Social Media Platforms Research Papers

The main objective of this paper is to highlight the importance of social networking platforms in viral marketing and the word spoken electronically. The revolution of modern technology with social media platforms offers new opportunities for communication between consumers and marketers. Organizations need to always have a way to stay in touch with customers and achieve this through the platforms of social communication, which is still the first in the world about disseminating information and communication. Therefore, the importance of social communication platforms increased with their impact on customers through the electronic word of mouth and viral marketing. The results of this study provide insights for decision-makers, marketers, and organizations to focus on the social communication platforms and the opinions shared between consumers to stay updated for any comment. It also emphasizes the effectiveness of marketing through social networking platforms, especially if it is a...

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- Business, Marketing, Social Media Marketing, Viral Marketing

This paper takes tools of self-valuation in social media as an empirical focus. By way of a case-study of Klout, an influential measure of influence, we suggest that the forms of reactivity and self-fulfilling prophecy that have been identified as a problem with some forms of measurement are actually an intentional effect of such tools: that is, the measurements that such tools produce are not designed to capture a separate reality, but are deliberately employed to modify the activity that they themselves invite. In other words, they expect and exploit reactivity. We suggest that such media are indicative of the rise in what might be called participative metrics of value. We further suggest that the capacity to evaluate and modify the self that Klout affords is intricately tied up with the agency and (self-)valuation of Klout as a tool itself. An intermediate layer of the argument is that this tying up is achieved through the production of numbers as specific kinds of ‘enumerated entities’. We use this term to draw attention to the ways in which numbers are never simply abstractions, but always have specific material-semiotic properties. In this case, we show that these properties are tied to the use of media-specific operations, and that these properties, including those of inclusion and belonging, inform how Klout participates in particular kinds of ordering and valuation. We thus explore the interlinked movement of numbers, media, and value in social media as a kind of dynamic assemblage.

- by Carolin Gerlitz
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- Participation, Evaluation, Social Media, Platform Studies

Social media is increasingly becoming popular because of the combination of both technological developments and social change. The platform creates enabling environment for discussion on burning issues that has been overlooked in today's scenario. This research is aimed at conducting the behavioural impact of the social platform among the youths in Yola metropolis. The study employed the use of survey method for data collection involving questionnaire administration and oral interview where 110 questionnaires were randomly distributed to respondents. The results indicated that many youths in the metropolis who use social media spend increasing amount of quality time on these networks. The findings of this study revealed the platform could impact negatively hence the need to identify proactive measures to forestall its attendant negative effects.

Now a days, peoples are increasing most amount of time in social media and because of the popularity of online social media and increasing social networks, online malicious individuals which are called spammers has started spamming on these platforms for potential victims. Spams invite persons to external phishing sites or malware downloads huge security issue online and undermined the user experience. The increasing number of accounts in social networking sites is a serious and major threat to the internet users. To detect and avoid fake identities, it is need to understand the dynamic contamination. In this paper, tried to analyse various types of spamming attacks spam detection techniques, campaigns in Online Social site networks and information about spam detection.

In June 2018, Tarleton Gillespie, a principal researcher at Microsoft Research New England and an affiliated Associate Professor at Cornell University (Department of Communication and Information Science), published a book titled Custodians of the Internet: Platforms, Content Moderation, and the Hidden Decisions that Shape Social Media. The book was published by Yale University Press and the author is well known thanks to his extensive works on the social impacts of new communication technologies and digital transformation of the media industry. Based on interviews with professional content moderators, creators and social media users, the book tries to explain how social media platforms moderate content and how they employ labour and technology into the process. It is self-evident that nowadays social media companies, professionals and algorithms decide what we see online and what we cannot reach. In this context, a vital question shows up as what their judgments are based on and how they decide to hide some of the content posted to the Internet? Social media platforms differ from the open Web in terms of moderating, recommending and curating the content. In this sense, the key claim of the book is that moderation is not an ancillary issue, but it is essential and constitutional to the functioning of social media platforms. However, content moderation procedures receive limited public attention even as it affects social relations, cultural production and the discourses which circulate within the society.

