) bearings by using passive infrared thermography.

- by Ranjit Shrestha
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- Mechanical Engineering, Thermal Engineering, Infrared Optics, Temperature Sensors

The Internet of Things (IoT) concept facilitates our life in many areas. One of the facilities provided in this area is undoubtedly condition monitoring. Unlike regular maintenance, IoT systems that perform continuous control operations can provide great advantages to the company with a warning that a serious failure will occur. It is a vital importance to determine defective bearings during the rotation of the power generating and power consuming machines without reaching the critical level. In this study; an experimental setup was created, and a Condition Monitoring Application (CMA) was performed in the laboratory environment which could monitor vibration, temperature, acoustic emission (AE), current and revolution measurements for ORS 6203 type defective bearing detection. In the designed test setup, a microcontroller platform used as a system brain, a direct current machine with a shaft mounted bearing, and miscellaneous sensors used such as 3-axis accelerometer that senses vibrations, a hall sensor module for revolution measure, a microphone module for AE detection, current and voltage sensor modules for power consumption measurement, contactless temperature sensor module for temperature measurement. CMA has been designed for monitoring of system via Bluetooth module. With the help of the microcontroller platform, the data collected from the sensors is transmitted wirelessly to the Android smartphone to be plotted and recorded. After the data exceeds certain thresholds, the control system is able to provide SMS and/or e-mail notification to the related maintenance team with the Android smartphone. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN), and Decision Tree (DT) algorithms applied to the collected data and models were created. As a result of accuracy analysis over %96 success was achieved for all models.

- by Mustafa ÇAKIR
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- Machine Learning, Support Vector Machines, Acoustic Emission, Microcontrollers

There is quite frequent requirement to provide load-bearing structures in order to safely access components installed at height. This implies, even for the initial and preliminary analysis activities, the construction of scaffolding or the use of special equipment such as lifting platforms. Therefore, considerations regarding technical times and costs to be incurred are objective and necessary. Nowadays, the technological development of the RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems) allows the effective bypass of the above-mentioned difficulties, allowing the carrying out of various checks useful to formulate a possible following campaign of punctual and localized checks. The small size and the sophisticated handling systems gives the possibility of locating with precision in the space at different heights, even in areas characterized by access difficulties. The on-site activities must be conducted by devices and personnel in possession of appropriate authorizations and certifications.
The objective of this article is to propose basic guidelines for carrying out surveys with the support of RPAS. In particular, the technical considerations to be considered for the choice and characteristics of the device and its accessories as well as the necessary actions such as the preparation of the flight plan, risk assessment and communication to the competent groups.

- by Ronan Grimes
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- Engineering, Heat Transfer, Interaction, Performance

This research is focused on the use of active infrared thermography as a non-destructive testing technique for damage detection in carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs). The aim of this study is to examine the efficiency of various mathematical methods in thermographic data processing, with respect to the thermal excitation method and the type of artificial defect in the CFRP specimens. We applied two techniques of active infrared thermography to CFRP samples with artificial cracks and internal de-laminations at known locations. An infrared camera recorded the temperature field and generated a sequence of thermal images. To reveal the defects of the CFRP laminate, the thermograms were processed (a) as 2D images, and (b) as if each pixel was a 1D signal over time. We present representative experimental results, which illustrate that the depiction of the norm of the 1st spatial derivative of temperature and the 2D wavelet transforms proved to be most efficient for crack detection, whereas the 1D Fourier and 1D wavelet transforms did not yield clear results. In contrast, delamination damages could be identified through 1D techniques because the 1D Fourier transform as well as the 1D wavelet transform were very accurate.

- by alexandra chrysafi and +1
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- Digital Image Processing, NDT, Infrared Thermography, carbon fiber reinforcement polymer (CFRP)

Predictive Maintenance strategy employs vibration analysis, thermography analysis, ultrasound analysis, oil analysis and other techniques to improve machine reliability. The goal of the strategy is to provide the stated function of the... more

- by MIke Clarks
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- Engineering, Non Destructive Testing, Building Regulation, Infrared Thermography

