Philanthropy Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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- Public Opinion, Philanthropy, Mexico

Although intergenerational family transfers of private wealth should be limited on grounds of intergenerational justice, these same grounds can provide states with pro tanto reasons to support intergenerational charitable transfers of private wealth. This is because, given their distinctive governance structure and ability to exist over long time horizons, philanthropic institutions, unlike the nuclear family, can and should play three distinctive roles in helping a society fulfill its intergenerational obligations. First, they can be harnessed to counteract the short-termism and presentism of the democratic process, in a way that promotes the long-term interests of future generations. Second, they can supplement political institutions in fulfilling the ultimate purpose of the just savings principle, in circumstances where a regression from the steady-stage state to the accumulation stage is possible but highly unlikely. Third, they can complement political institutions in securing the reproduction of a particular form of capital—social capital—over time.

- by Chiara Cordelli and +1
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- Business Ethics, Political Philosophy, Corporate Social Responsibility, Political Theory

The authors present an overview of the academic literature on charitable giving based on a literature review of more than 500 articles. They structure their review around the central question of why people donate money to charitable organizations. We identify eight mechanisms as the most important forces that drive charitable giving: (a) awareness of need; (b) solicitation; (c) costs and benefits; (d) altruism; (e) reputation; (f) psychological benefits; (g) values; (h) efficacy. These mechanisms can provide a basic theoretical framework for future research explaining charitable giving.

- by Pamala Wiepking
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- Marketing, Sociology, Social Psychology, Economics

The Economy of Endowments: the case of Roman associations,” In Koenraad Verboven, Katelijn Vandorpe and Véronique Chankowski-Sable (eds.), ‘Pistoi dia tèn technèn’. Bankers, loans and archives in the Ancient World. Studies in honour of Raymond Bogaert, Studia Hellenistica 44. Leuven, Peeters, 2008: 231-256. For reviews of the book, see, e.g., Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2010.05.02.

- by Jinyu Liu
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- Banking, Ancient economies (Archaeology), Social History, Latin Epigraphy

• Recent efforts to grow and strengthen the culture of philanthropy in the UK have largely focused on two dimensions: the total amount of money donated and the effectiveness of philanthropic spending. This paper explores a third dimension: the destination and distribution of donations. A defining characteristic of charitable giving is that it is voluntary rather than coerced, and the resulting respect for donor autonomy makes people wary of promoting one cause above another or implying that any beneficiary group is more or less 'worthy' of support. However, the absence of much comment on, or significant research into, the destination of donations does not alter the fact that some groups succeed in attracting significant philanthropic funds whilst others struggle to secure many— or any—donations. This paper explores the concept of 'unpopularity' in the charity sector, especially in relation to its impact on fundraising. We unpack what this loaded phrase means, identify good practice by those seeking support and present case studies of charities that have overcome perceived unpopularity to achieve success in raising voluntary income. We suggest that by investing organisational resources and effort in fundraising, by framing the cause to maximise the arousal of sympathy and minimise concerns about beneficiary culpability and by avoiding the unintended negative consequences of self-labelling as 'unpopular' no charity need assume it is their destiny to languish at the bottom of the fundraising league tables.

- by Alison Body and +1
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- Fundraising, Philanthropy

The Venerable Cheng-yen is an unassuming Taiwanese Buddhist nun who leads a worldwide social welfare movement with five million devotees in over thirty countries—with its largest branch in the United States. Tzu-Chi (Compassion Relief)... more

- by C. Julia Huang
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- Buddhism, Asian Studies, Philanthropy, Charity

Social enterprises (SE) emerge where there are opportunities to find new ways to balance otherwise competing interests and to achieve social purposes in ways that are better than and distinct from traditional approaches. Understanding whether the zoo and its elements are achieving these purposes, making progress, or causing harm is complicated and difficult. The challenges begin with assessing essential things that cannot be measured easily or well. They continue with how SE simultaneously has social impact at so many levels: individual, organizational, communal, within and among parts of the zoo, and society as a whole. They are exacerbated by the need to account for gains in one social impact area possibly being accompanied by harm in another. Of course, being complicated or challenging or even presently unprovable is no excuse for not trying. In that spirit this chapter approaches assessing the social impact of SE, its potential, and its distinguishing character at three key leve...

