Japanese Culture Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

In this completed draft I explore the ways in which gagaku, Japanese Imperial Court music, is deemed as other and not a part of Japanese culture. Utilizing the concepts of place as advanced by Jeff Malpas and practice as advanced by Todd May and Noel Carroll, I argue that scholarly narratives have contained gagaku in several counterfactual ways and try to undo those appraoches by seeing gagaku as a practice. (Please also see the published version of this paper above.)

- by Elisa Gasti
- •
- Sociology, Food Science, Sociology of Food and Eating, Environmental Sustainability

パーソン論批判を根底からやり直した力作。パーソンに対比されるべき「ペルソナ」の概念を提出した。関係性の上に立ち現われるペルソナの尊厳を守るとはどのようなことなのか？

- by Masahiro Morioka
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- Japanese Studies, Japanese Philosophy, Bioethics, Japanese Religions
- by Barbara Geilhorn
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- Japanese Studies, Gender Studies, Japanese Theatre, Noh

The purpose of this article was to explore the police officers' experiences during police vehicle pursuits. Interviews of 3 US police officers were conducted and the descriptive phenomenological psychological method was used to analyze their naive (unanalyzed) accounts of their lived-experiences. The psychological constituents of the experience of leading a successful chase and capture of a fleeing criminal found are: (1) Alert to Possible Car Chase, (2) Suspect Identified, (3) Anxiety and Excitement About the Chase, (4) Awareness of Primary Chase Role, (5) Radio Coordination with Others to Take Actions to Stop the Suspect, (6) Ongoing Evaluation of Chase Situation and Persistence, (7) Reading the Suspect's Driving Behaviors, (8) Car Chase Transition to a Coordinated Physical Capture, and (9) Making Sense of the Experience through Inquiry. The differences and similarities in Japanese and American police that might influence the research finding's relevance to japan were brought to light. Insights garnered from this study may be useful to police, policy makers, trainers and others interested in emergency and crisis decision-making.

- by Rodger Broomé and +1
- •
- Japanese Studies, Criminal Justice, Japanese Language And Culture, Industrial and Organizational Psychology

TWO-STAGE (DUAL) FUNERARY RITUAL OF JAPAN AND OKINAWA AS A CULTURAL MODEL (Abstract of the Ph.D. Thesis)
Pукопись aвторефератa диссертации на соискание ученой степени кандидата культурологии (специальность 24.00.01 – теория и история культуры, культурология).
Работа выполнена в Секторе «Языки культур» Российского института культурологии. Москва, 2005
Научный руководитель: доктор исторических наук А.Н.Мещеряков
Официальные оппоненты:
доктор филологических наук Т.П. Григорьева
доктор культурологии Т.В. Мордовцева
Ведущая организация – Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет

- by Evgeny Baksheev
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- Cultural Studies, Japanese Studies, Archaeology, Southeast Asian Studies

Translation of essay by Mamoru Makino.

Visual and cultural analysis of Meiji shōnen kaiko 明治少年懐古 (Reminiscences of a Meiji youth, 1944), an illustrated book that nostalgically recalls Japan's late nineteenth and early twentieth century period of modernization. The book is in the Pulverer Collection of Japanese illustrated books of the Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC and is featured on The World of the Japanese Illustrated Book website. My commentary, along with a complete set of readable images of the book, may be found here: http://pulverer.si.edu/node/440/title/1.

- by Alicia Volk
- •
- Japanese Studies, Visual Studies, Prints, Print Culture

In the 1960s and early 1970s a wave of Japanese programs were broadcast on Australian television. Among these were anime such as Astro Boy, Gigantor and Kimba the White Lion. For Australian viewers of these programs the Japanese connection was not obvious. However, in contrast and airing around the same time was the black and white series The Samurai (Onmitsu kenshi or The Spy Swordsman
in Japanese). Clearly Japanese, it was a chambara-type period drama complete with samurai and ninja battling it out in the streets and countryside of Edo Period Japan and featuring backdrops of villages, shrines and castles. The Samurai was extremely popular, attracting a large audience of Australian viewers. However, the show also attracted controversy and criticism from the public. The show and the reaction is created provides an opportunity to explore and comment on an aspect of Australian social history and Australia’s relationship with Japan that has hitherto attracted very little academic commentary or research. In this paper, I argue that The Samurai as an
early form of transnational popular culture, introduced a type of ‘exotic cool’ that spectacularly disrupted postwar Australia’s perception of Japan as a former wartime enemy.