The volume is a theoretical and practical manual for thermographic inspections in electrical and industrial field. It contains 230 pages of theory and practical informations about guidelines, criteria, applications in electrical and industrial surveys.
In the early chapters the book provides the physical basis of thermography, the technical characteristics of the cameras and their meanings, and the basic measurement techniques (emissivity, reflected ambient temperature, transimissivity).
We then move on to the examination of the main applications in the electrical and industrial, where thermography is covering an increasingly important as a technique of predictive maintenance. Through it possible investigations into the electrical connections, phase imbalances, overloads, loss of isolation and physical damage to the conductors, the normal plants in the low voltage transformer substations.
Are also possible investigations on electric motors, where you can find not only the loss of insulation in the windings but also imbalances and other mechanical problems.
Other applications, of growing interesting, concern photovoltaic systems and data centers.
In other industries we examine the applications in the chemical and petrochemical industries, and in general in industrial process control.
The book contains many pictures of real cases and references to foreign technical standards, with criteria for classifying the severity of thermal anomalies and mathematical examples of application: in the US thermography technique has been recognized as valid by the NFPA (National Fire Protection Agency) for preventing fires of electrical origin, and the major insurance companies promote the application of thermography surveys.
Other chapter covers miscellaneous applications such detecting corrosion under insulation, faults in steam traps, measuring furnace tubes, gas leak detection, refractory damage, checking level in vessels, temperature control in moulds, inspecting fiberglass and wooden boats for osmosis and humidity.

- by Helmut Kratochvil
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- Biological Sciences, Elephants, Thermal, Infrared Thermography

The use of thermal infrared (IR) imaging is a valuable tool for inspecting and performing non-destructive testing of building elements, detecting where and how energy is leaking from a building’s envelope, collecting data for clarifying the operating conditions of hard to reach heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) installations, identifying problems with the electrical and mechanical installations under full-load operating conditions. IR inspections involve the detection of IR electromagnetic radiation emitted by the inspected object. The collected information can be used as part of other investigative procedures to identify potential problems, quantify potential energy savings, schedule interventions and set priorities for preventive and predictive maintenance or the need for immediate service to minimise the risk of failure. This paper reviews the main areas for using IR in building diagnostics with an emphasis on how it was implemented to support office building audits following the TOBUS methodology. Representative examples from building envelope, mechanical and electrical inspections in audited Hellenic office buildings are presented to demonstrate common problems and data interpretation.

La termografia all’infrarosso è una tecnica d’indagine non invasiva, in grado di determinare la temperatura di una superficie attraverso la misura della radiazione infrarossa emessa, con una sensibilità che può arrivare fino al centesimo di grado.
La possibilità di percepire differenze cromatiche connesse alle caratteristiche fisiche dei vari materiali, non distinguibili nello spettro del visibile a causa, ad esempio, della presenza di uno strato di intonaco, rende la termografia molto efficace per la definizione della tessitura, della morfologia interna e delle caratteristiche geometriche delle strutture verticali e degli orizzontamenti, per la ricerca della disomogeneità, difettosità, vuoti o cavità interne, per la verifica della presenza di armature metalliche, per la localizzazione di eventuali elementi metallici di rinforzo e consolidamento (capochiave, catene, ecc.) o di ancoraggio dei rivestimenti lapidei, per l’individuazione delle soluzioni di continuità nell’orditura (ammorsamento tra murature d’ambito e/o partizioni interne), per la valutazione delle condizioni e dello stato di conservazione del manufatto in generale. Tramite l’indagine termografica è inoltre possibile visualizzare elementi strutturali, quali archi di scarico, pilastri, piattabande inglobate nella struttura, centinature di coperture voltate, ammorsature tra le strutture con tessiture e materiali diversi.

- by Abdelhakim Bendada and +1
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- Engineering, Heat Transfer, Polyethylene, Temperature Distribution

Understanding infrared thermography reading 7 all

- by Charlie Chong
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- Infrared Thermography, Infrared thermography NDT testing

Construction progress monitoring has been perceived as one of the key factors that prompt the achievement of a construction project. However, assessing the progress is time consuming, costly and obliges specialized personnel to reduce disagreements and approximate the actual performance to the original plan as close as possible. Image processing is a promising method that has been developed for automated monitoring of construction projects. It has attracted increasing attention for progress monitoring, quality assurance and work space analyses. Nonetheless, remarkable drawbacks still remain in image processing, particularly for outdoor environment such as construction progress monitoring. The principle downside of image processing goes back to the image resolution. Ambient lightning condition significantly affects the image quality which does affect the accuracy of data, extracted from related images. Much research strives to reduce the level of errors for data extraction but so far...