- by John Tyler
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- Social Entrepreneurship, Political Science, Social Enterprises, Philanthropy

Giving circles are growing in number in the U.S., U.K., and elsewhere. They involve individuals pooling resources and deciding together where and how to give these away. They also include social, educational, and volunteer opportunities for members. Most work on giving circles to date has focused on the contributions they make to nonprofit organizations as a means to address community problems. This paper focuses on the dual purposes of giving circles to 1) serve members as self-help/mutual aid groups for wealthy and other philanthropists and 2) provide resources to the community. Based on data gathered through interviews, document analysis and secondary data, the paper asserts that giving circles provide their greatest value as self-help/mutual aid sources for members rather than as mechanisms for addressing community problems and this has important implications for the expectations of voluntary institutions in a new governance/risk environment.

- by Angela M Eikenberry
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- Philanthropy, Self-help, Giving Circles

Individual Giving and Philanthropy in Turkey 2021 Report, which presents comprehensive and up-to-date data on individual giving and philanthropy. Co-authored by Prof. Dr. Ali Çarkoğlu and Assoc. Professor Selim Erdem Aytaç from Koç University Center for Civil Society and Philanthropy Research, the report presents data under sections Perceptions of Civil Society, Individual Giving and Giving Motivations in Turkey. Referencing the earlier research conducted by TÜSEV, the report also provides a comparative analysis of the change that took place in the field of individual giving in Turkey over a 15-year period. We hope that the report we published will contribute to the field of individual giving in Turkey.

- by ALI Çarkoğlu
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- Turkey, Charitable giving, Philanthropy, Modern Turkey
- by Elise Liu
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- Critical Theory, Social Sciences, Cause Related Marketing, Social Enterprises

Despite affirmative actions such as reserved government employment, incentives and subsidies for employers, tax exemptions, skill development training etc., employment opportunities for persons with disabilities in India continue to be characterized by lower workforce participation, lower wages, lack of or limited career advancement, and discrimination in the workplace. While there has been some research on the presence of persons with disabilities in formal employment, such studies have lacked critical assessment of the underlying conceptions of (dis)ability and its interface with changes in the wider political and economic context. Using a case study approach, this article examines the outcomes of three employment initiatives in India. We contend that work and employment opportunities for persons with disabilities remain trapped in constructs of ableism; while neoliberalism has resulted in complex, often adverse outcomes that have received little attention. The article calls for developing a more critical research agenda and building capacities for wider contestation against ableism and neoliberalism. This article examines the outcomes of recent efforts to employ persons with disabilities in India. It attempts to unmask the underlying ableist assumptions of such efforts and to critique the complex interface between ableism and neoliberalism. We begin with a brief overview of the present employment status of persons with disabilities in India, followed by a brief account of recent efforts to increase their employment opportunities, which highlights the popularity and

- by Arun Kumar
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- Development Studies, South Asia, Critical Management Studies, Modern Indian History

My study is prompted by reflecting how seldom when reading fiction I come across the world I am familiar with – our world of voluntary organisations, volunteering, charities, voluntarism and philanthropy. In this paper I focus on crime fiction, which as a genre claims to deal with contemporary issues and where I find incidents of voluntarism and philanthropy feature in the stories. I focus particularly on a sub-genre of women writers (notably Muller and Paretsky) who appropriated the tradition of the ‘hard-boiled’ private eye and created women detectives who tackle crime and injustice and are rooted in their communities and its organisations. I analyse instances from their stories (and wider contemporary crime fiction) and refer to critical and theoretical literature to examine: how their settings, characters and plots engage with voluntarism and philanthropy; and what they tell us about popular expectations of our world.

