Rental Housing Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Berlin’s housing market has been undergoing rapid and drastic changes in recent years. With a population increase of over 700.000 citizens over the last decade and an increase of rent prices by over 50% in the course of that timespan, the... more

Berlin’s housing market has been undergoing rapid and drastic changes
in recent years. With a population increase of over 700.000 citizens
over the last decade and an increase of rent prices by over 50% in
the course of that timespan, the competition for obtaining a housing
contract has risen immensely. This thesis documents the implementation of a system which allows the collection and analysis of Berlin housing data and provides a web application in which users can explore Berlins rental landscape, through an interactive and informative experience, as well as intuitive and understandable data visualization for users of all data literacy levels.

Between 3 and 5 million households in India live in slums that occupy Urban Local Body (ULB) lands. These households lack security of tenure and are liable for eviction, a condition that discourages them from investing in their own... more

Between 3 and 5 million households in India live in slums that occupy Urban Local Body (ULB) lands. These households lack security of tenure and are liable for eviction, a condition that discourages them from investing in their own socio-economic development. Unless the land which these slums are occupying is hazardous, or required for critical city infrastructure, ULBs can extend a “Land Rental” model to these communities. This paper argues for the conversion of slums occupying ULB lands to rental housing, thus redefining the household as tenant and the ULB the social landlord that rents land to the household. Such a model will provide much-needed security of tenure to these vulnerable households. At the same time, ULBs can recover a nominal rent on the land, creating a win-win situation. An added advantage will be that the tenants, usually more than a third of the households in a slum, can also continue their life without disruption as the housing unit continues to be recognised as an asset of the slum household. ULBs can gain a significant source of revenue even at nominal rental rates, enabling them to raise market finance when required and thus increasing their fiscal autonomy. The following sections outline the case for this proposition, strategic options for its implementation and potential threats and opportunities.

Recent 'studentification' processes raise issues regarding the positive and negative impacts of student influx on the urban environment. The positive impacts discussed in the literature include urban core revitalization,... more

Recent 'studentification' processes raise issues regarding the positive and negative impacts of student influx on the urban environment. The positive impacts discussed in the literature include urban core revitalization, employment generation and economic growth. The negative externalities comprise the formation of temporary sub-communities, competition with low-income groups in the rental housing market, and an increase in traffic volume. The current study adds to the literature by focusing on the influence of student influx on rent prices. The importance of this issue derives from the need to understand the net effect of the contradicting impacts of 'studentification' on contemporary urban development for policy implications. While student influx is considered a promising force of urban regeneration, in the literature concerns were raised regarding the detrimental effect of students' temporary sub-communities. The impact of 'studentification' on rent pr...

The PRS has seen a steady increase since 2000 (Figure 1). This reflects complex societal changes which are taking place across the UK and beyond. The supply of private rental property has clearly been stimulated by the deregulation of... more

The PRS has seen a steady increase since 2000 (Figure 1). This reflects complex societal changes which are taking place across the UK and beyond. The supply of private rental property has clearly been stimulated by the deregulation of private tenancies, and the availability of Buy-to-Let mortgages since the 1990s. Increased demand from students, mobile professionals, international migrants and those willing but unable to buy their first home has also stimulated the supply of the PRS alongside the contraction of other renting options through Right-to-Buy policies. While increasing house prices have made homeownership less attainable for many, it has increased the attractiveness of buying-to-let for those individuals who were able to invest. Given that the growth of the PRS cannot be truly understood without reference to the broader investment landscape, this briefing documents long-term investment returns of residential property versus those of other assets, particularly savings prod...

Nr. ___ din data___.___._____ I. PĂRTILE CONTRACTANTE 1.1. _______________________, cetățean roman, domiciliat în ____________________________ ____________________, posesor al _____ seria _____ nr. _______ emis la data de ________ de... more

