Ore deposits Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Pb-Zn barite, celestite, florite, celestobarite, fluorite Ore Deposits in Tunisia (North Africa) , Jurassic, Cretcaceous, Triassic Salt diapris Jebel El Kohol, Jebel Stah, Jebel Mecella, Hammam Zriba, Jebel Guebli, Fedj el Adoum, Fej... more

Pb-Zn barite, celestite, florite, celestobarite, fluorite Ore Deposits in Tunisia (North Africa) , Jurassic, Cretcaceous, Triassic Salt diapris
Jebel El Kohol, Jebel Stah, Jebel Mecella, Hammam Zriba, Jebel Guebli, Fedj el Adoum, Fej Lahdoum, Bou Jaber, Fluid inclusion stable isotopes (sulphur, carbon, oxygen) Metallogeneis

Economically viable chromite deposit occurrences are widespread in the ultramafic rocks of Semail ophiolite massifs of the northern Oman Mountains, particularly in the basal dunite and harzburgite unit of the mantle section. Geological... more

Economically viable chromite deposit occurrences are widespread in the ultramafic rocks of Semail ophiolite
massifs of the northern Oman Mountains, particularly in the basal dunite and harzburgite unit of the mantle
section. Geological mapping of this region is challenging, primarily due to difficult access, complexity of
structures, and lack of resolution and areal integrity of lithological differentiation using conventional mapping
techniques. The present research study evaluates the discrimination and occurrence of chromites bearing
mineralized zones within ophiolites by analyzing the capabilities of Landsat TM and Advanced Spaceborne
Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite data; using a number of selected methods
including decorrelated stretching, different band rationing and Principal Component Analysis image processing
techniques exist in the scientific literature. The study results show that the processed VNIR and SWIR spectral
wavelength regions are promising in detecting the areas of potential chromite bearing mineralized zones within
the ophiolite region, and proved to be successful formapping of serpentinized harzburgite containing chromites.
Exploration geologists, industrialists andmine owners are advised to adopt this technique and avoid the limits in
filed data alone formore exploration and exploitation of areas having chromite deposits in arid region elsewhere.

Los depósitos epitermales se caracterizan por estar a profundidades entre 1 a 2 kilómetros y ser yacimientos de metales preciosos, donde la mineralización es producto de fluidos hidrotermales calientes con temperaturas entre 100-320°C. La... more

Los depósitos epitermales se caracterizan por estar a profundidades entre 1 a 2 kilómetros y ser yacimientos de metales preciosos, donde la mineralización es producto de fluidos hidrotermales calientes con temperaturas entre 100-320°C. La mineralización es principalmente de Au y Ag con sulfuros de metales base como Cu, Pb y Zn. Se distinguen dos tipos químicos de fluidos (ver figura 1): los de baja sulfuración (BS) que son una mezcla de aguas meteóricas que percolan al subsuelo y aguas magmáticas derivadas de roca fundida a gran profundidad que han ascendido a la superficie, y los de alta sulfuración (AS) derivados de una fuente magmática que ha depositado metales cerca de las superficie cuando el fluido se enfría o mezcla con aguas meteóricas (Maksaev, 2001). Fig. 1. Modelo simplificado para los depósitos de alta, intermedia y baja sulfuración (Sillitoe, 1995; González, 2008). Asociados a volcanismo terciario con rocas de carácter alcalino, estos depósitos se presentan principalmente en zonas de borde continental activos con zonas de subducción, en dos tipos de

Forward This volume records the proceedings of a conference held at the University of New England in November 2010 that follows on a tradition of New England geology symposiums held in 1982, 1988, 1993 and 1999. It has been 10 years... more

Reservoir-infiltration uranium deposits («sandstone» type) today are the main active source of uranium mineral raw materials in the world and the only one in Kazakhstan. Their main advantage in the form of better environmental... more

Reservoir-infiltration uranium deposits («sandstone» type) today are the main active source of
uranium mineral raw materials in the world and the only one in Kazakhstan. Their main advantage in the form of
better environmental friendliness, productivity and minimum production costs creates prospects for their further
detection in various parts of the world. It is important to simplify and improve multi-stage, expensive and difficult
geological exploration works for the purpose of forecasting and searching them with affordable innovative solutions.
The available multispectral satellite imagery has opened up new opportunities for the study of uranium ore
provinces. Mapping of uranium ore provinces based on multispectral satellite imagery allows them to be compared
with certain key ore-controlling data from geological and geophysical studies. The near-surface visible nature of
geotectonic structures, climatic conditions and zonal anomalies are more easily and efficiently visualized using
modern space technologies and computer solutions. The explanation of the derived correlations with the geotectonic
and climatic conditions allows the use of multispectral images in order to simplify and improve the quality of
forecasting, prospecting and exploration of reservoir-infiltration uranium deposits. More advanced aerial and space
remote sensing methods make it possible to detect surface anomalies associated with this type of ore. The scientific
explanation of the nature of these anomalies and their role in the geological and genetic model of ore formation
creates a solid theoretical basis for improving the exploration methodology. The convergence of the results obtained,
their theoretical explanation, simplicity and convincingness of the results make it possible to make new predictions
of promising areas of reservoir-infiltration uranium regions for several of the key ore-controlling factors and use this
methodology in conjunction with other data from regional and local studies at all stages of exploration

Yacimientos de reemplazo metasomático (también llamados metamórficos hidrotermales, metamórficos ígneos, metamórficos de contacto, pirometasomáticos), en los cuales se han introducido cantidades de Si, Al, Fe y Mg. Las rocas se... more

Yacimientos de reemplazo metasomático (también llamados metamórficos hidrotermales, metamórficos ígneos, metamórficos de contacto, pirometasomáticos), en los cuales se han introducido cantidades de Si, Al, Fe y Mg. Las rocas se caracterizan por contener minerales calcosilicatados de Ca, Fe, Mg y Mn; como granate (andradita, grosularia, almandino), diópsido, wollastonita, tremolita-actinolita, scheelita, smectita (arcilla), clorita, epidota, talco, entre otros. La mineralización metálica asociada puede ser de W, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sn, Fe-Ca menor Au-Ag (Townley, 2001).