- by David Chapman
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- Asian Studies, Japanese Studies, Japanese History, Japanese Cinema

Kyoto people have an expression, 'kidaore'. If you kidaore, you dress to destruction: you spend all of your money on clothing and fashion. How we dress and represent ourselves is integral to our cultural identity but dress is more than merely a visual representation of self. A sensory approach to dress and textiles reveals that not only do they embody memory and knowledge of cultural practices, but can also convey traditional morals, expectations and roles. The concept of kidaore highlights the importance of dress and textiles for Kyoto people; Kyoto is considered by Japanese to be the cultural heart of Japan, thereby illustrating the wider significance of the textile and fashion industry. Fashion throughout much of Japanese history has provided a codified communication of status, class and rank, but it has also been shown to mould and refine the body within. In the 21st century, Kyoto designers continue to link the present with the past by using traditional designs and manufacturing methods. By combining contemporary functionality with these long-established designs and technologies, they produce the latest cutting-edge fashions. This paper will examine three contemporary Kyoto fashion labels—Pagong, Sou Sou and Kyoto Denim—to consider how their designs, informed by the embodied practices of the past, act as a self-conscious vehicle for the expression of Japanese culture, communicating both traditional and renegotiated meanings.

- by Jenny Hall
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- Japanese Studies, Anthropology of Dress, Textiles, Japanese Language And Culture

「沈黙」刊行５０年記念国際シンポジウム全記録

Panel discussion: Katō Muneya, Seirai Yūichi, Matsuda Mio, Van C. Gessel, Justyna W. Kasza

In this paper, I analyse the regional strategy of luxury Japanese cosmetics brands to investigate the claim to Japanisation of Asia. I begin by examining the emergence of pan-Asian advertising of Japanese cosmetic brands. I then turn my attention from advertising to the brands and demonstrate how an emphasis on brands changes the way in which we understand this regional phenomenon. I analyse the different ways that a brand engages consumers and argue for a sober assessment of the relative importance of advertising (and salience of image of country-of-origin) in the overall branding process. I then follow the regional circulation of Japanese brands and media contents, both of which can no longer be understood coherently in a national framework such as Japanisation. I argue that globalisation of advertising in Asia is a complex process that is shaped by a disjunctive flow of media contents and large multinational corporations and that a more pronounced focus on brands will help to make sense of this process.

- by Masafumi Monden
- •
- Japanese Culture, Ballet, Beauty, Costume

This paper will be talking about the life and works of Hayao Miyazaki. It will provide an in-depth review of some of his most popular films. The review will include some important cultural values in Japan and how they are reflected in the films. It will show how Miyazaki has included some of his personal criticism about the problems of Japan during the time of the production of his movies like environmental disasters, civil wars and etc. The paper mainly focuses on environmental disasters. Some of the limitations may include not being able to review all of the aspects of every single film because of the lack of resources.

- by Cem Baştüzel
- •
- Culture, Turkish Culture, Japanese Culture, Hayao Miyazaki

This book investigates the genealogy of the Yakeato (焼け跡) generation or those Japanese, who experienced the final stage of the war during their adolescent period. The book investigates generational issues of disenfranchised people emerging from the aftermath of the Asia–Pacific War along the lines of other minorities such as Koreans in Japan (migrants or forced labourers), Burakumin, Hibakusha, Okinawans, Asian minorities, comfort women and many others. Several of these groups have been discussed in a large corpus of what we may call ‘disenfranchised literature’, and the research presented in this book intends to add an additional and particularly controversial example to the long list of the voice- and powerless. The presence of members of what is known as the yakeato sedai (焼け跡世代) or the generation of people who experienced the fire-bombings of the Asia–Pacific War is conspicuous in all areas of contemporary Japan. From literature to the visual arts, from music to theater, from architecture to politics, their influence and in many cases guiding principles is evident everywhere and in many cases forms the keystone of modern Japanese society and culture.