ISBN 978-972-9347-34-4 (Digital) 978-972-9347-33-7 (Impresso) DESIGN E PAGINAÇÃO José Domingues | UNDO DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO Dezembro, 2019 APOIO A edição deste livro é financiada por fundos nacionais através da FCT -Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia no âmbito do projeto Ref.ª: UID/CCI/04667/2019 MÉTODOS DIGITAIS: TEORIA-PRÁTICA-CRÍTICA| 3 ÍNDICE INTRODUÇÃO O que são métodos digitais? 5 JANNA JOCELI OMENA UM FUNDAMENTOS

- by Anne Helmond
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- Social Media, Social Media Platforms, Platformization

In the present world, the role of social media, as the important and actual tool of marketing communication is relevant for operation of commercial organizations, since according to various studies, the number of social media users amounts ¬¬¬¬to nearly half of the world population; consequently, social network platforms developed into important channel of communication between commercial organizations and their target audiences. The said world trend determines actuality of the theme discussed in the present work.
The present Master’s Thesis: “Social Media Competence and the Importance of Its Position on the Example of Specific Organizations” looks at representation of Georgian commercial organizations on social media platforms; the scope of the paper encompasses studying communication competence of the said commercial organizations and consequent assessment of professional competences of Georgia’s social media professionals.
Taking into account scarcity of literature and relevant Georgian market specific studies on social media marketing, the aim of this study is to motivate next-stage development of this field in Georgia which is a prerequisite for satisfying trends and requirements existing in the contemporary world.
In the framework of this study, the author looked at the potential, platforms and functional specifics of the social media sphere; in the course of the work performed, relevant literature was reviewed, both Georgian and international statistical data on social media was gathered and analyzed, qualitative and quantitative studies were conducted.
In order to meet the aims of the thesis, relevant design was selected for the study to be implemented in the form of a qualitative self-administered questionnaire survey conducted online, encompassing primarily closed and categorical questions, including one open and one multiple-choice question, in total 37 questions.
Sampling, the target population of which were Georgian customers of social media, was conducted in June 2019 (2.06.2019 – 28.06.2019), through non-randomized sampling method. The qualitative study covers responses received from 210 interviewees.
Qualitative study was conducted employing so called content-analysis technique for content-wise and technical audit of representation of three Georgian commercial organizations - “Samoseli Pirveli”, “Alaznistavi” and “Soplidan” - on social media platform “Facebook”. In order to avoid bias in selection, principle of selection of these companies was based on their participation in the competition for nomination - “ Creation of Best Product or Service” and prize for “Digital Strategy and New Website” - both organized by JSC “ TBC BANK” - leading company for social media marketing, generally innovative decision-making and conduct of marketing campaigns.
The results of the study show that unfortunately competence in the field of social media marketing is lacking in Georgia. No implications can be drawn from qualitative and quantitative studies conducted. Notwithstanding the fact, that companies selected for analysis were among those nominated by JSC “ TBC BANK”, respondents participating in quantitative study preceding the conduct of the qualitative study, did not name any of the companies studied by the author for content-analysis in the framework of the qualitative study.
Quantitative study results showed that respondents were actively using social media platforms for communication, information gathering, are subscribers of Georgian websites, yet they are completely disregarding commercial organization blogs and are irresponsive to commercial advertisements (57.3% of respondents). 61.8% of those interviewed say commercial organization pages on all platforms are filled in with similar type of content, which is not as interesting as to motivate subscribers to react. The study showed that majority of organizations are not exploiting social media management tools – monitoring system, artificial intelligence programs, leaving them unable to fully take advantage of social media. The abovementioned attests to low level of digital literacy in the country.
Based on the analysis conducted, it can be said that two pillars viewed by the author as prerequisites for social media management development in Georgia are professional education and awareness raising of the society, in particular raising responsiveness of managers of commercial organizations.

