P300 Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

J/ü TENNET VI 6. lvten performed the Kimura-typ€ sequencing task faster than women. This seems to contradict earlier reports by Kimura's laboratory in which women were reponed to be faster than mcn. Two cornmens seem appropriate. First. our task involved larger manipuianda and distance. which might tïvor suength. Second. more recent repons from Kjmura's lab no longerrepon female superiority. F(1,75) = 14.5,p < .0OOl, Effect size .16, Power (.05) .96+. Discussion. The most important results are those involving the O'Connors task. Both finger use and rweezer use requirc fine dexteriry but when the tweezlrs are used. finger size is no longer a facror. The fact that women performed bener than men when pcrforming üe rask with the fingen but no bener than men when penorming the task *'ith rhe r'à/eezers suggests that sex differences on the h:rdue and others nslq can be amibuted to crivial periphcrai factors and not some inherent suocrioriry of women in ftne motor tasks. This is further confirmed by rhe lack of scx differences on the Notched Peg Task whjch requires fine positioning movements. but which has pegs Iarge enough ro be grasprd by larger 6ngers-The finger rapping task mighr involve a strength element (aithough wirhin scxcs rhere is no correlation between strength of hand and speed of tapping). Finally, rhe resulrs on the Kimura-ryp*e sequencing task confirm eerlier findings in our laboratory and, togeüer with the more recent findings from Kimura's laboratory indicated that statements about female superioriry on simple repedtive sequencing tasks are not justified. There are some imponant implicetions of rhese indings. Some of the performance changes reconed bv r number of researchers during different stages of the femaie reproductive cycie gain strengrh beceuse of e double dissociation bctween fr.ne motor and sparial tasks. The former are said to be done bener during sases with high tèrnaie hormones ("tasks thvoring fen:aies") while the laner are said to be perbrmed bener during stages when females hormones are low ("usks favoring maies"). Flowever. the doubie dissociation along these lines fails apan wheu the tasks , said to be favoring females, during high esrogen phases do not. in ury meamngful sense. favor femaies. F-3. Musicai Experience and Auditorv P300 in a Dividec Attenrion îask),p,. J.eclsrxE B ^erae.nçT B ran y B eave-^r. .{.\DRE w Àixrrr. eNo Rogerr !t. Roru *),«,-,'' üitttruton'oy !{wnun lteurolnrstulot|',ud Leun4ts:r't'àrtirryy. Corttttrtiiu (Jnnerstry Recent inlestt!::.rtlon:i :ta\e demonsrr.:terl trgniri=fit Jitfe:encc: rn P-:IXJ :moii-Tf ,' ï î :i I ï' : fi *1, i i i"ï liï" ;îft 11.î i,, Ï;, :iîiï: I ,.l' :::

- by
- •
- Auditory Perception, P300, Divided Attention, Event-Related Potentials

Brain-computer interface research is a very current research area as is machine learning, although some of the concepts have been around for many years or even decades, these areas of research still garners a lot of interest. This project set out to evaluate the efficacy of using a consumer-grade EEG device for P300 detection for controlling remotely actuated objects, building on this it used machine learning techniques to try to improve classification of the EEG signals. The project makes use of the Emotiv EPOC headset, Arduino for remotely controlling a remote controlled car, and uses Wekinator to implement machine learning algorithms. The non-machine learning approaches results were quite poor, whilst integration of machine learning improved classification to within the region of 70-98% accuracy based on offline training. It is from this the conclusion has been drawn that machine learning approaches are definitely better than non-machine learning approaches for P300 classification and that further research into exact results for online analysis of the approaches is required. It has also been confirmed that Wekinator is a suitable method for employing classification of BCI signals.

- by Cillian Dudley
- •
- Machine Learning, Brain-computer interfaces, Arduino, P300

Objectives
Mindfulness practice can enhance different aspects of attentional functions, such as the ability to sustain the
attentional focus over time. However, it is still unclear whether this practice might indeed impact higher cognitive
functions, such as control mechanisms that allow the appropriate and flexible allocation of attentional resources. In this longitudinal study, changes associated with a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program were investigated, with a focus on proactive and reactive cognitive control mechanisms, namely, the ability to maintain task-relevant information and to prepare in advance the response and the ability to promptly adjust overlearned behaviors in response to conflicting stimuli.
Methods
Two groups of participants took part in the study: 26 participants who completed a formal MBSR training (mean age = 43 years, females = 21) and 23 participants who performed a control training (mean age = 47.2 years, females = 20).
They were tested on a modified AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT), before and after 8 training weeks. The electroencephalographic (EEG) signal was recorded during task execution, and amplitude modulations of eventrelated potentials (ERPs) associated with cues and probes were examined.
Results
After the training, the MBSR group exhibited a significant reduction of errors on high conflicting trials. Concurrently,
the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV), an index of anticipatory processes, elicited by task cues became more
pronounced in post-training session in the MBSR group only. In addition, an attenuated probe-locked N2 amplitude
and an increased P3a component emerged.
Conclusion
Taken together, the electrophysiological and behavioral results suggest that the mindfulness practice enhanced the
ability to implement both proactive and reactive cognitive control processes.