Background: The current availability of advanced remote sensing technologies in the field of landslide analysis allows for rapid and easily updatable data acquisitions, improving the traditional capabilities of detection, mapping and monitoring, as well as optimizing fieldwork and investigating hazardous or inaccessible areas, while granting at the same time the safety of the operators. Among Earth Observation (EO) techniques in the last decades optical Very High Resolution (VHR) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery represent very effective tools for these implementations, since very high spatial resolution can be obtained by means of optical systems, and by the new generations of sensors designed for interferometric applications. Although these spaceborne platforms have revisiting times of few days they still cannot match the spatial detail or time resolution achievable by means of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) Digital Photogrammetry (DP), and ground-based devices, such as Ground-Based Interferometric SAR (GB-InSAR), Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and InfraRed Thermography (IRT), which in the recent years have undergone a significant increase of usage, thanks to their technological development and data quality improvement, fast measurement and processing times, portability and cost-effectiveness. In this paper the potential of the abovementioned techniques and the effectiveness of their synergic use is explored in the field of landslide analysis by analyzing various case studies, characterized by different slope instability processes, spatial scales and risk management phases.
Results: Spaceborne optical Very High Resolution (VHR) and SAR data were applied at a basin scale for analysing
shallow rapid-moving and slow-moving landslides in the emergency management and post- disaster phases,
demonstrating their effectiveness for post-disaster damage assessment, landslide detection and rapid mapping, the
definition of states of activity and updating of landslide inventory maps. The potential of UAV-DP for very high
resolution periodical checks of instability phenomena was explored at a slope-scale in a selected test site; two
shallow landslides were detected and characterized, in terms of areal extension, volume and temporal evolution.
The combined use of GB-InSAR, TLS and IRT ground based methods, was applied for the surveying, monitoring and
characterization of rock slides, unstable cliffs and translational slides. These applications were evaluated in the
framework of successful rapid risk scenario evaluation, long term monitoring and emergency management
activities. All of the results were validated by means of field surveying activities.
Conclusion: The attempt of this work is to give a contribution to the current state of the art of advanced
spaceborne and ground based techniques applied to landslide studies, with the aim of improving and extending
their investigative capacity in the framework of a growing demand for effective Civil Protection procedures in preand
post-disaster initiatives. Advantages and limitations of the proposed methods, as well as further fields of
applications are evaluated for landslide-prone areas

- by Emanuele Intrieri and +2
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- Remote Sensing, Slope Stability, Environmental Monitoring, Thermography

This is a preview (buy the whole ebook with 75% discount on printed edition at http://www.saige.it/Details.aspx?id=41) of a rich handbook (over 300 pages in original printed edition, much more in this ebook) about thermography applied to sector of building, that approaches the technique both from a theoric and practical point of view. Thermography is explained with a lot of thermal images as examples for physical consequences of formulae, and case histories of several kind of inspections are developed, from moisture and mold, to thermal bypass, to water infiltrations, to façade delamination, to building energy efficiency and construction defects. Every source of errors in measuring surface temperature with thermography is described in detail with rich examples, so that book is unvaluable for the beginner but interesting too for the skilled. Both European (EN) that USA (ASTM) technical standards are described in detail, with guidelines for evaluation of gravity for thermal insulation weakness in buildings. A chapter is dedicated to describing technical characteristics of thermal cameras and software, so the beginner may understand data sheets before buying a thermal imaging system. Two chapters are dedicated to blower door test and his synergy with thermography, with explanation of standards and case histories. The last chapter treats of heat flux meter and measuring of thermal transmittance in situ, making the book a complete text for nondestructive energy efficiency tests for building.
Davide Lanzoni, engineer, level 3 in thermography, is owner of SAIGE (www.saige.it), and perform both thermographic inspections in building and electrical, and training courses for certification in level 1 and level 2.

- by Davide Lanzoni
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- Renewable Energy, Energy, Sustainable Building Design, Energy Efficiency Buildings

This research aims to evaluate if thermography can detect an increment to the
temperature field, which characterizes the presence of failures due to contact fatigue in
cylindrical gears of spurs, from its face. The motivation arose from the study on Tribology,
where it was found that the emergence of failures in machine elements, has as one of its main
characteristics the increase of friction and consequent heat generation. The research is classified
as applied, quantitative, explanatory, experimental and bibliographical. The methodology used
used a bench of tests previously designed for thermographic tests, composed of the following
mechanical elements: electric motor controlled by frequency inverter, vibration dampers,
shafts, bearings, thermal insulation and gears. Thermal tests were carried out from the frame of
the pinion, where temperature values were measured from its face for the following operating
conditions: with and without lubrication in the absence of failures (reference conditions), and
with and without lubrication with the implementation of failures (failure status). Anomalies
were inserted in order to reproduce problems due to contact fatigue wear in a controlled
environment scenario, relative to ambient temperature, relative humidity, engine speed, wind
speed, reflected temperature and emissivity. As results, temperature values were defined for the
reference conditions, where the condition in which the gear couple was lubricated, presented a
lower heat generation and lower temperature variations between the experiments. For the fault
state, the collected data of temperature resemble the reference conditions, not showing a
disturbance to the thermal field due to the presence of the anomalies. Therefore, it is concluded
that it is possible to calibrate via quantitative (active and passive) thermography for cylindrical
gears of straight teeth in a laboratory environment, but this was not shown to be feasible in
detecting the defects inserted in the surface of the teeth.