- by Natia Popkhadze
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- Content, Facebook, Twitter, Social Media Marketing

- by Prof. Joshua Chukwuere and +1
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- Social Media, Human Psychology, Social Media Addiction, Social Media Platforms

This paper analysed the effect of social media news on human psychology during pandemic outbreaks by applying narrative literature review procedures. Social media is an online platform whereby people interact and share vital information, including human health issues. Health organisations, workers, and individuals use social media platforms on Websites 2.0 such as WhatsApp, Skype, Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, and many others to communicate and share health information with the public. Web 2.0 intensified user-generated content over the Internet, while 3.0 revolutionised information sharing in making the world information-oriented. Social media platforms such as Web 2.0 and 3.0 continually nourish the human mind and thoughts with positive and negative news during pandemic outbreaks. The absorbed nourishments affect human psychology positively or negatively. To achieve the aim of this paper, a narrative literature review (NLR) was deployed in evaluating some academic literat...

- by Goodness Chukwuere
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- Psychology, Social Media, Human Psychology, Social Media Addiction

Gender-based online violence (GBOV) involves digitally-mediated and-enabled forms of harassment and abuse targeting women, and thus represents a major challenge to feminist movements globally. In this paper, we argue that civil society-based feminist organizations from various parts of the world have responded to this challenge by centring evidence of GBOV in order to develop key though hitherto under-examined epistemic, cultural, and socio-political practices, which we term evidentiary activism. Using a qualitative content analysis of 82 documents produced by feminist organizations, our analysis finds that this activism has two fundamental components. First, feminist organizations engage with existing formal evidentiary cultures by advancing and critiquing legislative and regulatory reforms to address GBOV, platform-based technological 'solutions,' and conventional notions of user privacy and anonymity. Second, they embrace and contribute to informal evidentiary cultures, which treat evidence as a tool of cultural and political mobilization against GBOV through strategies of publicization, moral pollution, and the cultivation of feminist digital citizenship. We contend that, akin to evidence-based advocacy that is influential in the fields of biomedicine and health, feminist organizations participate in and invent modes of digitally-oriented evidentiary activism designed to combat GBOV. Feminists' recasting of the how, why, and what of evidence represents a noteworthy development in struggles against online violence and misogyny, and within digital culture more generally.

- by Gulay Kilicaslan
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- Digital Culture, Social Media, Evidence, Feminist activism

Social media platforms (SMPs) continue to revolutionise scholarly communication and information sharing. It positively and negatively impacts educational institutions. Students at higher institutions depend on SMPs for their various daily life activities and communication purposes. However, little is known about the positive and negative perceptions of first-year students adopting SMPs as a learning tool, specifically in emerging countries. This study seeks to investigate the positive and negative perceptions that first-year students have of the use of social media platforms as a learning tool. This study deployed a quantitative research methodology in collecting randomised questionnaires from the students. The simple random sampling focused on first-year students at the North-West University, Mahikeng Campus. This study's findings established a good foundation of the first-year students' positive and negative perceptions of social media use for academic purposes. From the positive perspective, SMPs were seen to ease learning while, negatively, the study findings revealed that social media platforms usage could sometimes be frustrating.

- by Prof. Joshua Chukwuere
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- Social Media, Social Media Platforms

Twitter, which is a medium of communication, a social network and a micro blog site, can also be defined as an information/knowledge-sharing platform. The most prominent feature of this new generation platform is its hundred and forty character limitation. The departure point of this study is that this distinctive character limitation
which separates Twitter from other social media platforms, i.e. Twitter’s format, also determines the form in which information/knowledge is shared. This descriptive study aims to examine Twitter as a means of communication and a form of communication within the framework of precise, striking, “headline style” posts that come about due to the limited space. Impossibility of observing the sine qua non 5w 1h rule due to the said limitation compels the news providers to use the available space in the most efficient way possible. In other words, the structural limitation imposed by Twitter prompts the users to present the content in an effective and striking manner. In this study, positive and negative effects of Twitter’s character limitation on news transmission will be put forth.