Ore deposits: Mt Isa Inlier

Mining traditions in Bytom-Tarnowskie Góry region date back to the 12th century when shallow deposits of ore resources were discovered here. These were especially rich in silver as well as lead and zinc ores. The particularly intensive... more

Mining traditions in Bytom-Tarnowskie Góry region date back to the 12th century when shallow deposits of
ore resources were discovered here. These were especially rich in silver as well as lead and zinc ores. The particularly
intensive development of this type of mining took place in the late 18th century, under the Prussian government,
when due to the increasing demands for raw material and due to the improvement of production methods,
mining activities were intensified. The purpose of this article is to collect historical facts relating to the extraction
of zinc and lead ores in the Bytom-Tarnowskie Góry region from the 18th century to the present day as well as to
provide details related to the mining in spatial perspective. The information collected shows that from the late 18th
century the mining for non-ferrous metal ores covered almost 13.5 km2 in the Tarnowskie Góry area and 40.6 km2
in Bytom area (Fig. 1, 2). At the end of the 20th century the density of pits reached nearly 60 km·km-2 at places,
the total length of the excavation was 872.1 km, and the deepest gates descended to more than 100 m below
ground surface (Fig. 3).

The Belessa kaolin deposit in the western margin of the Central Main Ethiopian Rift was studied using geological, mineralogical, chemical and physical methods to understand its genesis and evaluate its potential suitability for different... more

The Belessa kaolin deposit in the western margin of the Central Main Ethiopian Rift was studied using geological, mineralogical, chemical and physical methods to understand its genesis and evaluate its potential suitability for different industrial applications. X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy were used to establish the mineralogical composition. Bulk chemical compositions were determined using ICP-MS and ICP-AES. The geology of the kaolin district is comprised of Miocene to Quaternary age rhyolite and pyroclastic tuff. The kaolin occurrence is located in the central part of the study area and is associated with rhyolite. The host rock is composed of quartz and alkali feldspar phenocrsyts set in a groundmass of very fine grained quartz, alkali-feldspar and plagioclase. The rhyolite is partially to completely altered to kaolin. The kaolin deposit is composed predominantly of kaolinite and quartz. The kaolinite minerals of the deposit have high structural order. The geological, mineralogical and geochemical studies indicate that supergene alteration played a major role in the formation of the Belessa kaolin deposit. The absence of quartz veining and alteration zones containing high temperature minerals precludes significant hypogene alteration. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) and Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW) also show that the host rock experienced strong alteration and weathering. Furthermore, high Ce+Y+La values correspond to supergene-type alteration. The low P and high Cr+Nb concentrations also support a supergene origin. The physical properties, chemistry, mineralogy and crystal morphology indicate that the Belessa kaolin has potential applications for paper coating, filler (in paper, rubber, plastic and paint), ceramics, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

Bolivia cubre en la parte oriental una región con una superficie de 220,000 km2 que corresponde a una pequeña parte del gran cratón Amazónico con afloramientos de rocas Meso-Proterozoicas (1.8-1.0 Ga). Aproximadamente diez por ciento de... more

Bolivia cubre en la parte oriental una región con una superficie de 220,000 km2 que corresponde a una pequeña parte del gran cratón Amazónico con afloramientos de rocas Meso-Proterozoicas (1.8-1.0 Ga). Aproximadamente diez por ciento de este regolito consiste de “esquistos” de metamorfismo bajo a medio. Investigaciones de los últimos veinticinco años demostraron que estos se presentan en Guarayos y la Chiquitania con características de cinturones de rocas verdes con potencial geológico importante para depósitos de oro orogénico y yacimientos de sulfuros masivos volcanogénicos (VMS). En este contexto el descubrimiento del depósito VMS “Miguela” hace veinte años representa un hallazgo bastante importante en la exploración minera del oriente Boliviano. Está hospedado en una secuencia volcano-sedimentar con afinidad toleítica dentro del cinturón de rocas verdes de Guarayos. Los estudios regionales del pasado no tomaron en cuenta la búsqueda sistemática para este tipo de depósitos, tampoco la aplicación de métodos innovadores de exploración para permitir el descubrimiento de cuerpos mineralizados que no afloran y no dejan rasgos en superficie. Los sulfuros masivos de “Miguela” están ligados a la formación “La Pastora”, que se extiende sobre una distancia de por lo menos doce kilómetros. Los tres lentes mineralizados son ricos en cobre y oro. La mineralización se formó como precipitación submarina e impregnación dentro de los sedimentos y rocas volcánicas con un control por una falla sin-volcánica.

Banded Iron Formations (BIFs), as the name suggests, are chemically precipitated sedimentary rocks having alternating Fe-rich and Si-rich bands. The origin of BIF has always remained a debated topic of research. The BIF in the Badampahar... more

Banded Iron Formations (BIFs), as the name suggests, are chemically precipitated sedimentary rocks having alternating Fe-rich and Si-rich bands. The origin of BIF has always remained a debated topic of research. The BIF in the Badampahar Greenstone Belt is of Mesoarchean age that formed a part of the East Indian Shield. Here, the BIF is interlayered with metavolcanic rocks, quartzite, phyllite, and chert, which indicates a typical greenstone sequence. The present paper focuses a little on the depositional setting of the BIF and mostly on the post-depositional processes, which include formation of iron ores. Geochemical and sedimentological evidences suggest insignificant detrital input in the genesis of BIF and significant chemical precipitation in the deposition. The post-depositional processes involved subsequent stages of deformation, metamorphism, hydrothermal, and supergene processes after deposition. Hydrothermal fluid is found enriched in High Field Strength Elements (HFSEs) and transition elements. This hydrothermal fluid altered the BIF to form titanomagnetite and ilmenite-rich rock in Jashipur. Recycling of BIF magnetite into hematite and removal of silica also attributed to hydrothermal alteration, which ultimately led to form iron ores.

Mata Kuliah Model ENdapan Mineral

Credit to : Kelompok 10

Los depósitos de pórfido ricos en oro en todo el mundo se adaptan bien a un modelo descriptivo generalizado. Este modelo incorpora seis facies principales de alteración hidrotermal y mineralización, las cuales son zonificadas hacia arriba... more

Los depósitos de pórfido ricos en oro en todo el mundo se adaptan bien a un modelo descriptivo generalizado. Este modelo incorpora seis facies principales de alteración hidrotermal y mineralización, las cuales son zonificadas hacia arriba y hacia afuera con respecto al stock del pórfido compuesto de forma cilíndrica encima de los plutones parentales mucho más grandes. Este ambiente intrusivo y su lithocap argílica avanzada superpuesta se extiende aproximadamente 4km verticalmente, un intervalo sobre el cual se observan cambios profundos en el estilo y mineralogía del oro y la mineralización de cobre asociada.