Nr. ___ din data___.___._____ I. PĂRTILE CONTRACTANTE 1.1. _______________________, cetățean roman, domiciliat în ____________________________ ____________________, posesor al _____ seria _____ nr. _______ emis la data de ________ de ________________, CNP ____________________, în calitate de comodant, pe de o parte, și 1.2. _____________________, cu sediul social în _______________________________________, în curs de constituire, reprezentată prin asociat și administrator ____________, cetățean roman, domiciliat în _________________________________________, posesor al ____ seria ____ nr. _______ emisa de ______________, la data de ________, CNP _______________, în calitate de comodatar, pe o altă parte, • au convenit să încheie prezentul contract cu respectarea următoarelor clauze: II. OBIECTUL CONTRACTULUI 2.1. Comodantul acordă comodatarului, sub formă de împrumut imobilul situat _______________, în vederea stabilirii sediului social. 2.2. Imobilul prevăzute la punctul 2.1. se acordă de către comodant comodatarului pe termen de ___ani, adică pe o perioadă de la __________ până la __________, în mod Gratuit.

Student boarders’ satisfaction has been regard as the most important indicator in evaluating student-housing quality and services. This study determined the status of students’ boarding houses in the University of Eastern Philippines... more

Student boarders’ satisfaction has been regard as the most important indicator in evaluating student-housing quality and services. This study determined the status of students’ boarding houses in the University of Eastern Philippines Laoang Campus. The respondents were students residing in boarding houses using universal sampling. The research design employed is a descriptive method, using a survey questionnaire, and the statistical tools used are frequency counts, percentages, and mean. Findings revealed that the respondents were in their late teenage years, there were more females, most were still single, majority has a family income of 5000-below, and most were BSEd. Only few completed the needed requirements, has a distance 1kilometer-below from the school, has 4-5 room occupants, has a monthly rental of 401-500, students’ boarders were allowed to used charcoal in cooking, additionally, open well as the source of water supply, almost all used manual flush in their comfort room, ...

Tenants in Sweden increasingly face rising rents and displacement due to decades of ongoing housing deregulation. In this text, we explore different manifestations of these injustices, and reflect upon consequences and responses as they... more

Tenants in Sweden increasingly face rising rents and displacement due to decades of ongoing housing deregulation. In this text, we explore different manifestations of these injustices, and reflect upon consequences and responses as they crystalize locally. By visiting the three cities of Stockholm, Malmö and Uppsala, we highlight three different examples of how tenants respond and formulate protests visa -vis privatization through tenure conversion (Stockholm), gentrification spurred by private rental actors (Malmö) and battles over green space and displacement in the rental housing stock (Uppsala). These vignettes exemplify how policy changes play out in different local settings and illustrate how resistance manifests itself on the ground.

The tenant of a residential lease is under duty to pay rent regularly, on time and in full as required by section 4 (5) (a) of the Rental Housing Act 50 of 1999. Failure to pay rent on time or withholding rent is a material breach and may... more

The tenant of a residential lease is under duty to pay rent regularly, on time and in full as required by section 4 (5) (a) of the Rental Housing Act 50 of 1999. Failure to pay rent on time or withholding rent is a material breach and may lead to the cancellation of lease or the landlord's refusal to renew it.

Briefly covers the history of homelessness response in Victoria and various innovative programs operated in Melbourne by not-for-profits or social enterprises, either to assist the chronic homeless directly or to provide early... more

Throughout the twentieth century, different housing policies have been developed in different countries and they have changed in time in response to the changing housing problems. In industrialized countries after the 1980s, rental... more

Throughout the twentieth century, different housing policies have been developed in different countries and they have changed in time in response to the changing housing problems. In industrialized countries after the 1980s, rental housing, rent allowances, owner occupation, mortgage tax exemptions, have been aimed to solve housing problems of low income people in these countries. In developing countries, squatter settlements have grown within the informal housing market. UN and World Bank gave some financial support to ...

According to a U.N. study in 1986 about 42 percent of the urban dwellers around the world were renters. Hence, the motivation of a rent control is clear and requires a little more... more

According to a U.N. study in 1986 about 42 percent of the urban dwellers around the world were renters. Hence, the motivation of a rent control is clear and requires a little more attention. Rent controls were introduced in the early 1900s in the United States and some other parts of the world to regulate rent increases and tenant eviction during wartime emergencies.
In India first rent control legislation was introduced immediately after the First World War in Bombay in 1918 followed by similar legislations in Calcutta in 1920. By the end of the Second World War almost all the major cities and towns in the countries were covered by rent control measures. In India rent control laws can be differentiated into three distinct phases. The pre independence legislations form the First generation laws. The post-independence legislation that protected tenancy rights forms the second generation laws. The legislations implemented in the period post the circulation of the Model Rent Control Legislation, 1992 (‘MRCL’) marked the era of third generation laws on the subject.