- by H.HALE KUNUCEN
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- Social Networks, Social Networking, Social Media, Twitter

This study focuses on the effects of Social Media Platforms and Political Advertisements on the perception of voters on the recent 2019 Senatorial Election last May in order to know if it is positive or negative. This research study tackles if there is a significant correlation between the use of Social Media Advertisements and Political Advertisements to the voting preferences. There are 100 respondents in this study, 25 each from NCR, Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The results show that there are 37% that thinks that Social Media Platforms as a Political Advertisement has a positive effect on people’s voting preferences. While 57% of the respondents think that using Social Media Platforms is the most effective method of Political Advertisement. After analyzing and interpreting, the researchers used the Two-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson Correlation Coefficient tests, the researchers found out that there is a significant relationship between the two variables, Social Media Platforms and Political Advertisements.

- by James Losaria
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- Political Advertisement, Social Media Platforms

ABSTRACT How to engage stakeholders effectively with different social media platforms is an important topic in strategic communication research. Grounded in uses and gratifications theory, consumption emotion theory, and temporal orientation framework, this study conducted an online survey among social media users in the United States (N = 940) to examine how individuals’ motivations, emotions, and temporal orientations in social media use might differ by multi-platform usage groups (i.e., Facebook+Instagram users vs. Facebook+Pinterset users). Our findings indicate that Facebook+Instagram users focus more on self-status seeking and entertainment, while Facebook+Pinterest users are more information-seeking driven and future-oriented. In addition, more optimism is detected among Facebook+Pinterest users. Implications for strategic communication theory development as well as insights for organization-stakeholder engagement on social media are discussed.

- by Yen-I Lee
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- Psychology, Strategic Communication, Social Media, Public Relations and Social Media

- by Mahmoud Alghizzawi
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- Marketing, Social Media Marketing, Viral Marketing, Social Media Platforms

Social media platforms are increasingly accused of shaping public debate and engineering people’s behavior in ways that might undermine the democratic process. In order to vitalize a much-needed multistakeholder dialogue on corrective measures against the spread of false information, this project has undertaken a truncated multistakeholder consultation, addressing experts from academia, civil society, governments and the industry to assess diverging perspectives on institutional proposals, legislative responses, and self- regulation resolutions that have sprung up around the world. It also asks what new challenges platform moderation and related “fake news” issues pose to what might be called the “procedural fitness” of the current multistakeholder internet governance system. Finally, it suggests recommendations for architectural changes that could promote constructive and inclusive debate on the topic.

Every accountant knows that accounting is a business language and that language has undergone many changes over the years. Dissemination in the use of information technology and the production of applications has contributed to intense shifts in accounting firms’ Procedures as of the 1990s. From the view of accounting experts,
the influence of these advances has not been adequately analysed. The general purpose of this study was therefore to determine the effect of technological progress on the accounting sphere in Namibia. A descriptive survey design was used to in this study, to establish whether there exists any relationship between advanced technology
and Accounting today. The results indicate that the accelerated speed of technological progress tends to challenge conventional processes in all fields, including the accounting profession. The study also revealed that businesses have not only embraced the revolution of advanced technology, but have also started to adopt emerging innovations in the form of accounting software, mobility and the creation of social media platforms. With a figure of less than 50% IT-enabled use, it is obvious that accounting students and accountants do not know how to run accounting information systems, while companies continually rely on technological advancements to conduct their tasks.