- by Antonino Vallesi
- •
- Cognitive Control, P300, Event-Related Potentials, Meditation
- by Andrzej Majkowski and +1
- •
- Machine Learning, Genetic Algorithms, Non-Invasive BCI, HCI

Resumo: O presente estudo se situa no campo das provas judiciais. Aborda os principais métodos para detectar e provar judicialmente uma mentira, apontando o critério racional mais adequado. Palavras-chave: Prova. Mentira. Processo. Tecnologia. Método Contextual. Abstract: The present study is in the field of judicial evidence. It addresses the main methods for detecting and proving a lie in court, pointing the rationality method most appropriate. Keywords: Evidence. Lie. Process. Technology. Contextual Method. Sumário: 1. Introdução-2. Conceito e Finalidade das Provas-3. Sistemas de valoração das provas-4.Por que controlar a subjetividade do juiz na valoração das provas?-5. Como minimizar a subjetividade do juiz ao valorar as provas?-6. A necessidade da aproximação do raciocínio probatório às demais ciências para garantir a racionalidade na valoração da prova-7. A valoração racional das declarações das pessoas-8. O que é uma mentira?-9. Métodos apontados por Jaume Masip y Carmen Herrero para detectar mentiras-9.1. Entrevista ativa-9.2. Método contextual-10.Críticas à identificação da mentira com base em dados conductuales-11. A eficácia e validade do método contextual para detectar mentiras e motivar uma decisão judicial-12. Instrumentos para a detecção da mentira com base em dados fisiológicos e cerebrais: a velha e a nova tecnologia. Polígrafo e a Neurociência-13. Conclusão 1. Introdução. 1 Publicado na Revista dos Tribunais, vol. 999. São Paulo: Revista dos Tribunais/ Thomson Reuters.

- by Marcos José Porto Soares
- •
- Neuroscience, Technology, Law of evidence, P300

Memoria de trabajo de investigación. Objetivos: 1-Estudiar las catacterísticas del deficiente mental a través de la cartografía cerebral 2- De los potenciales eléctricos resultantes, estudiar cuáles tienen relación con el rendimiento cognitivo del deficiente mental 3-Relacionar los datos obtenidos de la cartografía cerebral y datos de tipo cognitivo de los deficientes mentales 4-Comprobar si es posible encontrar diferencias entre los deficientes mentales, de manera que se puedan establecer grupos distintos de deficientes mentales con criterios neurofisiológicos y estudiar sus características cognitivas 5-Buscar datos y conclusiones útiles para la orientación terapeútica de los deficientes 6-Investigar si existen alteraciones del funcionamiento cerebral que afectan de manera distinta a grupos de deficientes, 200 individuos deficientes mentales, divididos en deficientes mentales medios, ligeros y límites, además de un grupo de sujetos de cociente intelectual normal con trastornos de aprendizaje, la gran mayoría residentes en la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, cuyo medio sociocultural es urbano, mayores de 10 años y todos escolarizados

- by Jorge Muñoz-Ruata
- •
- Neuropsychology, EEG, ERP (Cognitive Psychology), Intellectual Disability
- by Mandeep Kaur
- •
- Neuroscience, Biomedical Engineering, P300, Brain-Computer Interface
- by Leila Ayoubian and +1
- •
- P300, Event-Related Potentials, EEG Signal Processing, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

The lie detector test has long been treated with suspicion by the law. Recently, several authors have called this suspicion into question. They argue that the lie detector test may have considerable forensic benefits, particularly if we move past the classic, false-positive prone, autonomic nervous system-based (ANS-based) control question test, to the more reliable, brain-based, concealed information test. These authors typically rely on a “comparative advantage” argument to make their case. According to this argument, we should not be so suspicious of lie detection evidence if it has comparative advantages over the epistemic methods currently utilised by the legal system. In this article, I add to this growing support by making a novel comparative advantage argument in favour of brain-based lie detection evidence. The argument focuses on the P300 concealed information test (P300 CIT), which has several unique properties, and on the effect it may have on pre-trial bargaining in criminal cases rather than in-court evidence. The thesis is that P300 CIT could allow for innocent defendants to credibly signal their innocence to investigators and prosecutors during pre-trial bargaining more effectively than current proposed methods for doing the same thing. I defend this argument from a number of objections, and suggest that it opens up an interesting avenue in the ongoing debate about the merits of this technology. Although the argument is presented with the criminal law in mind, it could form part of a more general cumulative case in favour of this technology.