In the last decade or so, the relationship between Tokugawa military culture and modern Japanese corporate culture has been used to justify the publication of a small library of translations, popularizations, and bastardizations of works of samurai strategy and philosophy, generally presented with a contemporary " how to get ahead in business " gloss. Curiously, this boomlet hasn't made a dent in the common western stereotype of Japanese conformity and lack of innovation-often held to be a natural result of the three hundred year peace enforced by that same shogunate. But the whole idea of " getting ahead " would seem to run entirely counter to the notion of " enforced conformity. " Or would it? That's the double-bind at the heart of Eiko Ikegami's book, and she succeeds amazingly well at depicting the considerably subtler historical patterns that have given rise to these narrow characterizations. Rather than focussing on a particular work or period or phenomenon, Ikegami examines the millenium long " cultural transformation " of the samurai. Along the way, she makes a number of points with broad implications that are of interest to people other than Japan specialists and sociologists-in some of the most fluid academic prose this reader has encountered in some time. As the title has it, she is primarily interested in the notion of " honorific individualism, " particularly that of the warrior. Ikegami convincingly demonstrates that however masked this value may seem in the late Tokugawa era, from the Heian period forward, it was the core of samurai self-definition, and by extension, a core element of the later Tokugawa political and cultural synthesis. This work also adds to our understanding of the similarities-and some key differences-between early feudal and vassalage structures in Europe and Japan. Likewise, she points out some surprising correspondences between the values of the early samurai and contemporary Mediterranean and Chicano " honor cultures. " But by placing these elements in context, she also shows how the interplay between the samurai " honor culture, " historical patterns of land ownership, contemporaneous patterns of local and regional government and taxation, and formal institutions of inheritance of both property and social status all played major roles in the process of Tokugawa state formation. Most importantly, she never forgets that she is tracing the development of a dynamic process. Where previous scholars have often relied on primary documents such as legal codes and didactic essays, generally to illustrate the shining virtue of the samuari, Ikegami fleshes out her argument with contemporaneous accounts of actual incidents. The effect is often to remind us that laws are not made because of uniform civil order,

- by Fred Little
- •
- Japanese Language And Culture, Martial Arts, Japanese History, Japanese Culture

Until around 400 years ago, the Ainu controlled Hokkaido, the northernmost of Japan's four main islands. Today the Ainu are a small minority group in Japan and are primarily a hunting and fishing people whose origins remain in dispute. Yet, for centuries, the Ainu culture developed alongside Japanese culture, but is distinctive from that of the Japanese. However, in recent centuries, particularly since the 1889 Hokkaido Former Aborigines Protection Law, they have been subject to Japanese government policies of modernization and integration. As with indigenous peoples of Canada and the United States, the Ainu have had the majority of their sacred lands taken from them by the Japanese government.

The paper deals with the topic of theoretical and methodological approaches towards Shinto and nationalism in Japan.