With billons of users, social media platforms (e.g. Facebook) are dominant players in a highly-concentrated online news market. They have great power over the distribution of information to their users, and over the organizations and individuals that produce it. Social media platforms use algorithms to perform functions traditionally belonging to news editors: deciding on the importance of news items and how they are disseminated. However, they do not acknowledge the role they play in informing the public as traditional news media always have and tend to ignore that they also act as publishers of news and the responsibilities associated with that role. This paper argues that it is essential for social media platforms to understand and embrace their role as both news publishers and distributors and highlights the essential responsibilities they must undertake so they can satisfy the information needs of their audiences and protect the public's right to information. Keywords: social media platforms; algorithms; news distribution; news publishing; duties and responsibilities; right to information. RESUMEN: Con miles de millones de usuarios, las redes sociales (ej. Facebook) son actores dominantes en un mercado de noticias online altamente concentrado. Ostentan gran poder sobre la información que distribuyen al usuario y sobre las organizaciones e individuos que la producen. Además, utilizan algoritmos para realizar funciones propias de los medios: deciden sobre la importancia de las noticias y como deben distribuirse. Sin embargo, no entienden adecuadamente su papel como informadores de la misma manera que lo hacen los medios tradicionales ni parecen querer reconocer que cumplen funciones propias de los editores de noticias, así como las responsabilidades propias de dicho papel. Este trabajo argumenta que es esencial que las redes sociales entiendan y acepten su rol como distribuidores y editores de noticias y resalta las responsabilidades esenciales que deben de asumir para satisfacer las necesidades informativas de sus audiencias y proteger el derecho a la información del público. Palabras clave: redes sociales; algoritmos; distribución de noticias; edición de noticias; responsabilidades y deberes; derecho a la información

The expansion of the internet and digital media communications in the 21st century was embraced globally as a manifestation of democratic values and individual liberties (freedom of association, expression, and access to information, to name a few). Concurrently, western societies have observed the encroachment of democratic levels and the rise of populism in recent years. To comprehend this apparent dichotomy, this paper will investigate the theory of digital constitutionalism, which argues for the transcendence of the principles of rule of law to the private sphere that regulates relations and social practices in the digital realm – specifically in social media platforms. This approach presents an extension of the liberal perspective of constitutionalism, casting the constitutional project of limitation of power and respect for individual human rights to the digital landscape in a normative structure. However, reducing the constitution only to its normative perspective not only entails the derogation of its political aspect in the maintenance of a democratic society, but also fails to consider other social complexities that influence constitutional moments in western civilizations (e.g. economy, ethics, and religion). This forestalls an analysis of the complexities associated with computerized media, globalization and the exponential privatization of government capacities. Through an analytic-philosophical approach, this paper proposes to establish a multi-disciplinary approach focusing on the perspective of societal constitutionalism, understanding the constitutional principle beyond its liberal and normative perspective and concerning the multiple complexities of the social environment. This allows us to embark on a constitutional quest that rethinks power, politics, law and democracy maintaining the end goal of protecting the political autonomy of individual citizens and the protection of human rights. This implies considering digital constitutionalism from a democratic point of view, addressing the role of platforms as moderating agents of discourses, as well as their performance as an agent that influence the deterioration of democratic levels. The concern, therefore, is twofold, as it refers not only to the governance exercised by social media platforms to the detriment of their users but also to the correlation of virtual communities with the broader legal and political scenario in which they are inserted. The article concludes that a critique of digital constitutionalism must address the new structures of power and governance that establish themselves outside of the paradigm of the nation-state but contribute to the decay of democracy levels in the societies they are based on.

How to engage stakeholders effectively with different social media platforms is an important topic in strategic communication research. Grounded in uses and gratifications theory, consumption emotion theory, and temporal orientation framework, this study conducted an online survey among social media users in the United States (N = 940) to examine how individuals’ motivations, emotions, and temporal orientations in social media use might differ by multi-platform usage groups (i.e., Facebook+Instagram users vs. Facebook+Pinterset users). Our findings indicate that Facebook +Instagram users focus more on self-status seeking and entertainment, while Facebook+Pinterest users are more information-seeking driven and future-oriented. In addition, more optimism is detected among Facebook+Pinterest users. Implications for strategic communication theory development as well as insights for organization-stakeholder engagement on social
media are discussed.