- by John Danaher
- •
- Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology, Psychophysics, Law
- by Suresh Bada Math
- •
- Supreme Court, P300, Brain Mapping, Brain Fingerprinting

Although brain volumes calculated from magnetic resonance (MR) imaging have been found to correlate with IQ, the relationship between MR-derived brain volume and other mental processes has not been examined. Fifty normal-ability adults had their brain volume calculated using MR scanning, along with tasks measuring IQ, memory, and information-processing speed, and an auditory evoked potential (AEP) task. All MR scans were corrected for artefacts arising from inhomogenous coil response. Of the three AEP components measured, only P3 latency and amplitude were associated with measures of mental ability. Out of the 50 adults tested, 40 had usable MR records. Corrected for height and weight, total brain volume was associated with Full-Scale IQ (r = 0.32, P < 0.025); when this correlation was corrected for restricted range, the correlation increased to 0.66. Although there was no systematic pattern of associations between brain volume and individual measures of memory or information-processing speed for the bivariate correlations, adjusted R2s from exploratory multiple regression suggested that while information-processing speed shared 7% of test variance with brain volume, memory might account for 22%, and the complete test battery might account for as much as 32%. Our study therefore suggests a partial dissociation between mechanisms underlying intelligence, in that brain volume is associated with mental ability and memory, but not especially with information-processing speed.

- by Vincent Egan
- •
- Intelligence, P300, IQ, White matter

The neural efficiency hypothesis of human intelligence assumes that an essential physiological basis of intelligent behavior is a focus of activation on task-relevant areas of the cortex. A confirmation of this assumption can be derived from more recent studies in which the activation of the entire cortex was measured using EEG imaging methods or Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The main results of our previous EEG studies on this question are presented in this article. The event-related desynchronization (ERD) triggered by cognitive tasks in the EEG was topographically analyzed and compared between two groups of different intelligence. Mostly it could be observed that more intelligent people focus their cortical activation primarily on the task-relevant areas, while less intelligent show a more diffuse activation.

- by Dietmar G Schrausser
- •
- Psychology, Intelligence, EEG, Medicine

In an increasingly globalized world mastering a second language (L2) provides a clear advantage. However, after
early childhood, not everyone can easily learn a foreign language. The present study explored whether the
large variability found in L2 attainment in the normal population, not diagnosed as learning disabled, is related
to preattentive speech perception abilities. Using event-related potentials (ERPs) we examined the mismatch
negativity, P3a, and the late discriminative negativity (MMN-P3a-LDN) complex, which served as an index
for preattentive foreign phonological contrast discrimination abilities. Our results show that, compared to unsuccessful
L2 learners, successful L2 learners had shorter latencies of the MMN and P3a components and higher amplitudes
of the LDN component. These results suggest that unsuccessful L2 learners have a deficient speech perception
mechanism.

- by Hilla Jakoby
- •
- Speech perception, Individual Differences, P300, Event-Related Potentials

Abstract—Use of the information technology increases chances of adapting to changing environments. This applies to wild jungle as it applies to the urban information jungle. Modern wearable devices will allow to improve physical and augmented mental capabilities of humans. An interdisciplinary approach aimed at improving human mental processes is cognitive enhancement. There are many diverse methods in this approach, like: neuropharmacology, genetics, natural, social prevention, informatics. In this paper we aconsider opportunities of cognitive enhancement delivered by computer devices (cognitive technologies). Three systems proposals are provided and described, including an enhaced P3-speller.

- by Krzysztof Kutt and +1
- •
- Cognitive Science, Human Computer Interaction, Cognitive Technologies, P300

Behavioral and neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that people process preferentially self-related information such as an image of their own face. Furthermore, people rapidly incorporate stimuli into their self-representation even if these stimuli do not have an intrinsic relation to self. In the present study, we investigated the time course of the processes involved in preferential processing of self-related information. In two EEG experiments three unfamiliar faces were identified with verbal labels as either the participant, a friend, or a stranger. Afterwards, participants judged whether two stimuli presented in succession (ISI = 1500ms) matched. In experiment 1, faces were followed by verbal labels and in experiment 2, labels were followed by faces. Both experiments showed the same pattern of behavioral and electrophysiological results. If the first stimulus (face or label) was associated with self, reaction times were faster and the late frontal positivity following the first stimulus was more pronounced. The self-association of the second stimulus (label or face) did not affect response times. However, the central-parietal P3 following presentation of the second stimulus was more pronounced when the second stimulus was preceded by self-related first stimulus. These results indicate that even unfamiliar faces that are associated to self can activate a self-representation. Once the self-representation has been activated the processing of ensuing stimuli is facilitated, irrespective of whether they are associated with the self.