Recent ‘studentification’ processes raise issues regarding the positive and negative impacts of student influx on the urban environment. The positive impacts discussed in the literature include urban core revitalization,... more

Recent ‘studentification’ processes raise issues regarding the positive and negative impacts of student influx on the urban environment. The positive impacts discussed in the literature include urban core revitalization, employment generation and economic growth. The negative externalities comprise the formation of temporary sub-communities, competition with low-income groups in the rental housing market, and an increase in traffic volume. The current

This article investigates how rent gaps are created in Beirut, Lebanon, and makes a two-fold argument. First, it argues that rent gaps are created by state-legitimized power and agents of capital through the legal framework, and that the... more

This article investigates how rent gaps are created in Beirut, Lebanon, and makes a two-fold argument. First, it argues that rent gaps are created by state-legitimized power and agents of capital through the legal framework, and that the role of location in deter- mining differences between potential ground rents, so salient in Beirut, demonstrates the complementarity of neoclassical land rent theory and rent gap theory. Second, it argues that beyond the legal framework, rent gaps in Beirut are formed through informal, illegal and exceptionalist practices as well as civil, sectarian conflict and forced displacement. This extends the range of forces to consider when thinking about what creates and shapes rent gaps. The paper emphasizes the necessity of a critical perspective on the ways in which value in urban space is created in the interests of the state and agents of capital, while attuning rent gap theory to a more global perspective.

The urban population of India has grown by 32% in the last decade (Census of India 2011), and the struggle to find affordable shelter in major cities becomes increasingly more difficult, especially for the poor who make up a fourth of... more

The urban population of India has grown by 32% in the last decade (Census of India 2011), and the struggle to find affordable shelter in major cities becomes increasingly more difficult, especially for the poor who make up a fourth of city dwellers. While one in three urban Indians rent, more than four out of five tenants have no written agreement or contract with their landlord (NSSO 2010) . This paper uses qualitative and quantitative methods to draw insights on the rules and functioning of rental submarkets in informal settlements, using data from a survey conducted in two informal settlements in Hyderabad, India between January 2014 and April 2014. The inter-disciplinary framework draws on the theories of institutions from economics and sociology to analyse the intricate relations between landlords and tenants, as well what holds these oral agreements in place. While family connections and social networks are the predominant path to access housing in informal settlements, in about a fifth of the cases landlords and tenants were found to have no previous association. There is some evidence to suggest that absentee landlords may charge higher rents as compared to Resident Landlords, which can be attributed to higher monitoring costs for the former, and non-price discrimination on the part of the latter.

The short-term rental market has ballooned in recent years. According to the Residential Landlords Association, Airbnb listings in ten UK cities increased by almost 200% between 2015 and 2017. And while attention has mainly focused on the... more

The short-term rental market has ballooned in recent years. According to the Residential Landlords Association, Airbnb listings in ten UK cities increased by almost 200% between 2015 and 2017. And while attention has mainly focused on the problems this is causing in big cities such as London, or tourist hotspots such as Barcelona and Berlin, communities in England’s regional cities are also feeling the effects.

A landlord can attach and remove the personal belongings of a third party if he has no knowledge of it. The landlord’s hypothec is therefore extended to the third party’s property provided the third party gave consent for his or her goods... more

A landlord can attach and remove the personal belongings of a third party if he has no knowledge of it. The landlord’s hypothec is therefore extended to the third party’s property provided the third party gave consent for his or her goods to be on the tenant’s leased premises indefinitely for the tenant’s use and the landlord is unaware of the fact that the goods are owned by the third party.