- by Yen-I Lee and +1
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- Strategic Communication, Social Media, Emotions, Motivation

Social media platforms have been characterised by their programma-bility, affordances, constraints and stakeholders – the question of value and valuation of platforms, their data and features has, however, received less attention in platform studies. This paper explores the specific socio-technical conditions for valuating platform data and suggests that platforms set up their data to become multivalent, that is to be valuable alongside multiple, possibly conflicting value regimes. Drawing on both platform and valuation studies, it asks how the production , storing and circulation of data, its connection to user action and the various stakeholders of platforms contribute to its valuation. Platform data, the paper suggests, is the outcome of capture systems which allow to collapse action and its capture into pre-structured data forms which remain open to divergent interpretations. Platforms offer such grammars of action both to users and other stakeholders in front-and back-ends, inviting them to produce and engage with its data following heterogeneous orders of worth. Platform data can participate in different valuation regimes at the same time – however, the paper concludes, not all actors can participate in all modes of valuation, as in the end, it is the platform that sets the conditions for participation. The paper offers a conceptual perspective to interrogate what data counts by attending to questions of quantification, its entangle-ment with valuation and the various technologies and stakeholders involved. It finishes with an empirical experiment to map the various ways in which Instagram data is made to count.

- by Carolin Gerlitz
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- Social Media, Platform Studies, Social Media Metrics, Apps
- by Christian Garland
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- Critical Theory, Organizational Behavior, History, European History

O presente artigo propõe-se a analisar, em apertada síntese, os parâmetros de moderação de conteúdo quanto aos discursos de ódio disseminados em plataformas de redes sociais, na perspectiva da Lei n. 12.965/2014 (Marco Civil da Internet). O recrudescimento desse fenômeno comunicativo não apenas demanda uma reavaliação do alcance da liberdade de expressão dos usuários, como também lança holofotes sobre a maneira pela qual a moderação de conteúdo (incluindo-se o hate speech) vem sendo conduzida pelas mídias sociais. Com efeito, mostra-se como imprescindível a análise de tais aspectos para antever novos horizontes.

The use of social platforms continues to flourish across the globe. After 2008, when Obama's victory in the U.S. elections was related to the way social platforms were used in order to gain younger generation support , more questions were raised regarding the use of these digital platforms. In the 2017 General Elections in the United Kingdom the parties' campaigns went digital and employed different strategies to attract the votes of the youth. This research is designed to critically review what is known so far regarding the way people vote and what are the main features of the social platforms which could be beneficial in mobilisation of the younger generation of voters in the United Kingdom. In order to understand how voting theories relate to the context of UK young voters, the original data,collected from participants aged 18-30 ,who were both users of online platforms and potential voters, presented a unique opportunity to understand the extent to which social media helped the millenials to " get out and vote. " Acknowledgement

- by Amira Minara
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- Voting Behavior, Voting Theory, Social Influence, Millennials

In recent years, several popular social media platforms have launched freeform custom gender fields. This decision reconstitutes gender categories beyond an oppressive binary only permitting “males” and “females.” In this work, we uncover many different user-facing gender category design strategies within the social media ecosystem, ranging from custom gender options (on Facebook, Google+, and Pinterest) to the absence of gender fields entirely (on Twitter and LinkedIn). To explore how gender is baked into platform design, this article investigates the 10 most popular English-speaking social media platforms by performing recorded walkthroughs from two different subject positions: (1) a new user registering an account, and (2) a new advertiser creating an ad. We explore several different spaces in social media software where designers commonly program gender—sign-up pages, profile pages, and advertising portals—to consider (1) how gender is made durable through social media design, and (2) the shifting composition of the category of gender within the social media ecosystem more broadly. Through this investigation, we question how these categorizations attribute meaning to gender as they materialize in different software spaces, along with the recursive implications for society. Ultimately, our analysis reveals how social media platforms act as intermediaries within the larger ecosystem of advertising and web analytics companies. We argue that this intermediary role entrusts social media platforms with a considerable degree of control over the generation of broader categorization systems, which can be wielded to shape the perceived needs and desires of both users and advertising clients.