- by Wanderley Amorim and +1
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- Infrared Thermography, Infrared thermography NDT testing

Aerial thermography is one of the least utilized archaeological prospection methods, yet it has great potential for detecting anthropogenic anomalies. Thermal infrared radiation is absorbed and reemitted at varying rates by all objects on and within the ground depending upon their density, composition, and moisture content. If an area containing archaeological features is recorded at the moment when their thermal signatures most strongly contrast with that of the surrounding matrix, they can be visually identified in thermal images.
Research conducted in the 1960s and 1970s established a few basic rules for conducting thermal survey, but the expense associated with the method deterred most archaeologists from using this technology. Subsequent research was infrequent and almost exclusively appeared in the form of case studies. However, as the current proliferation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and compact thermal cameras draws renewed attention to aerial thermography as an attractive and exciting form of survey, it is appropriate and necessary to reevaluate our approach.
In this thesis I have taken a two-pronged approach. First, I built upon the groundwork of earlier researchers and created an experiment to explore the impact that different environmental and climatic conditions have on the success or failure of thermal imaging. I constructed a test site designed to mimic a range of archaeological features and imaged it under a variety of conditions to compare and contrast the results. Second, I explored a new method for processing thermal data that I hope will lead to a means of reducing noise and increasing the clarity of thermal images. This step was done as part of a case study so that the effectiveness of the processing method could be evaluated by comparison with the results of other geophysical surveys.

Active thermography methods enable structural investigations of reinforced concrete elements taking into account many different testing problems. The goal of this review is to provide an overview on the state-of-the-art regarding the use of active infrared thermography (IRT) for detection and characterization of defects in reinforced concrete. The paper will provide the physical background, equipment being used, as well as post-processing methods that are used to analyse sequences of thermograms. This work also presents the fields of applicability of IRT with a focus on the aspects related to reinforced concrete structures, as well as the advantages, limitations and potential sources of errors of IRT employment. Additionally previous non-destructive testing (NDT) studies that employed thermography techniques with natural excitation are briefly presented. A review of the future trends of thermal imaging are also included in this work. It can be concluded that while IRT is a useful tool for the characterisation of defects in the building sector, there is great prospect for the development of more advanced, effective and accurate approaches that will employ a combination of thermography approaches.

In this study, the investigation on lock-in infrared thermography was done for the detection and estimation of artificial subsurface defects size and depth in stainless steel sample. The experimental and the finite element analysis were performed at several excitation frequencies to interrogate the sample ranging from 0.182 down to 0.021 Hz. A finite element model using ‘ANSYS 14.0’used to completely simulate the lock-in thermography. The four point method was used in post processing of every pixel of thermal images using the MATLAB programming language. A signal to noise ratio analysis was performed on both phase and amplitude images in each excitation frequency to determine the optimum frequency. The relationship of the phase value with respect to excitation frequency and defect depths was examined. Amplitude image was quantitatively analyzed using Vision Assistant, a special tool in LABVIEW program to acquire the defects size. The phase image was used to calculate the defects depth considering the thermal diffusivity of the material and the excitation frequency for which the defects become visible. A finite element analysis result was found to have good correlation with experimental result and thus demonstrated potentiality in quantification of subsurface defects.

- by K. Kang and +1
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- Image Processing, Finite Element Analysis (FEA), Infrared Thermography, Signal - to - noise ratio
- by Christopher Udoye
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- Dentistry, Thermography, Humans, Body Temperature

In this work, an attempt is made to simulate the skin temperature profile of breasts in the presence of Cysts. For the first time a study comparing the temperature profiles of normal breasts with Breast Cysts is undertaken. Heat transfer mechanism is modelled as the Penne’s Bio-heat equation on 2D breast sections. The equation is solved using the Finite Element Method. The Cysts are simulated for typical depths and sizes. It is observed that for Cysts at depths greater than 𝟓 𝒄𝒎 and of sizes less than 𝟎.𝟓 𝒄𝒎 the effect on the surface temperature is negligible. It is also found that in all configurations surface temperature drops. Cyst of maximum radius when placed closest to the skin surface, the temperature declines the most. Therefore this study seems to help in reducing the false positive rate during screening and in the early diagnosis of breast cancer using infrared imaging.

Objectif : Ceci permet d’introduire, adapter et rediriger le MTC en Belgique.

- by Dr W E I Linn
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- Thermodynamics, French Literature, Acupuncture, Entropy

A new concept of visual and virtual instrumentation based on infrared analysis of thermoelastic stress is presented in this paper. The parts of the construction where the highest tension occur are determined by the thermal analysis. It is... more

- by Predrag Dasic
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- Infrared Thermography