The sale and lease real estate markets have cyclical developments which are often dissimilar in the short term and then take coincident trends in longer horizons. The imbalance in the relationship between prices and income is normally... more

The sale and lease real estate markets have cyclical developments which are often dissimilar in the
short term and then take coincident trends in longer horizons. The imbalance in the relationship between prices
and income is normally used by economists to determine any "housing bubbles". However, the structural
limitations require caution in the use of the ratio between prices and rents as an indicator of an over - or under -
evaluation in the real estate market. The present work has investigated the relationships between selling and
rental prices in the Italian housing market, trying to define the actual cause-effect relationships in quantitative
terms too. It was used a multivariate autoregressive (VAR) model to interpret the mutual influences between
the two sectors and the macroeconomic fundamentals . The results show that housing prices can influence rents,
but not the opposite. The Italian housing demand, even the one for investment , does not consider rent as a
proxy for the corresponding dividend. The work must be attributed equally to the three authors.

Intended or not, projects under the Affordable Rental Housing Complexes scheme will compete with private rental housing options in Indian cities. Examining the scheme guidelines and using data from the National Sample Survey Offi ce, this... more

Intended or not, projects under the Affordable Rental Housing Complexes scheme will compete with private rental housing options in Indian cities. Examining the scheme guidelines and using data from the National Sample Survey Offi ce, this article establishes the dimensions of this competition, and the chances of ARHC projects to participate in the Rs. 1.2 lakh crore rental housing market in urban India. ARHC projects could have better quality/rent ratios as compared to private rental housing. However, their profit-centred models will face locational and management disadvantages, and also reduce tenure security, leading to lack of demand and limited outcomes.

Rental accommodation has usually been associated with low-income households but it has also become the main form of housing for middle-income households and new urban residents of all income levels (Salmen, 1987). Research has shown that... more

Rental accommodation has usually been associated with low-income households but it has also become the main form of housing for middle-income households and new urban residents of all income levels (Salmen, 1987). Research has shown that renting and sharing clearly is a feature of the earlier stages of the life cycle. Tenants tend to be younger than owners and are often single:
students, recent migrants, simple wage-workers, factory workers or single professionals (UNCHS,
2003:2). This study seeks to assess rental housing delivery in Tabora - Alhaji and specifically aims at identifying the types of rental houses in the study area, analyse the factors that influence the rental prices, examine the challenges faced by the tenants in the study area about rental housing, assess the role of stakeholder in providing rental accommodation as well as assessing the effect of the price of accommodation on rental decision making. The study was conducted in Tabora - Alhaji, a suburb in the Ga West Municipal Assembly using an explanatory research design and the mixed-method approach. The study used 64 tenant respondents, 12 landlords/landladies and 2 officials of
Rent Control Department and 2 rent agents. Data was collected using questionnaires and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and interviews. The study found that income, number of rooms, population, and location play important roles to influence rental prices which has an effect on rental decisions. Furthermore, the study pointed out that the rental housing sector is characterised by challenges such as poor housing quality, rent affordability, limited access to services and facilities, poor maintenance, crowed and overcrowded living conditions that put much burden on renters. Also, the roles of stakeholders are not fully carried out due to some challenges they face. Therefore, the study recommends that government and cooperate organisations gets involved in the rental housing delivery sector and make contributions so as to improve the living conditions of renters in the sector.

While many European countries experienced a global housing boom in the early/mid 2000s, house prices and mortgage debt in Germany stagnated. Therefore, the German housing system is considered to be operating outside financialized... more

While many European countries experienced a global housing boom in the early/mid 2000s, house prices and mortgage debt in Germany stagnated. Therefore, the German housing system is considered to be operating outside financialized capitalism. Despite Germany’s apparent stability, we argue that an alternative trajectory of financialization in the German housing market can be observed. This trajectory has followed three stages or ‘waves’. The first wave started around the time of German unification and is characterized by the failed attempt of West German banks to marketise and liberalise German housing finance. The second wave started in the late 1990s and is characterized by the ‘financialized privatization’ of many public housing associations and the speculative investments of private equity firms and hedge funds. The third wave started during the global financial crisis and is characterized by booming housing prices and the market entry of listed real estate companies.
KEY WORDS: Germany, financialization, privatization, political economy, private equity and hedge funds, listed real estate firms

Over the past two decades, the private rental sector has grown significantly in Japan. Once an overlooked sector of the market, it has been seized by the financial industry to the point of becoming the second largest REIT residential... more