Since the mid-1970s a Bronze Age assemblage of metal objects has been recovered from the seabed off the south Devon coast at Salcombe, southwest England. The assemblage spans two suspected shipwreck events and comprises nearly 400 pieces... more

Since the mid-1970s a Bronze Age assemblage of metal objects has been recovered from the seabed off the south Devon coast at Salcombe, southwest England. The assemblage spans two suspected shipwreck events and comprises nearly 400 pieces of raw materials and finished artefacts, primarily in copper, tin, bronze and gold. Among these are 280 copper and 40 tin ingots, by far the largest discovery of Bronze Age ingots in either metal from northwestern Europe. Research in recent years revealed the microstructural and chemical nature of the ingots and enabled some preliminary conclusions on the metals trade in Europe in the Later Bronze Age. The present study aims to extend this knowledge by determining the tin, copper and lead isotopic compositions of the ingots using HR-MC-ICP-MS. In addition, bronze artefacts (swords, rapiers, palstaves and weights) from the Salcombe site are included in the multi-proxy approach in order to investigate their history and the possible relationships between finished products and ingots. In combination with the available chemical data of previous studies, the current results of the tin metal show that most likely two tin sources in southwest Britain supplied the ore for their production. This also sheds light on Late Bronze Age tin ingots from Israel that share the same geochemical characteristics with one group of the finds from Salcombe. Although the tin in the bronzes is similar to the tin in the ingots, it is not certain that the latter were used to make the bronzes. Correlations of copper and tin isotopes and trace elements of the bronzes point to a mixing or even recycling of copper-tin alloys rather than the alloying of individual components of copper and tin. However, the copper ingots from the assemblage could have been an additional component in the mixing process given their impurity pattern and isotopic composition. At the same time, a close relationship between swords of the Rosnoën type and palstaves from the cargo is disclosed. Lead isotope ratios for their part suggest Sardinian and/or south Spanish copper ores as a source for both the copper ingots and the copper of the bronzes. This would mean long-distance metal trade in the Later Bronze Age in both cases and would provide new insights into the interpretation of the prehistoric networks in Europe.

Porphyry copper deposits result from the complex interactions and feedbacks of many processes. Owing to the complexity, a succinct definition that includes the essential attributes of this deposit class is elusive. Consequently, this... more

Porphyry copper deposits result from the complex interactions and feedbacks of many processes. Owing to the complexity, a succinct definition that includes the essential attributes of this deposit class is elusive. Consequently, this descriptive model uses a working definition of a porphyry copper deposit. A porphyry copper deposit is
1. One wherein copper-bearing sulfides are localized in a network of fracture-controlled stockwork veinlets and as disseminated grains in the adjacent altered rock matrix;
2. Alteration and ore mineralization at 1-4 km depth are genetically related to magma reservoirs emplaced into the shallow crust (6-8+ km), predominantly intermediate to silicic in composition, in magmatic arcs above subduction zones;
3. Intrusive rock complexes that are emplaced immediately before porphyry deposit formation and that host the deposits are predominantly in the form of upright vertical cylindrical stocks and/or complexes of dikes;
4. Zones of phyllic-argillic and marginal propylitic alteration overlapping and surrounding a potassic alteration assemblage; and,
5. Copper may also be introduced during overprinting phyllic-argillic alteration events.

The extractive industries (EI) sector occupies an outsize space in the economies of many developing countries. Economists, public finance professionals, and policy makers working in such countries are frequently confronted with issues... more

The extractive industries (EI) sector occupies an outsize space in the economies of many developing countries. Economists, public finance professionals, and policy makers working in such countries are frequently confronted with issues that require an in-depth understanding of the sector. The objective of this volume is to provide a concise overview of EI-related topics these professionals are likely to encounter. The volume provides an overview of issues central to EI economics; discusses key components of the sector’s governance, policy, and institutional frameworks; and identifies the public sector’s EI-related financing obligations. Its discussion of EI economics covers the valuation of subsoil assets, the economic interpretation of ore, and the structure of energy and mineral markets. The volume maps the responsibilities of relevant government entities and outlines the characteristics of the EI sector’s legal and regulatory frameworks. Specific key functions of the sector are briefly discussed, as are the financial structures that underpin environmental and social safeguards; investment of public revenues generated from oil, gas, or minerals; as well as extractive-based economic diversification. The authors hope that decision makers in ministries of finance, international organizations, and other relevant entities will find the study useful to their understanding and analysis of the EI sector.

The Neoproterozoic peridotite-chromitite complexes in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt, being a part of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, are outcropped along the E–W trend from Wadi Sayfayn, Wadi Bardah, and Jabal Al-Faliq to Wadi... more

The Neoproterozoic peridotite-chromitite complexes in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt, being a part of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, are outcropped along the E–W trend from Wadi Sayfayn, Wadi Bardah, and Jabal Al-Faliq to Wadi Al-Barramiyah, from east to west. Their peridotites are completely serpentinized, and the abundance of bastite after orthopyroxene suggests harzburgite protoliths with subordinate dunites, confirmed by low contents of Al 2 O 3 , CaO and clinopyroxene (b 3 vol%) in bulk peridotites. The primary olivine is Fo89.3– Fo92.6, and the residual clinopyroxene (Cpx) in serpentinites contains, on average, 1.1 wt% Al 2 O 3 , 0.7 wt% Cr 2 O 3 , and 0.2 wt% Na 2 O, similar in chemistry to that in Izu-Bonin-Marian forearc peridotites. The wide range of spinel Cr-number [Cr/(Cr + Al)], 0.41–0.80, with low TiO 2 (0.03 wt%), MnO (0. 3 wt%) and Y Fe [(Fe 3+ /(Cr + Al + Fe 3+) = 0.03 on average)] for the investigated harzburgites-dunites is similar to spinel compositions for arc-related peridotites. The partial melting degrees of Bardah and Sayfayn harzburgites range mainly from 20 to 25% and 25 to 30% melting, respectively; this is confirmed by whole-rock chemistry and Cpx HREE modelling (~20% melting). The Barramiyah peridotite protoliths are refractory residues after a wide range of partial melting, 25–40%, where more hydrous fluids are available from the subducting slab. The Neoproterozoic mantle heterogeneity is possibly ascribed mainly to the wide variations of partial melting degrees in small-scale areas, slab-derived inputs and primordial mantle compositions. The Sayfayn chromitites were possibly crystallized from island-arc basaltic melts, followed by crystallization of Barramiyah chromitites from boninitic melt in the late stage of subduction. The residual Cpx with a spoon-shape REE pattern is rich in both LREE and fluid-mobile elements (e.g., Pb, B, Li, Ba, Sr), but poor in HFSE (e.g., Ta, Nb, Zr, Th), similar to Cpx in supra-subduction zone (SSZ) settings, where slab-fluid metasomatism is a prevalent agent. The studied chromitites and their host peri-dotites represent a fragment of sub-arc mantle, and originated in an arc-related setting. The systematic increase in the volume of chromitite pods with the increasing of their host-peridotite thickness from Northern to Southern Eastern Desert suggests that the thickness of wall rocks is one factor controlling the chromitite size. The factors controlling the size of Neoproterozoic chromitite pods are the thickness, beside the composition, of the host re-fractory peridotites, compositions and volumes of the supplied magmas, the amount of slab-derived fluids, and possibly the partial melting degree of the host peridotites.