- by Mateusz Wozniak
- •
- The Self, P300, N2, Self-prioritization
- by Mariam Al-Sagban
- •
- Non-Invasive BCI, P300, BCI

Background: Sailuotong (SLT) is a standardised herbal medicine formula consisting of Panax ginseng, Ginkgo biloba,
and Crocus sativus, and has been designed to enhance cognitive and cardiovascular function.
Methods: Using a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled crossover design, this pilot study assessed the
effect of treatment for 1 week with SLT and placebo (1 week washout period) on neurocognitive and cardiovascular
function in healthy adults. Sixteen adults completed a computerised neuropsychological test battery (Compass), and
had their electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and cardiovascular system function assessed. Primary outcome
measures were cognitive test scores and oddball task event-related potential (ERP) component amplitudes.
Secondary outcome measures were resting EEG spectral band amplitudes, and cardiovascular parameters.
Results: Treatment with SLT, compared to placebo, resulted in small improvements in working memory, a slight
increase in auditory target (cf. nontarget) P3a amplitude, and a decrease in auditory N1 target (cf. nontarget)
amplitude. There was no effect of SLT on EEG amplitude in delta, theta, alpha, or beta bands in both eyes open
and eyes closed resting conditions, or on aortic and peripheral pulse pressure, and resting heartrate.
Conclusions: Findings suggest that SLT has the potential to improve working memory performance in healthy
adults; a larger sample size is needed to confirm this.

- by Genevieve Z Steiner and +1
- •
- EEG, P300, Event-Related Potentials, Blood Pressure
- by Palaniappan Ramaswamy
- •
- P300

Characterising the time course of non-native language production is critical in understanding the mechanisms behind successful communication. Yet, little is known about the modulating role of cross-linguistic influence (CLI) on the temporal unfolding of non-native production and the locus of target language selection. In this study, we explored CLI effects on non-native noun phrase production with behavioural and neural methods. We were particularly interested in the modulation of the P300 as an index for inhibitory control, and the N400 as an index for co-activation and CLI. German late learners of Spanish overtly named pictures while their EEG was monitored. Our results indicate traceable CLI effects at the behavioural and neural level in both early and late production stages. This suggests that speakers faced competition between the target and non-target language until advanced production stages. Our findings add important behavioural and neural evidence to the underpinnings of non-native production processes, in particular for late learners.

- by Sarah Von Grebmer Zu Wolfsthurn and +1
- •
- Speech Production, Brain behavior from statistical analysis of eeg signals, P300, N400

The current paper corrects some previously published results (Egan, Chiswick, Santosh, Naidu, Rimmington & Best, Personality and Individual Differences, 17, 357–367, 1994), and suggests that the range-corrected correlation between total brain volume and Full-Scale IQ, controlling for height and weight, is 0.48. not 0.66. This result replicates correlations of similar sizes found by researchers from four different research teams. The high correlation between CSF volume and IQ measures in this study is discussed in reference to the method of estimating CSF volume. It is suggested that an automated method may have provided an indirect measure of brain surface area. Finally, by simulating the range of possible partial correlations between brain volume and intelligence controlling for height and weight, it is argued that the correlation between brain volume and measures of IQ is only modestly affected by correction for body size. As such, brain volume/IQ coefficients should only be corrected for body size if data from the specific study warrants such a procedure.

- by Vincent Egan
- •
- Intelligence, P300, IQ, White matter

There has been much hype about the implications of contemporary developments in neuroscience for the law. Pardo and Patterson are skeptical of this hype. They argue that a good deal of the hype stems from simple philosophical errors and conceptual confusions. In the course of this critique, they offer particular objections to the forensic use of brain-based lie detection methods. Although agreeing with the authors about the need for skepticism and conceptual clarity, this chapter argues that they get things wrong when it comes to their skepticism of brain-based lie detection. This is for three reasons. First, in their critique they focus too heavily on the problems associated with the more speculative and less empirically grounded fMRI-based methods, not enough on the more robustly grounded EEG-based methods. Second, when focus is switched to these methods, their main philosophical critique of the use of neuroscience in law – the neurolaw mereological fallacy – has much less bite. And third, they neglect to address the merits of brain-based lie detection methods relative to existing methods for inferring what a witness does or does not believe. When these three critiques are factored in, the future looks brighter for this particular use of neuroscience in law.