- by Jakub Havlicek
- •
- Japanese Studies, Japanese Religions, Japan, History of Religion in Modern Japan
- by Funada Yoshiyuki
- •
- Japanese Studies, Chinese Studies, Japanese History, Islam in China

This paper concerns the analysis of transformative repair in ceramics using concepts of affect. The traditional Japanese craft of kintsugi, the repair of ceramics using urushi lacquer and gold or silver, is described and its techniques and historical relation to the Japanese tea ceremony discussed. Kintsugi is shown to demonstrate the propensity of repaired objects to embody dual perceptions of catastrophe and amelioration. Concepts of affect from the philosophers Giles Deleuze and Félix Guattari are used to illuminate these relationships and show how material capacities facilitate the movement of affects as forces that move through domestic objects and into sensation. Their concept of affect working in speeds and durations is discussed in regard to the sensory characteristics of cracks and their repair. The perception of kintsugi is explored using the concept of micro- and macropolitical expression, which broadens the analysis towards an understanding of traditional Japanese cultural sensitivities as a response to the breaking forces of geological phenomena, such as earthquakes, of which kintsugi ceramics, within the framework of this paper, are considered a material expression.
I conclude the paper by contextualizing the craft of kintsugi to the broader field of transformative repair, and discuss contemporary works and modes of transformative repair in relation to kintsugi. This includes a discussion of my own ceramic works Archaeologic (2011–2015) that deploy kintsugi techniques with the use of photoluminescent pigment in order to potentialize an awareness of contemporary ecological issues. I make a few comments concerning the significance of kintsugi, as a culturally and ecologically embedded practice, to contemporary practitioners of transformative repair.

- by Guy Keulemans
- •
- Japanese History, Product Design, Environmental Sustainability, Experimental Design

Японские боевые искусства в русскоязычной литературе xix – начала xx веков Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются основные публикации, вышедшие в XIX – XX веках в Российской Империи, в которых упоминаются японские боевые искусства. Знакомство с японскими боевыми искусствами происходило параллельно знакомству с культурой и историей Японии. Первые упоминания о японских боевых искусствах можно встретить уже в записках капитана Головнина, изданных в 1818 году. Спектр рассмотренных публикаций включает научные и журнальные статьи, мемуары исторических личностей, русские переводы иностранной учебной и научно-популярной литературы. При написании статьи использовались основные ме-тоды исторического исследования: историко-генетический и историко-типологический, также использовался источниковедческий анализ. Статья призвана внести вклад в изучение истории японских боевых искусств в России, истории российского спорта, рукопашного боя и отечественного востоковедения. В статье отражен интерес дореволюционной русскоязычной публики к японским боевым искусствам и культуре в целом, а также этапы накопления практических и теоретических знаний в этой области. Отдельные печатные источники впервые использованы в качестве исторического материала для изучения рассматриваемого вопроса.

- by Anton Lestev
- •
- Japanese Studies, Social and Cultural Anthropology, Martial Arts, Military culture

Abstrak Manzai dan rakugo yang awalnya merupakan ritual keagamaan di Jepang berubah menjadi kesenian yang bersifat menghibur dan sekuler. Kesenian ini kemudian dikembangkan oleh ahli dan peminat manzai dan rakugo sehingga terbentuk kesenian yang modern. Namun kesenian modern ini berkembang tidak di kalangan elit atau high class pada masyarakat Jepang melainkan pada masyarakat kebanyakan. Berkembangnya manzai dan rakugo pada kalangan bawah ini membuatnya menjadi budaya populer pada masyarakat Jepang. Berdasarkan konsep budaya massa yang merupakan bagian dari budaya populer sebagai mana dikemukakan oleh Sugimoto diketahui bahwa budaya populer manzai dan rakugo dapat berkembang pesat karena dinikmati oleh masyarakat secara luas dan dikelola secara profesional sehingga dapat menjangkau masyakarat yang lebih luas tidak hanya di dunia nyata bahkan merebak sampai ke dunia maya. Kata Kunci: manzai, rakugo, budaya massa, modern.