Mata Kuliah Model Endapan Mineral

Credit to my team..

Framboids, spherical aggregates of minute, usually pyrite, grains are the commonest texture of sulfides in sedimentary rocks. They also occur in many other environments, ranging from magmatic rocks to antiquarian books. Framboidal... more

Framboids, spherical aggregates of minute, usually pyrite, grains are the commonest texture of sulfides in sedimentary rocks. They also occur in many other environments, ranging from magmatic rocks to antiquarian books. Framboidal textures are formed by several minerals including copper and zinc sulfides, greigite, magnetite, magnesioferrite or hematite, as the products of both primary deposition and replacement. Special attention is paid to pyrite framboids in this paper, with detailed descriptions of different framboid-related forms: annular framboids, sunflower framboids, micro- and polyframboids. Framboidal forms are often hierarchically structured over three size scales, with complexities ranging from microframboids, to framboids, and to polyframboids. Pyrite in framboids results from inorganic reactions between dissolved iron and sulfide, with a greigite intermediary. The sulfur is usually biogenic in origin. Simple pyrite framboids are formed during aggregation, possibly enhanced by the magnetic properties of the monosulfide precursor. Further processes, including particulation and organically controlled aggregation, result in more complicated forms such as polyframboids. Pyrite framboids can grow to euhedral grains provided the supply of iron and sulfide is not limited. Pyrite framboids often occur in close spatial relationship with organic matter, silica or carbonates, which influence their formation and growth. Replacement of iron sulfide framboid-related forms by other minerals can be indicative of sediment diagenetic conditions, or additional processes such as mineralization in ore deposits. Framboids influence the distribution of many trace elements. Due to their high specific surface areas, framboids can accumulate these trace elements during growth. Recrystallization of framboids can redistribute many trace elements. An overview of the common association between pyrite framboids and fossils is given, stressing both the importance of organic matter in framboid formation, and of the framboids in the processes of mineralization and preservation of fossils. Iron sulfide framboids may have influenced the earliest stages of life formation on the Earth as a source of energy and catalytic action, by accumulating organic compounds, and by acting as reaction chambers and templates which facilitated reproduction and information transfer. Applications from framboid studies are presented, ranging from determination of the redox conditions in water and sediment columns using size and distribution of framboids, to evaluation of deterioration processes in museum specimens.

Mata Kuliah Model Endapan Mineral

Credit to Kelompok 7

To investigate the potential of tourmaline as a geochemical monitor, a comprehensive dataset on major, minor and trace element concentrations as well as Fe 3+ /Fe ratios of tourmaline is presented. The dataset includes samples from five... more

To investigate the potential of tourmaline as a geochemical monitor, a comprehensive dataset on major, minor and trace element concentrations as well as Fe 3+ /Fe ratios of tourmaline is presented. The dataset includes samples from five plutonic complexes related to diverse magmatic to hydrothermal stages of the Cornubian Batholith (SW England). Tourmaline composition found in barren and cassiterite-bearing samples include all three primary tourmaline groups and tourmaline species with the general endmembers schorl, dravite, elbaite, uvite, feruvite, foitite and Mg-foitite. Based on textures and compositions, it is possible to distinguish not only between late-magmatic and hydrothermal tourmaline, but also between several formation stages. Hence, tourmaline monitors late-magmatic processes and the partitioning of elements during exsolution of an aqueous phase. For example , in hydrothermal tourmaline Sn is strongly enriched, while Ti, Cr, V and Sc are depleted compared to late-magmatic tourmaline of the same sample. Several tourmaline generations that precipitated from magmatic fluids can be distinguished with differing major and minor elements and REE patterns depending on the composition of the melt from which they were expelled from. Strongly zoned tourmaline allows for unraveling the hydrothermal history of a distinct location including ore precipitation. The precipitation of SnO 2 in the study area was probably caused by mixing between acidic, reduced, Sn-bearing magmatic fluids and oxidized meteoric fluids, which is in agreement with London and Manning (1995) and Williamson et al. (2000). Hence, the ability of tourmaline composition to monitor changes in Sn concentration and redox conditions in hydrothermal fluids has potential as an exploration tool.

The tin beads from the Early Bronze Age (BzA1) graves in Schwabmünchen, district Augsburg, and Buxheim, district Eichstätt are strong candidates for scientific examination as the metal is in a rare unalloyed form. In the foreground are... more