- by John Danaher
- •
- Neuroscience, Neuropsychology, Criminal Law, Philosophy of Mind

Humans monitor their behavior to optimize performance, which presumably relies on stable representations of correct responses. During second language (L2) learning, however, stable representations have yet to be formed while knowledge of the first language (L1) can interfere with learning, which in some cases results in persistent errors. In order to examine how correct L2 representations are stabilized, this study examined performance monitoring in the learning process of second language learners for a feature that conflicts with their first language. Using EEG, we investigated if L2 learners in a feedback-guided word gender assignment task showed signs of error detection in the form of an error-related negativity (ERN) before and after receiving feedback, and how feedback is processed. The results indicated that initially, response-locked negativities for correct (CRN) and incorrect (ERN) responses were of similar size, showing a lack of internal error detection when L2 representations are unstable. As behavioral performance improved following feedback, the ERN became larger than the CRN, pointing to the first signs of successful error detection. Additionally, we observed a second negativity following the ERN/CRN components, the amplitude of which followed a similar pattern as the previous negativities. Feedback-locked data indicated robust FRN and P300 effects in response to negative feedback across different rounds, demonstrating that feedback remained important in order to update memory representations during learning. We thus show that initially, L2 representations may often not be stable enough to warrant successful error monitoring, but can be stabilized through repeated feedback, which means that the brain is able to overcome L1 interference, and can learn to detect errors internally after a short training session. The results contribute a different perspective to the discussion on changes in ERN and FRN components in relation to learning, by extending the investigation of these effects to the language learning domain. Furthermore, these findings provide a further characterization of the online learning process of L2 learners.

- by Sybrine Bultena and +2
- •
- Second Language Acquisition, ERP (Cognitive Psychology), P300, Error Monitoring

Neuropsychiatric pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and neurodevelopmental syndromes, are frequently associated with dysregulation of various essential cellular mechanisms, such as transcription, mitochondrial respiration and protein degradation. In these complex scenarios, it is difficult to pinpoint the specific molecular dysfunction that initiated the pathology or that led to the fatal cascade of events that ends with the death of the neuron. Among the possible original factors, epigenetic dysregulation has attracted special attention. This review focuses on two highly related epigenetic factors that are directly involved in a number of neurological disorders, the lysine acetyltransferases CREB-binding protein (CBP) and E1A-associated protein p300 (p300). We first comment on the role of chromatin acetylation and the enzymes that control it, particularly CBP and p300, in neuronal plasticity and cognition. Next, we describe the involvement of these proteins in intellectual disability and in different neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we discuss the potential of ameliorative strategies targeting CBP/p300 for the treatment of these disorders.

- by Current Pharmaceutical Design
- •
- P300, HDACi, Huntington’s disease, Histone Acetylation
- by Guang Ouyang
- •
- Cognitive Psychology, P300, Reaction Time
- by Palaniappan Ramaswamy
- •
- Principal Component Analysis, P300

Background: The present study examined the integrity of the P300 component of the event-related potential (ERP) in patients at high imminent risk for schizophrenia in relation to healthy comparison subjects and patients in the recent-onset and chronic stages of schizophrenia. Methods: The P300 was recorded by using an auditory oddball task in 10 patients clinically considered at risk of being prodromally symptomatic for schizophrenia, 10 patients with recent-onset schizophrenia, 14 patients with chronic schizophre-nia, 14 young healthy comparison subjects, who were age-matched to the high-risk and recent-onset schizophrenia groups, and 14 older healthy comparison subjects, who were age-matched to the chronic schizophrenia group. Results: High-risk subjects displayed smaller than normal P300 amplitudes at the parietal, centroparietal and central scalp locations. The observed P300 amplitude abnormalities in high-risk subjects were severe, being comparable in magnitude to the abnormalities seen in recent-onset and chronic schizophrenia subjects. However, whereas high-risk subjects showed P300 amplitude abnormalities that were bilaterally symmetrical, subjects with recent-onset schizophrenia and, particularly, subjects with chronic schizophrenia exhibited abnormalities that were markedly larger over the left temporal scalp sites. Conclusions: Patients at high imminent risk for developing a first florid psychotic episode seem to manifest auditory P300 amplitude abnormalities that are similar, but not identical, to those observed in patients in the recent-onset and chronic stages of schizophrenia. These results support the idea that auditory P300 abnormalities in schizophrenia reflect a primary cognitive and pathophysiological feature of the illness.