- by Rima Devi
- •
- Japanese Literature and Culture, Japanese Culture
- by Guido Tavassi
- •
- Film Studies, Animation, Japanese Anime, Japanese History

A pesquisa analisou as possíveis influências visuais que levaram os membros da máfia japonesa Yakuza a selecionarem o repertório de suas tatuagens. Com a verificação da recorrência das principais iconografias encontradas como dragões, peônias e flores de cerejeira, a pesquisa se concentrou em mostrar a relevância dos designs das tatuagens dos yakuzas em diálogo com os padrões tradicionais da arte japonesa no ukiyo-e e no baralho hanafuda. A busca pelas fontes da iconografia revelou a circulação e a transferência de imagens entre a China e o Japão, aspecto que se tornou latente após a grande verificação de elementos chineses como o dragão e a peônia presentes nas tatuagens dos gângsteres. Desse modo, pôde-se concluir, a partir da iconografia das tatuagens da Yakuza, a conexão entre a estética japonesa que possui grande influência da China.

- by Karina Takiguti
- •
- Asian Studies, Japanese Studies, Iconography, Art History

Изразителността в японската култура: Изследване на явлението локуси на концентрирана образност наблюдавани в езика, музиката и поезията Стела Живкова 1 ОСАКСКИ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ Автор Стела Тодорова Живкова Тема Изразителността в японската култура: Изследване на явлението локуси на концентрирана образност наблюдавани в езика, музиката и поезията АВТОРЕФЕРАТ НА ДИСЕРТАЦИЯ ЗА ПРИСЪЖДАНЕ НА ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛНАТА И НАУЧНА СТЕПЕН "ДОКТОР" Научен ръководител Проф. Казуми Негиши Осака, 2005

- by Stella Zhivkova
- •
- Japanese Culture, Kakekotoba, Japanese Koto Music, Bunraku Shamisen Music

O presente artigo propõe-se a analisar criticamente o livro A
psique japonesa – grandes temas dos contos de fadas japoneses,
escrito pelo psicólogo analítico japonês Hayao Kawai. Após uma contextualização do autor e de sua obra, que objetivou transformar a psicologia analítica em um corpo de pensamento e práxis que pudesse se apropriar da mente japonesa, realiza-se um breve exame crítico da obra do psicólogo japonês e de sua formulação teórica.

- by Ludmila Pires
- •
- Jungian psychology, Japanese Culture, Japanese Psychology, Psicologia Analitica
- by Feodor Kubasov
- •
- Japanese Culture, Anthropology of Dreams and Dreaming

This dissertation project investigates the transcultural encounters of Japanese avant-garde calligraphers of the 1950s and 60s with the contemporaneous Euroamerican abstract artists. It is based on the analysis of the activity and works of the prominent Japanese avant-garde calligraphy group Bokujinkai ("People of the Ink") headed by Morita Shiryū (1912-1998), Inoue Yūichi (1916-1985) and other calligraphers.

Rethinking at Noël Burch’s To the Distant Observer, one thing that is worthwhile underlining is that, following the spread of the latest technology aimed at media consumption and telecommunications, today the distance evoked by the American scholar has grown thinner. Undoubtedly, the digital revolution has had a considerable impact on Japanese cinema at the level of production and distribution processes, but new technologies played an even more crucial part in redefining the image of Japanese cinema abroad. This new image is very bright, colorful and striking, consistent with a Japan that is no more seen as only a tradition-keeper, but also a pioneer and exacerbator of pop trends. Yet, all things considered, it is equally partial and not necessarily in contradiction with deeply-rooted images of Japan and Japanese cinema. Moreover, it would appear that following this new condition of global proximity Japanese cinema itself is changing. For instance, tts new “pictorial” approach in manga adaptations is erasing part of the cultural odor closely connected to cinema’s photographic nature, but it shows traces of a new odor as well. This belongs to the two-dimensional “anime fantasy-scape” which we may consider as equally Japanese. Nevertheless, as manga aesthetics is becoming a shared heritage, things are evolving also in the global cinema context.