The tin beads from the Early Bronze Age (BzA1) graves in Schwabmünchen, district Augsburg, and Buxheim, district Eichstätt are strong candidates for scientific examination as the metal is in a rare unalloyed form. In the foreground are questions regarding their composition and origin. However, the finds are also interesting in terms of how they were produced and how they should be restored. To date, very few Bronze Age tin finds have been examined metallographically (Hauptmann / Maddin / Prange 2002; Stolz 2011; Wang et al. 2016; Berger et al.). Hence, little is known about the characteristics of archaeological tin at the micro level. Additionally, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of tin’s corrosion behaviour and the related corrosion products. The following presentation of results of the archaeometallurgical studies carried out on the finds of both graves should provide a substantial contribution to the current state of knowledge. In Jörg Stolz’ diploma thesis (2011), some tin beads from the Schwabmünchen graves were examined in depth. K.-P. Martinek and St. Möslein (1998) conducted studies on many beads from Buxheim. These studies were supplemented by analyses of the Bavarian State Conservation Office (BLfD) on other beads from the Schwabmünchen grave. The latter have not been published yet, however. The analyses of the chemical composition and microstructure took place in the BLfD’s central laboratory (Dr. Martin Mach, Dr. Björn Seewald, Christian Gruber and Vojislav Tucić). They will be addressed here and expanded by new and more extensive studies at the Curt-Engelhorn-Zentrum Archäometrie Mannheim (CEZA). Microsections were prepared from six beads taken from Schwabmünchen (Beads 1–6) and Buxheim (Beads 1–6), respectively. They were examined through light and electron microscopy (Chart 1). Standard procedures were used for the preparation. Prior to this, the chemical and mineralogical composition of these beads and other pieces were determined using X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDRFA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as a supplement to energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses of the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, a total of five beads were dissolved in hydrochloric acid and analysed with respect to their lead and tin isotopic compositions using multicollector mass spectrometry with MC-ICP-MS. It was hoped that this would lead to evidence for the tin’s origin. Tin isotopy is a relatively new means to determine provenance and has to date only been applied on a few bronze and tin artefacts as well as tin ore (Gale 1997; Begemann et al. 1999; Gillis / Clayton 2008; Haustein /Gillis / Pernicka 2010; Balliana et al. 2012; Yamazaki et al. 2013; Yamazaki 2014; Mason et al. 2016; Eine einmalige Zinnperlentracht der Frühbronzezeit aus Bayern Nessel / Brügmann / Pernicka 2015; Berger et al. 2019; Brügmann et al. 2019). It has seldom been possible to make definitive statements about the metal’s origin due to a lack of isotopic data on tin ore. Over the last years, the systematic expansion of the ore and artefacts database have grown to meet the prerequisites for studies of provenance (Haustein /Gillis / Pernicka 2010; Marahrens et al. 2016; Marahrens et al. 2019).

The sources and origin of tin, and the dispersion of bronze technology in the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC, are the central research topics of our multi-disciplinary research project, funded by an Advanced Grant of the European Research... more

The sources and origin of tin, and the dispersion of bronze technology in the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC, are the central research topics of our multi-disciplinary research project, funded by an Advanced Grant of the European Research Council (ERC). It has the general goal to establish the tin isotopic composition of tin ores and tin-bearing artefacts, and considers the infl uence of anthropogenic processes on the isotope ratios. We discuss the tin isotopic composition of cassiterite from two major tin provinces in Europe: from Cornwall and Devon (Southern England), and from the Erzgebirge (Germany and Czech Republic). The samples from both tin provinces show a very large variation of isotopic compositions with δ124/120Sn-values ranging overall from -0.28 to 0.85‰. Although there is large overlap, on average, cassiterite from the Erzgebirge (δ124/120Sn = 0.09‰) is isotopically lighter than that of southwest England (δ124/120Sn = 0.18‰). This is due to a higher proportion of heavy isotope compositions in the samples from Cornwall and Devon. In addition, we compare the ore data with preliminary tin isotopic systematics in Early Bronze Age metal artefacts from the Únětice Culture in Central Germany and from several ancient settlements in Mesopotamia belonging to the Early Dynastic III and the Akkadian Periods. Bronze artefacts of the Únětice Culture containing more than 3 wt.% tin have rather constant isotopic compositions (δ124/120Sn = 0.2 to 0.31 ‰), despite having highly variable trace element concentrations and tin contents. This suggests the intentional addition of an isotopically homogeneous tin raw material (metal or cassiterite) to the copper ore or melt. In contrast, the tin isotopic composition of artefacts from Mesopotamia (>3 wt. % Sn) show a much larger δ124/120Sn variation from -0.2 to +0.4‰. This is even observed in single settlements such as Ur. Since there is no sizeable tin mineralization in the vicinity, this implies that the tin demand of the ancient metallurgist was covered by trading tin from different ore sources.

In the northern part of the Bahariya Depression (Western Desert, Egypt) the Eocene carbonate succession , unconformably overlying the Cretaceous deposits, consists of three main stratigraphic units; the Naqb, Qazzun and El Hamra... more

In the northern part of the Bahariya Depression (Western Desert, Egypt) the Eocene carbonate succession , unconformably overlying the Cretaceous deposits, consists of three main stratigraphic units; the Naqb, Qazzun and El Hamra formations. The Eocene carbonates are relevant as they locally host a large economic iron mineralization. This work revises the stratigraphic attribution of the Eocene formations on the basis of larger benthic foraminifers from both carbonate and ironstone beds. Eight Nummulites species spanning the late Ypresian e early Bartonian (SBZ12 to SBZ17) were identified, thus refining the chronostratigraphic framework of the Eocene in that region of Central Egypt. Moreover, additional sedimentological insight of the Eocene carbonate rocks is presented. The carbonate deposits mainly represent shallow marine facies characteristic of inner to mid ramp settings; though deposits interpreted as intertidal to supratidal are locally recognized. Dating of Nummulites assemblages from the youngest ironstone beds in the mines as early Bartonian provides crucial information on the timing of the hydrothermal and meteoric water processes resulting in the formation of the iron ore mineralization. The new data strongly support a post-depositional, structurally-controlled formation model for the ironstone mineralization of the Bahariya Depression.

Over one hundred samples, representing mainly clayey-organic- and carbonate-rich shales (Kupferschiefer) but also other members of different ore sections, including hangingwall dolomites (Z1 Werra) and footwall Weissliegend sandstone... more