- by Michael Locke
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- Community Engagement & Participation, Crime fiction, Philanthropy, Volunteering

This volume examines the role of charity in empire formations from a diachronic and transregional perspective. It focuses upon the beliefs, discourses, and practices of charity that developed within Christianity and the roles they played in the West’s imperial projects, from the first global empires that emerged from the Iberian Peninsula in the sixteenth century to projects of philanthro-imperialism in modern China. This volume exposes the complex religious, economic, political, and cultural roles that charity has played in imperial projects and increases our consciousness of the ways it continues to shape global politics. It shines light on the way in which governing bodies, institutions, and individuals have instrumentalised charity to achieve a range of strategic functions whilst shaping the narrative and image of their power. Viewing empire through the lens of charity also provides the opportunity to bring not only the rich but also the poor into focus and to explore the ways they have been active subjects negotiating for a range of material and immaterial resources in imperial contexts.

- by Julia McClure
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- Philanthropy, Charity, Colonialism and Imperialism

Claude Pinard est Directeur exécutif de la Fondation Mirella et Lino Saputo, une fondation familiale privée basée à Montréal. La Fondation se consacre à un meilleur exercice social et économique des personnes handicapées des personnes âgées et des personnes issues de l’immigration . Au cours des 30 dernières années, Claude a perfectionné ses compétences en communication, relations publiques, philanthropie, marketing et gestion du sport professionnel dans les secteurs privé et public. Il est actuellement président du conseil d’administration de la Maison de l’innovation sociale au Québec et est membre du conseil d’administration de Fondations philanthropiques Canada et du Conseil mondial de la Social Innovation Exchange (SIX), basé à Londres, en Angleterre. Il est également membre du comité consultatif de l’Initiative Impact Canada.

Le terme de « philanthropie » est apparu dans le cadre de luttes entre groupes sociaux et sert aujourd'hui encore d'étendard dans des processus de distinction entre acteurs sociaux. Cet article, basé sur une discussion de la littérature, rappelle d'abord, et dans une perspective historique, un certain nombre d'enjeux liés à l'usage, par différents acteurs sociaux, de ce terme en opposition à d'autres (que cela soit ceux de charité, de bienfaisance ou d'altruisme). Il questionne alors les options favorisées par les chercheurs en termes de perspectives d'analyse : en particulier, si deux voies semblent le plus souvent privilégiées – faire le choix des réflexions liées aux travaux sur le don, ou au contraire montrer la spécificité de la philanthropie – cet article questionne les conséquences de tels choix de perspectives sur la mise au jour des dimensions proprement politiques de la philanthropie. Abstract " On the use of the term philanthropy ". The term "philanthropy" has emerged in the context of struggles between social groups and is still used today as a label in processes of distinction between social actors. It is therefore a term with stakes. This article is based on a discussion of the literature, and analyzes from a historical perspective a number of issues related to the use of this term (in opposition to others like charity, benevolence, or altruism) by different social actors. It then questions the challenge for researchers wishing to mobilize such the term, in the light of the stakes associated with the choice of analytic perspectives. If two approaches seem to be most often favored – the conceptual framework behind the notion of the gift as discussed by Marcel Mauss or, to the contrary, a perspective that insists on the specificity of philanthropy in opposition to other forms of giving – this article questions the consequences of such choices and highlights the political dimensions of philanthropy.