- by Odin van der Stelt
- •
- Psychology, Psychosis, Schizophrenia, EEG

The existence of an advantage in sequential learning for
musicians over nonmusicans is highly debated. The current
study used an auditory sequential learning task to investigate
the neurophysiological correlates of sequential learning in
adults with either high or low music aptitudes. While
behavioral results alone revealed no difference between the
reaction times of the two groups, event-related potential data
showed that higher music aptitude was associated with
decreased amplitudes of the P300 and Contingent Negative
Variation effect between two conditions with different
transitional probabilities relative to a target stimulus. These
data suggest that increased music training and skill leads to
more efficient processing of (i.e., reduced attentional
demands for) auditory sequential patterns.

- by jerome daltrozzo
- •
- Music, Sequential Learning, P300, Event-Related Potentials

Memory Detection Tests (MDTs) are a general class of psychophysiological tests that can be used to determine whether someone remembers a particular fact or datum. The P300 MDT is a type of MDT that relies on a presumed correlation between the presence of a detectable neural signal (the P300 “brainwave”) in a test subject, and the recognition of those facts in the subject’s mind. As such, the P300 MDT belongs to a class of brain-based forensic technologies which have proved popular and controversial in recent years. With such tests increasingly being proffered for use in the courtroom — to either support or call into question testimony — it would behoove the legal system to have some systematic framework for ensuring that they are used responsibly. In this paper, I defend one such framework for ensuring that this is the case: the legitimacy enhancing test. According to this test, it is appropriate to make use of technologies such as the P300 MDT whenever doing so would (probably) enhance the legitimacy of the trial. I argue that this test addresses tensions between scientific and legal norms of evidence, and exhibits a number of additional virtues including unification, simplicity and flexibility. Although the test is defended by considering the example of the P300 MDT, its significance is much broader than that. If it has the virtues I claim for it, it should provide a general framework for the responsible use of technologies, and the responsible innovation of social epistemic systems.

- by John Danaher
- •
- Forensic Science, Law of evidence, Neuroethics, Social Epistemology

Disruption of the sense of being effective and causally determinant in performing an action was explored in the present research by inducing an erroneous external spatial feedback in response to the subject's behaviour. ERPs were recorded from fifteen subjects when they were receiving mismatching/matching feedback information on direction. In addition, subjective sensitivity to the external cues was monitored by Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) and Behavioural Activation System (BAS) measures, as well as Behaviour Identification process was tested by Behavior Identification Form (BIF). One negative ERP deflections of higher amplitude was revealed in concomitance to false feedback, peaking at about 210 ms post-stimulus, more central-posteriorly localized. We supposed that it may represent feedback-error system of which activity might be reflected in FRN, deputed to monitor the unattended feedback furnished by an external system. Moreover, a P3b effect was also observed in great measure for false spatial feedback, more posteriorly (Pz) distributed. According to the context-updating hypothesis, the P3b may reflect the revision of the mental model of the context. BIS showed to be more sensitive to both veridical and false feedback that increased FRN, whereas higher-BAS and BAS-Reward measures revealed an increased proactive attitude to external feedback (higher P3b). Finally, low-level of action representation explained FRN amplitude more than high-level one.

- by Davide Crivelli
- •
- Agency (Psychology), Sense of agency, P300, Bis/bas

Third language (L3) acquisition differs from first language (L1) and second language (L2) acquisition. There are different views on whether L1 or L2 is of primary influence on L3 acquisition in terms of transfer. This study examines differences in the event-related brain potentials (ERP) response to agreement incongruencies between L1 Spanish speakers and L3 Spanish learners, comparing response differences to incongruencies that are transferrable from the learners' L1 (Swedish), or their L2 (English). Whereas verb incongruencies, available in L3 learners' L2 but not their L1, engendered a similar response for L1 speakers and L3 learners, adjective incongruencies, available in L3 learners' L1 but not their L2, elicited responses that differed between groups: Adjective incongruencies engendered a negativity in the 450-550 ms time window for L1 speakers only. Both congruent and incongruent adjectives also engendered an enhanced P3 wave in L3 learners compared to L1 speakers. Since the P300 correlates with task-related, strategic processing , this indicates that L3 learners process grammatical features that are transferrable from their L1 in a less automatic mode than features that are transferrable from their L2. L3 learners therefore seem to benefit more from their knowledge of their L2 than their knowledge of their L1.