Over one hundred samples, representing mainly clayey-organic- and carbonate-rich shales (Kupferschiefer)
but also other members of different ore sections, including hangingwall dolomites (Z1 Werra) and footwall
Weissliegend sandstone (Lower Permian), have been collected in differentmines of the Lubin–Głogówmining district,
mainly near the contact (transitional zone) between the copper-mineralized zone and secondarily oxidized
(Rote Fäule = RF) zone. In general, the Polish Kupferschiefer shales are enriched in MREE in comparison to
NASC. In a typical copper-rich ore section the REE amounts and patterns depend on lithologies, being generally
similar in shales and dolomite. ΣREE vary among sandstones, shales and dolomites (average 73, 143 and
85 ppm, respectively), probably reflecting mainly their clay contents. Sandstones have strongly convex REE
patterns with positive Eu and negative Gd anomalies and depletion in LREE and enrichment in MREE relative
to HREE. The REE patterns of shale and dolomite are similar to one another and rather flat, with strong negative
Eu anomalies, and a small positive Gd anomaly in the case of shales.
The REE patterns of shales from the mineralized Cu-zone are generally convex (MREE enriched) and have
negative Eu anomalies. However, in a section with Cu-, Zn- and Pb-shales the REE pattern of Pb-bearing
shales shows a positive Eu anomaly, in contrast to other shales and overlying dolomite. More oxidizing
conditions of deposition can be assumed for Pb-shales.
No significant differences between REE distributions in transitional and oxidized zones have been observed.
Their REE patterns are more convex and are much higher (av. 247 ppm) than those in the mineralized zone
and they do not show Eu anomalies. The strongly convex pattern may suggest either enrichment in MREE
or relative depletion in LREE due to localized precipitation of light REE minerals, both in shales and in the
uppermost part of the sandstones.
Two unique sections, one Cu-rich and one Cu-lean (partly oxidized), comprising three shale beds interbedded
with dolomites have been compared. Generally ΣREE contents are similar in these two sections. Also similar
are changes in contents of REE between beds in both sections, which decrease significantly upwards (from
157–171 ppm to 54–60 ppm). The REE patterns of the lowermost beds (directly overlying sandstones) are
ramp-like, with LREE enrichments. The upper beds have concave REE patterns. Comparison between sections
shows generally stronger negative Eu and positive Gd anomalies in the highly-mineralized section.
There is a highly significant positive relationship between Cu and ΣREE contents in Cu-rich shales and
slightly less significant negative relationship for their concentration in oxidized and transitional shales.
There is a moderate significant positive correlation between P2O5 andΣREE contents in Cu-rich shales.
The observed differences in REE contents cannot be provenance dependent but have been caused by diagenetic
processes, possibly related to mineralization and oxidation processes. Europium anomalies, generally reflecting
different Eh conditions in the deposit, can be eliminated by the prolonged oxidation. Strong enrichment of the RF
zones in REE may result fromtheir desorption fromlarge volumes of oxidizing, includingmineralizing, solutions
which probably emerged from the underlying molasse lithologies into the Rote Fäule areas. Higher contents
of REE in the lowermost shales suggest upward movement of solutions from the underlying sandstones also
far away from the RF areas.

The Kletno deposit in the Śnieżnik Massif (Central Sudetes, SW Poland), mined for Fe, U, Ag, Cu, fluorite, and marble through the ages, developed at the contact of marbles and orthogneiss. Here, we present a new Fe-Ti-V-ore (containing up... more

The Kletno deposit in the Śnieżnik Massif (Central Sudetes, SW Poland), mined for Fe, U, Ag, Cu, fluorite, and marble through the ages, developed at the contact of marbles and orthogneiss. Here, we present a new Fe-Ti-V-ore (containing up to 14.07 wt.% Fe, 2.05 wt.% Ti, and 2055 ppm V in bulk rock) and ornamental- to gem-quality talc prospect at the southwest margin of this deposit. This newly documented Fe-Ti-V mineralization is hosted in hornblendites, dolomite veins, and chlorite schists, which, along with talc, envelopes a tectonic slice of serpentinite. Hornblendites are interpreted as metamorphosed ferrogabbros, derived from the same mafic melts as adjacent barren metagabbros. The oxygen and carbon isotope compositions of metabasites and dolomite veins (amphibole δ18O values = 8.8-9.3‰; carbonate δ18O values = 12.8-16.0‰, and δ13C values = −8.3‰ to −7.2‰), in combination with those of the country marbles (carbonate δ18O and δ13C values = 23.2‰ and +0.1‰, respectively), suggest that mineralization-bearing hornblendites formed due to interaction of the mafic magma with CO2 released during the decarbonation of the sediments. The CO2-bearing fluid interaction with gabbros likely caused carbonation of the gabbros and formation of the dolomite veins, whereas talc formed due to Si-rich fluids, possibly derived from a mafic intrusion, interaction with serpentinite, or due to the metasomatism of the serpentinite-gabbro assemblage. Moreover, fluids leaching Fe and Ti from the adjacent sediments can mix with the mafic magma causing enrichment of the magma in Fe and Ti. Consequently, the mineralization-bearing ferrogabbros became even more enriched in Fe and Ti, which can be linked with the formation of Fe-Ti-V ore bodies.

Breccia are key elements of the polymetallic iron oxide copper-gold (Co-Ag-Bi-U) (IOCG) deposits worldwide. Their use is however difficult either in regional mineral exploration or in production mapping. Recent studies on breccias in... more

Breccia are key elements of the polymetallic iron oxide copper-gold (Co-Ag-Bi-U) (IOCG) deposits worldwide. Their use is however difficult either in regional mineral exploration or in production mapping. Recent studies on breccias in magmatic-hydrothermal systems show that genetic information may be determine from quantitative geometric parameters (shape and spatial organization of fragments) and composition. Breccia maturity could be determined from several parameters et could be use for targeting mineralization. In IOGC(U) ore deposits, breccias occurs in all geological environments and at different depths. Corroded breccia fragments and chaotic particle size distribution are more abundant than in other types of ore deposits, underlying the role of solution process in this class of deposits. Résumé Les brèches sont des éléments essentiels dans les gisements d'oxydes de fer polymétalliques à cuivre-or (Co-Ag-Bi-U). Leur utilisation reste cependant difficile, aussi bien en exploration régionale que lors de la cartographie au cours de la production. Les études récentes sur les brèches dans les systèmes magmatiques-hydrothermaux ont montré qu'il était possible d'obtenir de multiples informations génétiques à partir d'analyses géométriques détaillées sur la forme et l'organisation spatiale des fragments en tenant compte de la composition. La maturité d'une brèche peut se mesurer selon différents paramètres et peut servir de vecteur vers la minéralisation. Dans les gisements IOGC(U), les brèches apparaissent dans tous les environnements et à diverses profondeurs. Les fragments des brèches sont plus corrodés et la granulométrie est plus chaotique que dans d'autres types de gisements, ce qui souligne l'importance des processus de dissolution dans ces gisements.