Over the past two decades, the private rental sector has grown significantly in Japan. Once an overlooked sector of the market, it has been seized by the financial industry to the point of becoming the second largest REIT residential market in the world. This paper explores the development of residential REITs in Japan, in a context of demographic decline and urban shrinkage. It highlights the strategies of major Japanese real estate groups to diversify their activities and strengthen their control over popular downtown Tokyo neighbourhoods, building on government initiatives to revitalize land markets and stabilize the banking system through REITs. As the paper shows, the need to secure financial investors' expectations of attractive returns has led REIT asset managers to target the vast majority of their leasing activity to Japan's young, "promising" corporate employees. By pointing to the mediation of large corporations in the landlord-tenant relationship, the paper brings these neglected actors into the framework of financialized rental housing, and puts the analysis into the broader context of employment.

The Ghana Police Service is faced with acute housing challenge compelling the service to resort to rental accommodation from private landlords. Unfortunately, the quality of these police rented houses, especially in terms of maintenance,... more

The Ghana Police Service is faced with acute housing challenge compelling the service to resort to rental accommodation from private landlords. Unfortunately, the quality of these police rented houses, especially in terms of maintenance, is generally not good and thus leaving the premises in deplorable conditions not guaranteeing the well-being of the police occupants.

Housing is a key object of financialization. There is a small but growing literature on the financialization of housing that has demonstrated how housing is a central aspect of financialization. Despite the varied analyses of the... more

Housing is a key object of financialization. There is a small but growing literature on the financialization of housing that has demonstrated how housing is a central aspect of financialization. Despite the varied analyses of the financialization of housing and the importance of housing to financialization, the relations between housing and financialization remain under-researched and under-theorized. The financialization of housing is not so much a specific from of financialization, as it transcends several of the different forms of financialization. Housing systems, in particular, differ widely across the globe, which implies that housing financialization will be inherently variegated, path-dependent and uneven. In this introduction to the Symposium, I will discuss how the articles in this Symposium contribute to the literature on the financialization of housing. Housing has entered a post-Fordist, neoliberal and financialized regime. Both mortgaged homeownership and subsidized rental housing increasingly are there to keep financial markets going, rather than being facilitated by those markets. There is little evidence that the global financial crisis has resulted in a de-financialization of housing. There are common trajectories within uneven and variegated financialization rather than radically different and completely unrelated forms of housing financialization.
Key words: housing, financialization, mortgage markets, rental housing, home ownership, state and public sector

While it is recognised that diversity in housing tenure options is a key enabler for low-income families to enter and engage with the urban economy, public housing providers and policymakers claim there are several impediments to the... more

While it is recognised that diversity in housing tenure options is a key enabler for low-income families to enter and engage with the urban economy, public housing providers and policymakers claim there are several impediments to the provision of subsidised rental housing. What is the nature of these challenges? What will it take to trigger and sustain a rental housing market in Indian cities that is both public and social? Through an analysis of current public policy recommendations and relevant cases of public provision of rental housing, this paper unbundles these challenges, focusing on the management of social rental housing, tax and governance issues, and lastly, fiscal challenges and new opportunities in rental housing.

The rental value of individual properties does not only depend on the physical characteristics but also on the surrounding environment. Improper solid waste disposal reduced the rental value of properties. This study, therefore, examined... more

The rental value of individual properties does not only depend on the physical characteristics but also on the surrounding environment. Improper solid waste disposal reduced the rental value of properties. This study, therefore, examined the effect of dumpsite on residential rental value in Oluyole Loval Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted, relying on primary and secondary sources of data. Using systematic random sampling technique, copies of questionnaire were administered to 251 households in the selected houses within 200 meters radius of five (5) purposively selected dump sites - Olomi, Podo, Odo-Ona, Ile-Eja, and Dalute - all in Oluyole LGA. The selection of the dumpsites was based on the magnitude and its nearness to residential houses in the study area. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential (Pearson's Chi Squared distribution) statistics at p value ≤ 0.05, while the qualitative data were content-analysed. The study revealed that the majority (59.4%) of the households were tenants, while 29.5% were owner-occupiers. There was a negative relationship between annual rents paid by tenants of similar apartments with increasing distance from dumpsite. The observed variation in annual rent is significant at 5% significant level for all residential housing types (p < 0.05 for single room, room and parlour, 2-bedroom flat and 3-bedroom flat). The paper recommended a more proactive enforcement of sanitary laws and regulations of locating a dumpsite of 500 meter away from the residential environments.