- by Alexandre Lambelet
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- Philanthropy

Fundraisers play a vital role in the success of nonprofit organizations, yet relatively little is known about the experiences, motivations, and thought processes that inform their career choice and development. This exploratory, cross‐comparative case study of 3 fundraisers addresses this gap in the literature by examining some formative influences on fundraisers' careers, their professional growth aspirations and opportunities, and how, if at all, they engage in personal philanthropy. Results suggest that fundraisers' aptitudes, skills, and abilities may influence their career choice more than a sense of connection to the nonprofit sector or organizational mission. Further, fundraisers seek opportunities to exercise leadership at the individual, organizational, and community levels. Additionally, their personal philanthropy and social embeddedness play integral roles in their professional development. Although not large enough for generalization, these results suggest the need to study fundraisers holistically, including their psychological development and social embeddedness over time. We argue for the need to move beyond traditional marketing and public relations perspectives to explain fundraising. Instead, future studies should adopt a service‐dominant logic framing that considers fundraisers as part of a larger philanthropic ecosystem. We conclude with several questions to guide future studies toward this line of inquiry.

Conflicting cultural and religious values pose challenges-challenges that are too often ignored-to efforts to comprehend and to solve tough social problems. Value-conflict challenges call for much more thoughtful attention both by analysts seeking to understand the sources of problems, and by advocates for particular solutions. This contribution to the ARNOVA Policy Brief series draws on a wide range of historical and social research to advance its argument for recognizing value conflicts.

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- by Sylvain Lefèvre and +1
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- Social Change, Philanthropy, Social Innovation, NGOs funding and management

In recent years, some public officials and advocacy groups have urged that private philanthropies be subject to more uniform standards and stricter government regulation—ranging from board composition to grant distribution to philanthropies' charitable purposes. A major justification cited by advocates of these proposals is the claim that the charitable tax exemption and deduction are government subsidies, and thus philanthropic funds are "public money" and should be publicly controlled. Some advocates also claim that philanthropic assets are public money because philanthropies operate under state charters and are subject to state oversight. In the second edition of this monograph , legal scholars Evelyn Brody and John Tyler evaluate the legal basis of the "public money" claim. They conclude that it is not well founded in legal authority. State oversight of philanthropies is not based on an assertion that philanthropies are subject to state direction or that their assets belong to the public, they write. Similarly, the fact that philanthropies have state charters does not make them state agencies or subject them to the constraints that apply to public bodies. Finally, the philanthropies and their donors receive their federal tax benefits in return for the obligation to pursue public rather than private purposes and to comply with the laws designed to ensure the pursuit of such purposes. There is no evidence, Brody and Tyler find, that these benefits were meant to give government other types of control over philanthropies.

Philanthropy is an important and highly rewarding way to make a difference in a rapidly changing world Like the world around us, philanthropy is changing and transforming, and philanthropic families are seeking out new ways to ensure that... more

- by Peter Vogel and +1
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- Family Business, Philanthropy, Family Office, Charity

A giving circle is an example of collective philanthropy where donors pool their financial capital to support a non-profit organisation. While giving circles have existed for decades, they are funding a fresh expression as individuals rediscover the advantages of giving together.
Our previous study on giving circles reviewed 35 circles, which we classified as either indigenous or affiliated to networks outside the region, in eight Asian countries. These giving circles demonstrate a wide variety of styles and models. Some circles are informal and volunteer managed; others are more structured and use professional staff. While all giving circles encourage their members to do more than make a donation, some utilise the skills and networks of their members to provide consulting expertise for the non-profits they support.
In this new study we list 66 known indigenous and transplanted giving circles in 10 Asian countries. We surveyed the members of 38 of these giving circles to understand how membership influences an individual’s knowledge of, and attitude towards, their community, social issues, nonprofits and philanthropy. The survey also explored how joining a giving circle changes the amount given and the ways in which people choose to give. A number of non-profits were asked about their experience of being supported by giving circles and how this contrasted with the support they received from more traditional donors.