The Obuom Gold Prospect is located in the central part of the Paleoproterozoic Birimian Ashanti belt of southwest Ghana. The prospect is approximately 45 km 2 and is underlain by basalt, andesite and dacite volcanic beds, graphitic and... more

The Obuom Gold Prospect is located in the central part of the Paleoproterozoic Birimian Ashanti belt of southwest Ghana. The prospect is approximately 45 km 2 and is underlain by basalt, andesite and dacite volcanic beds, graphitic and chlorite phyllites of sedimentary origin and granites. Published works on the Obuom geological terrane, using gravity models, showed that, the structures are more complex than previously thought and may involve multiple thrust slices. This research identified two deformational episodes; the first has a remarkable sinistral sense probably synchronous with an Eoeburnean event with the second, an overprint of dextral shearing during the Eburnean event. The first episode, Do 1 is characterized by NW-SE compression which resulted in subvertical NE-SW trending S 1 axial plane meta-morphic foliation in tight to isoclinal F 1 folds with NW-SE trending L 1 lineations. The second episode, Do 2 indicates continuous shortening which produced nearly upright F 2 folds with east-west striking axial planes, slight plunging hinges and associated subparallel crenulation cleavages. The first deformational event Do 1 which represent NW-SE compression is observed affecting only the Sefwi Group. The Do 2 resulting from N-S compression affected both the Sefwi and Kumasi Groups.

It has been suggested that the two morphologies of sedimentary pyrite, framboids and euhedra, may reflect two distinct pathways of pyrite formation. Framboids form indirectly via iron monosulphides, whereas euhedra form from direct... more

It has been suggested that the two morphologies
of sedimentary pyrite, framboids and euhedra, may
reflect two distinct pathways of pyrite formation. Framboids
form indirectly via iron monosulphides, whereas
euhedra form from direct precipitation from solution.
A third pathway which is bridging these two forms is
proposed here, namely the continuous growth from
a monosulphide globule through framboids to a euhedral
single crystal. It is also suggested that framboids probably
occur over a range of three orders of magnitude, from the
least complex microframboids through framboids to
polyframboids.

Abstract: Base, rare and precious metal deposits are widespread in the Caucasus and Pontides regions. They are the result of the Phanerozoic evolution of the Tethys Ocean, of various geodynamic settings, including oceanic, intra-arc,... more

Abstract: Base, rare and precious metal deposits are widespread in the Caucasus and Pontides regions.
They are the result of the Phanerozoic evolution of the Tethys Ocean, of various geodynamic settings,
including oceanic, intra-arc, back-arc and island arcs. The various types of mineralization are discussed
in terms of the participation scale of sialic, basaltic crusts and mantle sources. In oceanic settings, cupriferous
Cyprus-type deposits occur, where the source of Cu is the mantle. In intra-arc settings, Beshi type
Cu-Zn deposits were formed; the source of Zn is interpreted to be basaltic crust. As for the island arc
and back-arc settings, Cu-Pb-Zn porphyry, stockwork, VMS and vein deposits are common. The source
of Pb is interpreted to be the sialic crust. The rare metals (Hg, W, Sb) are related to post-collisional settings,
where sialic crust is important. Mo is also related mainly to post-collisional settings, and it subordinately
participates in the island arc settings. Precious metal mineralization (Au and Ag) predominantly
developed in island arc and post-collisional settings. Therefore, in the process of mantle depletion and
crust formation precious metals (Au and Ag) mainly accumulated in the sialic crust.

The present study focuses on the kaolin deposit in Kalabsha area south Western Desert of Egypt in an attempt to determine its possible source, tectonic setting, and weathering history by means of integrated petrographical and geochemical... more

The present study focuses on the kaolin deposit in Kalabsha area south Western Desert of Egypt in an attempt to determine its possible source, tectonic setting, and weathering history by means of integrated petrographical and geochemical approaches. The petrographical study was worked by microscopic investigation and supported by X-ray diffraction analysis. X-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrophotometry methods were used for the determination of the bulk elemental composition. Mineralogical analysis revealed that kaolinite is the main clay mineral component indicating a severe chemical weathering of Al-rich source rocks and complete leaching under warm, semiarid climatic conditions. The nonclay minerals are represented by quartz, iron oxides and hydroxides, Ti-bearing minerals, and zircon. Geochemical data show a prevalence of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 and enrichment of Hf, Nb, Ta, Th, U, and Zr that support the kaolinitic nature of the deposits and their derivation from a felsic granitic terrain. The high values of the chemical index of alteration and the lower values of the index of compositional variability also suggest an intensive weathered source area and the geochemical maturity of the sediments. Other relevant geochemical discriminant functions and plots reveal felsic igneous parent rock for the kaolin deposits. Q-mode hierarchical cluster analysis combined with the normalized rare earth element patterns played a crucial role in unraveling the origin of the studied deposits. The results show that the most probable source rock of the Kalabsha kaolin deposits is the intense weathering of relatively proximal Adara Adatalob granites and their similar rock types in the Arabian-Nubian Shield from the south Eastern Desert of Egypt.

Karst-bauxite deposits form as a result of the accumulation of residual clay minerals in depressions on a karst limestone surface, and their subsequent lateritic weathering. Rare earth elements (REE) become concentrated in the bauxite... more

Karst-bauxite deposits form as a result of the accumulation of residual clay minerals in depressions on a karst limestone surface, and their subsequent lateritic weathering. Rare earth elements (REE) become concentrated in the bauxite deposits due to crystallisation of authigenic REE-bearing minerals, accumulation of residual phases and the adsorption of ions on clays and other mineral surfaces. REE are concentrated in the red mud waste generated by alumina production from bauxite through the Bayer process. Red muds thus contain on average 900 ppm REE compared with typical values of <100 ppm to ~500 ppm REE in the bauxites. Extraction of REE from red mud has been shown to be feasible although it is challenging due to the heterogeneous spatial distribution of REE in the bauxites and the need for development of appropriate processing methods. With annual European extraction of bauxite estimated to be approximately 3.5 million tonnes per annum, resulting in approximately 1.4 million tonnes of red mud from the production of alumina, understanding the REE resource potential of bauxites is integral to the assessment of European REE resources.