- by Rena Bivens
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- Software Engineering, Gender Studies, Advertising, Identity (Culture)

This paper investigates a group of films and video installations that collect and reassemble citizens’ videos of their lives or voices posted or live-streamed on YouTube and other video-sharing platforms, characterizing them as ‘online ethnographic compilation.’ Encompassing Natalie Bookchin’s Mass Ornament (2009) and its related projects, as well as films by Dominic Gagnon, Ossama Mohammed, and Zhu Shengze, online ethnographic compilation draws viewers’ attention to user-generated videos as a remarkable media of various individuals’ self-expressions and connectivity, and to the political, economic, cultural, and infrastructural dimensions of networked platforms where the videos are circulated. While contextualizing it within the larger tradition of compilation documentary, I argue that online ethnographic compilation produces what I call the ‘archive of the political commons,’ an archive characterized by the collective assemblage of individual user-generated videos that is based on the collection and selection of their aesthetic, affective, and discursive commonality, as it is based on and often critically intervenes in the two ambivalent aspects of participatory culture: first, the practice reveals not simply social media platforms’ emancipatory possibility for users’ interactive, connective, and participatory subjectivity but also the precariousness of both their life and the platforms to which they are invited to connect; and second, given the social promoted by the platforms implicates users’ atomized individuation, the practice reorganizes individual video’s expressions and voices into the sense and memory of collectivity while also preserving their heterogeneity.

- by Jihoon Kim
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- Documentary (Film Studies), Creative Commons, Digital Archives, Ethnographic Film

Information communication technology (ICT) is becoming a pivotal element in the twenty-first century, and while there has been substantial work conducted to understand ICT use by older adults, there is a paucity of knowledge relating to ICT use and behavior by Millennials. The Technology 4 Young Adults (T4YA) study opens the discussion to the barriers and enablers of ICT by Millennials in their day-today activities. Eight participants aged 18-33 years were recruited, and open-ended questions were posed to the focus groups participants. A total of three focus groups were conducted, two focus groups were conducted in Pontefract (West Yorkshire, England) and one focus group was conducted in Swansea (West Glamorgan, Wales); all focus groups were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Primary themes included: hardware, privacy issues/concerns, confidence, usability/functionality, day-today activities, and content/sharing of information. Day-today activities were undertaken primarily on smartphones, such as online banking and shopping, while privacy and trust concerns was a conversation thread throughout the discussions. Further work is needed with larger sample sizes, taking a multi-methods approach to extract quantitative data to underpin qualitative data analysis and frameworks. This exploratory study intersects at the fields of social sciences and human-computer interaction.

- by Societies MDPI
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- Social Networks, Qualitative Research Methods, Sociology of Ageing, Mobile apps

This article analyses the role of IT Applied to historical research, in particular the use of Web 2.0 and information architecture for the analysis and dissemination of Spanish Republican exile. Taking as an example the interactive e-xiliad@s project, we discuss innovative methodologies to obtain new sources about anonymous Republican exiles worldwide, their online publication and the analysis of the information provided. Other aspects, such as the use of Web databases, data protection and privacy and the use of social media (Facebook and Twitter), are also discussed in relation to structured content management and the creation of user communities about the Spanish Republican exile.

- by Lidia Bocanegra Barbecho and +1
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- Web 2.0, Digital Humanities, Exile Studies, Social Media Platforms

Over the past few years, public health organizations have adopted new communication practices, such as social media communication, framed by the concepts of Health 2.0 and Medicine 2.0. These concepts need to be reconsidered in the light of the transformation of social media as digital platforms. This article aims to define and critically discuss the concept of the platformization of healthcare communication, investigating the impact of social media incorporation on the local health authorities’ Facebook communication during the early phase of the COVID19 emergency in Italy. Findings show the progressive incorporation of the mechanisms of platformization by local health authorities and the progressive shift of
their Facebook pages from connectors to complementors of healthcare communication and services during the early phase of the pandemic. Conclusions critically discuss the incorporation of social media into the communication strategies of the public healthcare sector.