- by Rob John
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- Asian Studies, Philanthropy, Giving Circles

A wave of restrictive legislation is sweeping the globe, cracking down on foreign funding. Authors present data suggesting that these groups are most vulnerable to harsh legislation the more foreign aid the country recives, and in the... more

- by James Ron
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- Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Foreign Aid, Philanthropy, Elections

Foundations and philanthropy currently play a very limited role in the Swedish welfare. The same is true in fields like Culture and Recreation or International Activities. Only in the case of funding of research do Swedish foundations exhibit a role possible to define in terms of substitution rather than weak complementarity in relation to government. Despite marginal positions for philanthropy, Sweden displays a wealthy as well as growing foundation population, which seems like a paradox, at least in comparison to the situation in Germany and the United States where foundations traditionally play a more visible and pronounced role in society. A striking difference between the Swedish foundations and their U.S. or German counterparts is their weak bonds to religious communities or causes. Instead, we can identify in our new data set a growing segment of the Swedish foundation world that is affiliated with other parts of civil society. The same is true for the category of independent foundations, which points toward the U.S. model. We find in the article some limited support for a “philanthropic turn” in Sweden, but overall the foundation world is still deeply embedded in the social contract and strong Social-Democratic regime of the 20th century. In comparison to neighboring Scandinavian or Nordic countries, both similarities and differences are identified where, for example, the Norwegian case display a much larger segment of operating foundations, closely affiliated with government, while in Denmark, on the other hand, the corporate-owning foundation seems to be a much more important form than in Sweden.

- by Stefan Einarsson
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- Welfare State, Philanthropy, Civil Society, Civil Society Organizations

Graduation day often includes an oration by a Vice-Chancellor or President reminding the newest cohort of alumni to "keep in touch" with their alma mater. Often, graduates dismiss this invitation instead of embracing this lifelong opportunity. As the only constant-and constantly growing-stakeholder group of higher education institutions, this research analyses the wide range of interactive opportunities offered to alumni over their lifetime. This research probes the common "student as customer" rhetoric through the lens of a supposition presented by Newman (2005) of interactive participation in public systems: in this case graduates and their universities. These interactive opportunities are organised using an alumni relationship building cycle (Gallo 2012), allowing the alumni-university connection to evolve under the themes affiliation, affinity, engagement and support. A case study of an Irish higher education institution demonstrates some concrete examples of the interactions, and thus opportunities, available to alumni.

- by Maria Fernanda Ruiz Gallo
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- Higher Education, Alumni Communication, Alumni Relations, Philanthropy

Research Question: The current research examined the effect of an athlete promoting his philanthropic efforts to his Instagram followers. Specifically, we assessed how adopting this strategy impacted his followers' perceptions of, and level of fandom towards, his personal brand. Research Methods: We used a longitudinal research design including a pre-intervention survey, an intervention, and a post-intervention survey separated by a six-month interval. We analysed free-thought brand associations, perceptions of athlete philanthropy, and levels of fandom reported by an athlete's Instagram followers from two independent samples (N T1 = 165; N T2 = 172) and a longitudinal sample (N = 32). Results and Findings: Results indicated that the athlete's promotion of his philanthropic activities positively impacted his brand image. This change was characterized by a shift from the prominence of sport-specific brand attributes to perceptions of overall character. In addition, followers reported increased perceptions of the athlete's engagement in philanthropy, and stronger levels of overall fandom towards the athlete. Research Implications: Findings demonstrated the promotion of philanthropic activities impacted the brand associations consumers linked to the athlete's personal brand, and strengthened the overall connection between the athlete and his followers. Findings extend athlete branding knowledge and provide practical implications to inform how athletes and agents may implement social media brand management. ARTICLE HISTORY

- by Thilo Kunkel
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- Corporate Social Responsibility, Sport Marketing, Philanthropy, Athletes

Blog Post for Transformation

- by Erica Kohl-Arenas
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- Social Movements (Political Science), Philanthropy, Inequality

The current economical context and the decrease of public funding forces museums in Quebec to increase their fundraising incomes. While cultural institutions have to diversify its philanthropic strategies to renew their donor pool, we... more

- by Violette Loget and +1
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- Museum Studies, Philanthropy