- by Thomas Hörberg and +1
- •
- Second Language Acquisition, Third Language Acqusition, Language Comprehension, Language Processing
- by Mathieu Petieau and +1
- •
- Brain-computer interfaces, P300

P300 detection is known to be challenging task, as P300 potentials are buried in a large amount of noise. In standard recording of P300 signals, activity at the reference site affects measurements at all the active electrode sites. Analyses of P300 data would be improved if reference site activity could be separated out. This step is an important one before the extraction of P300 features. The essential goal is to improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR) significantly, i.e. to separate the task-related signal from the noise content, and therefore is likely to support the most accurate and rapid P300 Speller. Different techniques have been proposed to remove common sources of artifacts in raw EEG signals. In this research, twelve different techniques have been investigated along with their application for P300 speller in three different Datasets. The results as a whole demonstrate that common average reference CAR technique proved best able to distinguish between targets and non-targets. It was significantly superior to the other techniques.

- by Anas A Hadi
- •
- Reference, EEG, P300, Classification
- by Vincent Egan
- •
- Intelligence, P300, IQ, Brain Volume
- by Yoshiaki Kikuchi
- •
- Auditory Neuroscience, P300, Hippocampus

The present study compared two group of subjects with intellectual disability. The 44 subjects in group 1 had equivalent verbal and performance IQs (67 and 54, respectively), while the 12 subjects in group 2 had an intellectual performance IQ which was ≥10 points above their verbal performance IQ (80 and 65, respectively). The second group showed an alpha peak at a higher frequency and an evoked potential closer to normality. The decrease in the voltage of the P300 wave in group 1 was especially significant. The cognitive evoked potentials were also different between the two groups.

- by Jorge Muñoz-Ruata
- •
- Intellectual Disability, ERP, P300, IQ
- by Palaniappan Ramaswamy
- •
- Brain-computer interfaces, P300, Password Technology

Our sense of agency is thought to arise from the predictive nature of the action system. While previous research supports the role of motor-specific identity prediction in the sense of agency, it remains unclear whether identity-specific predictions (e.g., the pitch of a tone) that are not uniquely associated with specific motor responses also have a significant role. In the present study, we recorded EEG activity during an interval estimation task to assess the impact of these identity-specific predictions on intentional binding, N1 suppression, and the P3b component. Intentional binding was found for all tones that followed self-made actions, regardless of identity-specific predictability of the tone (i.e., the probability of that specific tone following the action). For the N1 component, consequent tones that followed any preceding event, whether it was an action or initial control tone, resulted in N1 suppression; however, this N1 suppression was not significantly influenced by identity-specific predictions. In contrast, the P3b component was significantly influenced by identity-specific predictions, with a significantly larger P3b elicited by more unexpected tones (i.e., prediction-incongruent tones) than expected tones (i.e., prediction-congruent tones). The overall P3b response was also larger for tones following self-made actions. Based on these P3b findings, it appears that higher-cognitive processes are needed to track violations of identity-specific prediction when a single motor command elicits different sensory events. In conclusion, identity-specific predictions that are not associated with specific motor responses have a minimal impact on implicit measures of agency such as intentional binding and N1 suppression.

- by Kelsey Perrykkad
- •
- EEG, Sense of agency, Intentional binding, P300

Research into Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs), which spell words using brain signals, has revealed that a desktop version of such a speller, the edges paradigm, offers several advantages: This edges paradigm outperforms the benchmark row-column paradigm in terms of accuracy, bitrate, and user experience. It has remained unknown whether these advantages prevailed with a new version of the edges paradigm designed for a mobile device. This paper investigated and evaluated in a rolling wheelchair a mobile BCI, which implemented the edges paradigm on small displays with which visual crowding tends to occur. How the mobile edge paradigm outperforms the mobile row-column paradigm has implications for understanding how principles of visual neurocognition affect BCI speller use in a mobile context. This investigation revealed that all the overall advantages of the edges paradigm over the row-column paradigm prevailed in this setting. However, the reduction in adjacent errors for the edges paradigm was unprecedentedly limited to horizontal adjacent errors. The interpretation offered is that dimensional constraints of visual interface design on a smartphone thus affected the neurocognitive processes of crowding.