Corundum (ruby-sapphire) is known to have formed in situ within Archean metamorphic rocks at several localities in the North Atlantic Craton of Greenland. Here we present two case studies for such occurrences: (1) Maniitsoq region... more

Corundum (ruby-sapphire) is known to have formed in situ within Archean metamorphic rocks at several localities in the North Atlantic Craton of Greenland. Here we present two case studies for such occurrences: (1) Maniitsoq region (Kangerdluarssuk), where kyanite paragneiss hosts ruby corundum, and (2) Nuuk region (Storø), where sillimanite gneiss hosts ruby corundum. At both occurrences, ultramafic rocks (amphibole-peridotite) are in direct contact with the ruby-bearing zones, which have been transformed to mica schist by metasomatic reactions. The bulk-rock geochemistry of the ruby-bearing rocks is consistent with significant depletion of SiO2 in combination with addition of Al2O3 , MgO, K2O, Th and Sr relative to an assumed aluminous precursor metapelite. Phase equilibria modelling supports ruby genesis from the breakdown of sillimanite and kyanite at elevated temperatures due to the removal of SiO2. The juxtaposition of relatively silica-and aluminum-rich metasedimentary rocks with low silica ultramafic rocks established a chemical potential gradient that leached/mobilized SiO2 allowing corundum to stabilize in the former rocks. Furthermore, addition of Al2O3 via a metasomatic reaction is required, because Al/Ti is fractionated between the aluminous precursor metapelites and the resulting corundum-bearing mica schist. We propose that Al was mobilized either by complexation with hy-droxide at alkaline conditions, or that Al was transported as K-Al-Si-O polymers at deep crustal levels. The three main exploration vectors for corundum within Archean greenstone belts are: (1) amphibolite-to granulite-facies metamorphic conditions, (2) the juxtaposition of ultramafic rocks and aluminous metapelite, and (3) mica-rich reactions zones at their interface.

The enrichment of the low-grade-phosphate ore of the Tozeur-Nefta deposit was investigated using scrubbing-attrition, ball grinding and anionic/cationic reverse flotation in order to separate phosphate-rich particles from their gangue.... more

The enrichment of the low-grade-phosphate ore of the Tozeur-Nefta deposit was investigated using scrubbing-attrition, ball grinding and anionic/cationic reverse flotation in order to separate phosphate-rich particles from their gangue. The choice of the beneficiation process was based on the petrographic, mineralogical and chemical analyses. The petrographic and mineralogical studies have revealed the abundance of phosphatic (carbonate-fluorapatite-CFA) particles) coupled with carbonates (calcite, dolomite,) and silicates (quartz, illite, kaolonite) that constitute the (endo/exo) gangue of these ores. Chemical analysis has demonstrated that the raw phosphate sample contains low amounts of P 2 O 5 (12.0%) and MgO (4.9%) and high amounts of CaO (40.7%) and SiO 2 (20.5%). Microscopic observation/counting has shown that the release mesh occurs in the 71-315 µm size. Scrubbing-attrition, grinding and reverse flotation methods were applied to the +71µm fraction. Scrubbing-attrition tests of the 71-315 µm fraction have helped to improve the P 2 O 5 grade to 15.5%. Ball-grinding tests were used to reduce the coarse fraction +315 µm. Grounded materials were sieved to 71-315 µm and combined with the scrubbed fraction in the flotation feed. Reverse-flotation tests of the phosphate-rich fraction (71-315 µm) have helped to improve the P 2 O 5 grade to 27.1%, with a recovery rate of 92.4%.

The Kambale graphite deposit is located within the Wa Lawra ‐ greenstone belt in NW Ghana. Historical records, recent exploration, unpublished material and accessible surface and subsurface exposures provide a valuable preliminary case... more

The Kambale graphite deposit is located within the Wa Lawra ‐ greenstone belt in NW Ghana. Historical records, recent exploration, unpublished material and accessible surface and subsurface exposures provide a valuable preliminary case study of the deposit. Examination of three transversal trenches and re-logging of eleven Rotary Air Blast (RAB) drill holes in the western part of the deposit reveal moderately to intensely sheared metasedimentary rocks of the lower Birimian formation such as mica schist, graphitic schist, quartzite, and a few pegmatite intrusions. Optical microscopic studies show that the deposit occasionally occurs in a complex mineral paragenesis of quartz ± calcite ± hornblende ± magnetite ± pyrrhotite ± rutile ± chalcocite ± graphite and other gangue minerals, often found around the boundaries of large magnesian ferrohornblende minerals, which tend to form quartz crystals. The Kambale deposit is characterized by numerous faults and shears, associated with brittle-ductile deformation at the NE part of the main shear with fewer faults and shears at the southern and western zones, generally trending E-W between 150ånd 320˚, dipping in NE-SW direction at an average of 060˚. The rocks have undergone medium-high grade metamorphism under high T/medium P facies typically estimated as (∼600-750 • C, 5.0–8.0 kbar), in amphibolite-granulite facies. The genesis of the flake graphite in Kambale is believed to be as a result of the high grade metamorphism, where deep-seated CO 2-rich fluid phase of crustal origin invaded the metamorphosed rocks. The intensity of the pore fluid pressures aided in the genesis of the graphite by hydraulic fracturing of the underlying rocks under regional syntectonic deformation.

Complex investigations of tetradymite Bi2Te2S from Župkov area (Slovak Republic) found as museum sample in Lviv National University is carried out by methods of electronic microscopy, local microprobe analysis and X-ray diffraction. It is... more

Complex investigations of tetradymite Bi2Te2S from Župkov area (Slovak Republic) found as museum sample in Lviv
National University is carried out by methods of electronic microscopy, local microprobe analysis and X-ray diffraction. It
is established, that tetradymite occur as almost perfectly shaped crystals of rhombohedral and pinacoidal habits or as crystals with habit transitive between them. The main simple forms of crystals established are {0001}, {1011} and {0112}.
Tetra dymite crystals are commonly look like cutted trigonal pseudo-pyramids, lamellar crystals as well twinned formation
of tetrade-crystals. Chemical composition of the mineral has established based on data of statistical distribution of atoms
into crystallochemical positions and tetradymite formula is established to be similar to Bi1.86Sb0.14Te2S0.94Se0.06. Crystalline structure of the mineral is specified by using Rietveld method. The historical importance of the studied samples is also considered. Some data on tellurides of tetradymite group obtained earlier at their studying in the frame of joint international project "Comparative mineralogo-geochemical analysis Аu-Ag-Bi-Te-Se of mineralization in neovolcanites of Ukraine and Slovakia (region Carpathians)" carried out 2008—2010 years are also used.