While US private philanthropic foundations are small in comparison with other international donors, the Ford Foundation was an important international actor and the biggest player within international philanthropy for almost 50 years. US-funded think tanks and research centers articulated various iterations of a development paradigm, but these paradigms shifted over the same 50 years. What are the driving forces behind these shifts? Why, for instance, were US foundations working directly with government officials in the 1950s while in the 1990s working mostly through non-governmental organizations? This article seeks first to trace the major shifts in the way the Ford Foundation engaged in international development and second aims to explain how and why these shifts took place. In order to conduct this research, I relied on archival research, such as annual reports, minutes from congressional hearings, and internal unpublished reports, and interviews with former high-level employees at Ford Foundation. In addition, I coded and analyzed a database of more than 40,000 grants from the Ford Foundation from 1951 to 2001.The article analyzes the Ford Foundation through four mechanisms of change:internal leadership, external regulation, displacement by competitors, and domestic pressures. These four factors are set against the backdrop of wider shifts in international politics.

- by Nicholas R Micinski
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- Development Studies, International Development, Foreign Aid, Philanthropy

This short collective biography of the Founders of the National Trust outlines what personal and professional ties united the Trust's epistemic community in the 1890s and shows how the founders integrated the Trust into wider world of... more

- by Astrid Swenson
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- British History, Heritage Conservation, Networks, Philanthropy
- by Ivan Mirnik
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- Jewish History, Philanthropy, Modern Jewish History

Shat-hast samāhār sahasra-hast sankir" [Collect with a hundred hands and give it away with a thousand] -Vedic sūkti In 2005 in New Delhi, I sat in a car with my son, who was three at the time. A woman in tattered clothes ran to the car and demanded medicines for her son, who was slumped over the shoulder of a man a few cars down the road. Just beyond the hysterical woman, I caught the eye of an auto-rickshaw driver in the next lane. Looking at me, he shook his finger as if to say, "Don't give money to them." I followed his social directive, the light changed from red to green, and they ran toward another car. My son often tried to talk to beggar children who tapped on the windows. The immediacy of his response was visceral and emotional, not filtered through moral judgments and political frames, as were my attempts to theorize poverty and charity. Both my son and I worked to create categories to understand what we saw on the street. However, while my son focused on the moment of confronting others in need, and the impulse to respond, my vision was clouded by the sinking feeling that I must do more than identify the problem. There must be solutions. I could not notice suffering and drive away without putting it into a web of causality-how did they get there? Why were they destitute? What was their story? What could be done?

- by Erica Bornstein
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- Philanthropy

University of Nebraska Press, 2017

- by Molly McClain
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- Biography, Philanthropy, California History, Womens History

in F. Bikmen and R. Zincir (eds.) Philanthropy in Turkey, Citizens, Foundations and the Pursuit of Social Justice, Istanbul: TÜSEV (Third Sector Foundation of Turkey) Publications. Available at... more

- by ALI Çarkoğlu
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- Islam in Turkey, Philanthropy, Modern Turkey, Vaqf and religious donations

This paper examines the strategic use of corporate philanthropy in the 1990s by UK building societies faced with an intensification of societal pressure to change legal form from mutual to corporate status. While the economic case for mutuality has been made elsewhere, this paper examines the observation that community relationships were thought by management to be capable of assisting in the strategic positioning of mutual societies with regard to their legal form. By increasing charitable giving to respond to the level of societal scrutiny and discussion on the issue of mutuality, this paper argues that charitable giving, as one proxy for community involvement, was used as a strategic tool to deflect calls for demutualisation, thereby preserving the existing mutual status of building societies.

- by Richard Slack
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- Philanthropy
- by Beth Breeze
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- Charitable giving, Philanthropy, Impact of recession

Entre 2000 et 2018, la Fondation Lucie et André Chagnon (ci-après, Fondation) a connu de profondes transformations. Afin d’étudier son évolution historique, notre équipe de recherche, constituée de chercheurs du Centre de recherche sur les innovations sociales (CRISES) et du PhiLab, a réalisé deux études pour la Fondation. La première, lancée en 2011 et terminée en 2012, a centré son regard sur la période allant de 2000 à 2010. La deuxième étude, réalisée en 2018, a permis de couvrir la période s’étendant de 2009 à 2018. Le présent rapport présente les résultats de ces deux études.