The City of Evanston’s recently reported decision to enforce ordinance 6-4-1-14, also known as the “three unrelated” ordinance, and their subsequent decision to delay enforcement, has introduced a great degree of uncertainty into... more

The City of Evanston’s recently reported decision to enforce ordinance 6-4-1-14, also known as the “three unrelated” ordinance, and their subsequent decision to delay enforcement, has introduced a great degree of uncertainty into students’ housing plans and has had a number of negative consequences. We believe this ordinance must be reexamined in a fair and impartial manner, so that students/tenants, neighbors, and landlords are all satisfied with the negotiated outcome. Therefore, we would like to layout a number of proposals that we believe serve the interests of these three constituencies, for your consideration.
The following report is broken into eight (8) sections, plus an appendix. It begins with a brief discussion of Evanston demographics and housing statistics, including the high percentage of renter-occupied units relative to owner-occupied units. In addition, the figures pertaining to family-occupied households vs. non-family-occupied households are shown; specifically, the percentage of non-family households is on the rise and higher in Evanston than it is in both statewide and nationally.
Next, four proposals/amendments to the current ordinance are proposed. These vary from increasing the number of permitted unrelated occupants per household from three to four persons, to installing a Landlord Point System; to switching to a formula-based occupancy model where square-footage and the number of rooms determines the maximum number of occupants per rental dwelling. We believe these proposals are fair to both students and permanent residents of the City of Evanston.
The next section details the economic reasons for amending the ordinance. The arguments outlined are:
(1) under the current ordinance, the City of Evanston is losing revenue by incentivizing students to leave the City limits; and
(2) the ordinance as it stands artificially inflates the average rent paid by both students and Evanston residents.
The fourth section outlines the ethical/practical reasons for amending the ordinance. The primary arguments in this section include:
(1) the ordinance unfairly targets students and groups who do not conform to the traditional - largely outdated - definitions of "family", as there is no evidence to suggest that four-unrelated individuals living under one roof create more noise, congestion, and disturbances of the peace than a "traditional" family of four would;
(2) occupancy limits on unrelated persons do not bear a rational relationship to decreasing noise, congestion, and parking problems;
(3) the “family” as is commonly defined has been substantially altered over the last 40 years, with non-family households now accounting for more than the number of family households in Evanston and nationwide.
The fifth section details the legal arguments against the existing ordinance. These arguments include:
(1) unrelated persons residing under the same dwelling unit meet the courts’ definition of a “functional family equivalent”;
(2) numerous state supreme courts have found unrelated occupancy restrictions to be unconstitutional;
(3) the Illinois Supreme Court ruled in Des Plaines v. Trottner (1966) that unrelated occupancy limits were an overextension of the State’s police power;
(4) unrelated occupancy restrictions may violate the Equal Protection Clause of the fourteenth amendment;
(5) unrelated occupancy restrictions may infringe on an individual’s right to privacy;
(6) unrelated occupancy restrictions may violate an individual’s first amendment right to freedom of association;
(7) unrelated occupancy restrictions may violate individuals’ right to due process based on the fifth and fourteenth amendment.
The sixth section offers two case studies—one from Athens, Georgia, the other from Gainesville, Florida. The former serves to illustrate the dangers of strict unrelated occupancy restrictions and the impact they have on students and the community-at-large. The latter case illustrates the benefits of a Landlord Point System proposed later in this report.
The final section is a table that shows a non-exhaustive list of the college towns across the United States that have municipal ordinances restricting the number of unrelated persons who can live together to three, four or more, or use an alternative method.

"The neighborhood’s wholesale transformation, which has already begun in expectation of an upzoning, would sweep rent-regulated housing up in its wake and trigger even more harassment, rent hikes, and evictions than the neighborhood has... more

"The neighborhood’s wholesale transformation, which has already begun in expectation of an upzoning, would sweep rent-regulated housing up in its wake and trigger even more harassment, rent hikes, and evictions than the neighborhood has already seen. This scenario demonstrates that Mayor de Blasio’s MIH program is less about preserving neighborhood affordability than turning working-class spaces into luxury enclaves, with small pockets for the middle class."