- by Qasem Obeidat and +1
- •
- Non-Invasive BCI, P300, BCI, Visual Crowding

The present study analyses the modulatory effects of affective pictures in the early posterior negativity (EPN),
the late positive potential (LPP) and the human startle response on both the peripheral (eye blink EMG) and
central neurophysiological levels (Probe P3), during passive affective pictures viewing. The affective pictures
categories were balanced in terms of valence (pleasant; unpleasant) and arousal (high; low). The data shows
that EPN may be sensitive to specific stimulus characteristics (affective relevant pictures versus neutral pictures)
associated with early stages of attentional processing. In later stages, the heightened attentional resource
allocation aswell as themotivated significance of the affective stimuliwas found to elicit enhancedamplitudes of
slow wave processes thought to be related to enhanced encoding, namely LPP,. Although pleasant low arousing
pictureswere effective in engaging the resources involved in the slowwave processes, the highly arousing affective
stimuli (pleasant and unpleasant) were found to produce the largest enhancement of the LPP, suggesting
that high arousing stimulimay are associatedwith increasedmotivational significance. Additionally the response
to high arousing stimulimay be suggestive of increasedmotivational attention, given the heightened attentional
allocation, as expressed in the P3 probe, especially for the pleasant pictures. The hedonic valencemay then serve
as amediator of the attentional inhibition to the affective priming, potentiating or inhibiting a shift towards
defensive activation, as measured by the startle reflex

- by Sandra Carvalho
- •
- Affective Neuroscience, P300, Startle Reflex, Emotional processing
- by Palaniappan Ramaswamy
- •
- Cognitive Science, Biometrics, P300

Stroke is a major threat in human life because it can cause disability and mortality. Cognitive impairment in early stroke is strong predictor for long term vascular cognitive impairment while neuropsychology method
is superior than conventional method to diagnose cognitive impairment, especially P300. To identify the association between P300 values and MoCA-Ina in vascular cognitive impairment post
ischemic stroke patients. It is a cross sectional design study for ischemic stroke patients who suffered from vascular cognitive impairment during April to June 2018 in Neurology Clinic of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar. The statistical analysis was performed by Pearson’s correlation test. Result: There were 20 samples, male (60%) and female (40%). The average MoCA-Ina score was 19.35±6.06; the
average P300 latency in Fz, Cz, and Pz were 370.22±49.01ms, 360.78±38.27ms, and 361.02±44.45ms, respectively; the average P300 in Fz, Cz, and Pz amplitude were 6.09±3.10µV, 5.67±3.49µV, and 6.10±2.77µV, respectively. The Pearson’s showed that P300 latency had significantly correlation with MoCA-Ina score while no correlation between the P300
amplitude and MoCA-Ina. There was correlation between P300 latency with MoCA-Ina in vascular cognitive impairment post ischemic stroke patients

- by Muhammad Iqbal Basri
- •
- Cognitive Neuroscience, P300, Ischemic Stroke, Vascular Cognitive Impairment

The present overview is a compilation of the results of
several event-related potential (ERP) studies on auditory
cortical processing, performed in the Evoked Potential
Laboratory of the University Medical Centre of Nijmegen.
To study speech perception performance in cochlear
implant (CI) subjects, ERPs were obtained from subjects
with poor and moderate performance. The present report
describes the relationships between speech-coding strategies, the presentation of speech by the Cl processor, the
P300 potential as a measure of speech discrimination,
time effects in the long term and speech recognition in
relation to ERPs.

- by Andy Beynon
- •
- Speech Processing, P300, Event-Related Potentials, Cochlear Implants
- by Palaniappan Ramaswamy
- •
- EEG, P300, BCI
- by Palaniappan Ramaswamy
- •
- EEG, Wavelets, P300
- by Pietro Cipresso and +2
- •
- Assessment, Brain-computer interfaces, Measurement and Evaluation, Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)

Brain-Computer interfacing (BCI) has currently added a new dimension in assistive robotics. Existing brain-computer interfaces designed for position control applications suffer from two fundamental limitations. First, most of the existing schemes employ open-loop control, and thus are unable to track positional errors, resulting in failures in taking necessary online corrective actions. There are examples of a few works dealing with closed-loop electroencephalography (EEG)-based position control. These existing closed-loop brain-induced position control schemes employ a fixed order link selection rule, which often creates a bottleneck preventing time-efficient control. Second, the existing brain-induced position controllers are designed to generate a position response like a traditional first-order system, resulting in a large steady-state error. This paper overcomes the above two limitations by keeping provisions for steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) induced link-selection in an arbitrary order as required for efficient control and generating a second-order response of the position-control system with gradually diminishing overshoots/undershoots to reduce steady-state errors. Other than the above, the third innovation is to utilize motor imagery and P300 signals to design the hybrid brain-computer interfacing system for the said application with gradually diminishing error-margin using speed reversal at the zero-crossings of positional errors. Experiments undertaken reveal that the steady-state error is reduced to 0.2%. The paper also provides a thorough analysis of the stability of the closed-loop system performance using the Root Locus technique.

- by IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica
- •
- Electroencephalography, P300, Brain Computer Interfacing, Motor Imagery