- by ARCHIE B CARROLL
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- Strategic Management, Philanthropy, Corporate Philanthropy

Irène Sesmaisons cumule plus de 20 ans d'expérience dans le management d'organismes à but non lucratif. Depuis 2016, elle est directrice de Efiscens, société de conseil spécialisée dans l'évaluation de projets de développement dans les... more

Lors de la dernière campagne électorale fédérale, le Parti libéral du Canada a pris un engagement d'envergure, celui de permettre « aux organismes caritatifs de faire leur travail au nom des Canadiens, libre de l'influence politique ». Dans son communiqué du 15 août 2018, le gouvernement mentionnait que « (…) les organismes de bienfaisance offrent de précieux services aux Canadiens et jouent un rôle primordial dans la société canadienne. Nous reconnaissons la valeur et l'expérience que les organismes de bienfaisance apportent au débat public et à l'élaboration des politiques publiques. Comme il a été clairement indiqué dans nos lettres de mandat, notre gouvernement est déterminé à clarifier les règles qui régissent la participation des organismes de bienfaisance aux activités politiques et nous prenons les mesures nécessaires pour aller de l'avant avec cet engagement ». Ces modifications apportées à la Loi de l'impôt sur le revenu (LIR) viennent ébranler les fondements sur lesquels repose le cadre juridique régissant les activités politiques des Organismes de bienfaisance enregistrés (OBE). En effet, cette reconnaissance de leur droit à l'engagement politique provoque une redéfinition de ce qu'il est entendu par action charitable. Cela nous amène nécessairement à questionner le rôle que ce secteur est appelé à jouer dans la vie démocratique de la société canadienne. Afin de jeter un éclairage sur la réforme de la LIR et mieux comprendre les implications pour le secteur de la bienfaisance, nous proposons, dans le cadre de cet article, d'aborder trois dimensions. Dans un premier temps, par souci de contextualisation, nous rétablirons brièvement la suite des évènements ayant conduit à cette décision du gouvernement Trudeau. Dans un deuxième temps, nous expliquerons en quoi ce changement de la loi participe à une transformation du système canadien de régulation de la bienfaisance. Enfin, nous terminerons en explorant des pistes de réflexion pour identifier d'éventuelles répercussions que pourrait avoir cette reconnaissance du rôle politique des OBE.

- by David Grant-Poitras and +1
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- Regulation And Governance, Democratization, Democracy, Philanthropy

Although Switzerland was never formally a colonial power, it was attached to many quasi-colonies such as settlements of Swiss missionary societies, which were financed and managed with money, personnel, and ideas from Switzerland. Including these settlements into Swiss social history narratives holds a lot of innovative analytical potential, as this article seeks to illuminate. It highlights the connections between 19th century philanthropic struggles against poverty in Switzerland and efforts to proselytise 'hindu heathens' in India. These historical connections did, however, not result in shared historical experiences and forms of consciousness among Swiss 'proletarians' and 'Christian Hindus' in India. Although people on both sides of the 'imperial divide' were subjected to similar forms of bourgeois 'civilizing missions', they were also divided according to social, gender, and racial hierarchies.

- by Bernhard C . Schär
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- History of India, Swiss History, Missionary History, Social History

The archival holdings of the Rockefeller Archive Center (RAC) are a valuable resource for the history of expertise. I have used several of the RAC collections to write a social history of the interchange of knowledge between Polish social scientists and American internationalists in the 1920s and the 1930s. I would like to see this story as the Continental prehistory of American area studies. This report offers an overview of my work at the RAC, in particular, the types of materials I have looked through. It briefly discusses how the evidence enriched my understanding of the ways that expert knowledge traveled between Eastern Europe and the United States.