- by Giacomo Calorio
- •
- Digital Media, Audience and Reception Studies, Japanese Cinema, Cinema

十六世紀半ばから十七世初頭にかけ、日本イエズス会により、日本語の教理書が出版されたということは周知の通りだ。世俗のヨーロッパ文学である『イソップ物語』の和訳、そして天草版『平家物語』、『太平記抜書』の存在もよく知られている。しかし、日本語で書かれたオリジナルのキリスト教説話が現存するということは案外知られていない。近年、このテキスト群を「異文化接触」というレベルで取り上げた研究が現れているが、漢訳仏典や漢籍の影響を受けた『日本霊異記』『今昔物語集』などとは対照的に、室町末期にラテン語文脈から国語に翻案されたキリスト教文学は、残念ながらこれまで国文学として扱われてこなかった。その理由をここで詳しくは追究できないが、日本精神というものが（漢文脈との関連性ではある程度まで認められている一方で）キリスト教との関係性については根本的に異質で相容れないものと一般的には理解されていることが、その背景にあると考えられる。しかし、キリスト教説話を聞いた織豊期の日本人がこのように日本精神とキリスト教を両極的なものとして捉えていたということは、資料からは読み取れない。本稿では、キリスト教も日本精神も信仰していない筆者が日本中世キリスト教の代表的な説話集をバレト写本という資料の中から取り上げ、その原典が何であったかを明らかにし、さらに、同時代の日本文学との関係性を探る。その結果、この説話集は当時の武士階級によって評価された軍記・語り物文学、取り分け幸若舞と最も関連性が深いということを示す。

- by Patrick Schwemmer
- •
- Christianity, Japanese Studies, Latin Literature, Print Culture

京都学派の哲学者たちは、後の現象学的身体論を先取りするような身体観を提示した。本稿は、こうした京都学派の身体論の生成と展開を西田幾多郎や田辺元のテキストに沿って内在的に読解しながら、その本来の近代認識論批判の立場（日本的「身体論」）が文化本質主義的イデオロギー（「日本的身体」論）へと転じる機制を明らかにした。そのうえで、20世紀後半になって古典芸能の身体性や世阿弥の能楽論を安易に「日本文化」に還元して解釈する「日本的身体」論が横行する言説状況が到来したことを批判した。
The Kyoto School philosophers, Nishida Kitaro, Tanabe Hajime, etc., produced theoretical discourses of the body in 1930's, which foreran Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of the body. This paper reveals the process of their discussion and examines how those metaphysical debates on the body that appeared in modern Japan(日本的「身体論」) fell into cultural essentialism(「日本的身体」論).

- by Taro Yokoyama
- •
- Japanese Philosophy, Noh, Phenomenology of the body, Body in Performance

In Nancy E. Green and Christopher Reed, eds., JapanAmerica: Points of Contact, 1876-1976 (Ithaca, NY: Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University, 2016), 66-87.

- by Alicia Volk
- •
- Modern History, Cultural History, Diplomatic History, Cultural Studies

Resumen: En el presente trabajo se estudiará la tensión como vehículo narrativo de la acción en el relato de Miyazaki y su forma de representación a través de los personajes femeninos y la Naturaleza. Mediante el análisis textual de los... more

- by Lorenzo J Torres Hortelano and +1
- •
- Japanese Studies, Film Studies, Japanese Language And Culture, Japanese Anime

This paper looks beyond the ‘media mix’ to explore some different ways of thinking about ‘transmedia’ in Japanese videogames. I examine several games and genres as artworks that pass through and across different mediums – of space, art, hardware and authorial roles – to tell their stories. Apart from the grand narrative arcs of the JRPG, I consider the shooter and fighting genre as well as action-adventure to show storytelling in different media forms, since story and characterization occur at different points of the gameplay process in different narrative modes.
Japanese games tell stories about universal human concerns, but also address anxieties situated in a particular time and space. I will examine Japanese anxieties over bioethics in the mid-1990s as a case study of transmedia storytelling in Japanese games – one vision refracted through many different artistic forms. My overall argument is that the chaotic and disjointed nature of Japan’s historical consciousness in the twentieth century demands a refracted vision, which videogames are perhaps best suited to provide.

- by Rachael Hutchinson
- •
- Japanese Studies, Game studies, Media Studies, New Media