- by Elisabetta Locatelli and +1
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- Social Media, Social Media Platforms, Healthcare Communication, Platform Society

Abstract. During the Arab Spring revolutions protestors used mobile commu-nications technology and social media platforms to share information, mobilize supporters, and organize activities to bring about the political transformation of their countries. In each case the drafting of a new constitution was the next step adopted to continue that transformation. We ask whether the digital revolution that powered the overthrow of old regimes during the Arab Spring can also be used to facilitate a similar level of participation in the constitution making pro-cess and we present “my.con”, an online platform allowing citizens to collabo-rate in constitutional drafting.

- by Seán Deely PhD
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- Resilience, Civic Education, Participation, Peacebuilding

This is a presentation that I gave at virtual seminar in South Korea, organised by TAIEX. There were five speakers relating to this topic, so my presentation only covers certain aspects in order to avoid overlapping with other... more

- by Päivi Korpisaari
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- Human Rights, Privacy, Hate Speech, Freedom Of Expression

Diversity of interactive environments has increased with use of developing technology in open education systems. In this sense social media platforms allows to coming together of learners. Distance education institutions can make important decisions by following students' interaction in these environments. Especially students established themselves non-formal social media platforms are subject of investigation. There are different support needs of students throughout student learning life in distance education institutions. These issues are called student affair in distance education literature. These issues may vary by countries, region or program. Anadolu University is a mega-university in distance education area. There are some student support issues in this system and they attempt to find supports. Some of them can be listed as follows: Fee. In this subject some solutions can produce by following trends of students. In this study, Facebook groups have been investigated which created by distance education learners on social media platforms. These groups were analyzed with maximum interaction and Open Education Faculty Department of Sociology Facebook group is selected. Interaction and trends in the group are discussed in the context of student support. NodeXL, Gephi and Quintly software are used for social network analysis based on shares, comment and likes. The research aims to uncover student support trends on social networks. Student trends will be discussed under categories. Findings of the research can contribute to development of student support activities in this open education system. Further learners' trends are important to show that intensity topics. Emerging student support trends on social media platforms is important to produce solutions.

- by Science Park Research Organization & Counselling
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- Distance Education, TRENDS, Support, Student

A year after the #MeToo movement erupted, antifeminism started to retort. The idea behind the backlash was that 'the men who have been accused are the heroes' (Tolentino, 2018). Twitter was one of the public spaces where this confrontation occurred; the #HimToo backlash gathered steam in 2018 (Asimov, 2018) and expanded into 2019. Focussing on the reactions against #Cuéntalo Twitter campaign-the Spanish equivalent to #MeToo-, this article examines how the antifeminist backlash proliferates, offering a view of the dynamics driving it. The authors choose an eclectic and interdisciplinary approach that integrates graph theory and CDA (Critical Discourse Analysis), thus connecting social media formulations with offline discourses, and proposing new ways of studying social movements. To examine the backlash's characteristics, this study utilises Congosto's typology of Twitter profiles (Congosto, 2018). Findings suggest that both approaches are complementary and necessary, for while graph analysis enables the distinction of antifeminist communities on Twitter and their behaviour and characteristics, CDA allows investigators to uncover their discursive strategies and favoured themes. [es] Nuevos enfoques en la propagación de la reacción antifeminista en Twitter Resumen. Un año después del estallido del movimiento #MeToo, el antifeminismo comenzó a reaccionar. La idea detrás de esta resistencia era que 'los hombres que han sido acusados son los héroes' (Tolentino, 2018). Twitter fue uno de los espacios públicos en los que ocurrió esta confrontación; la reacción de #HimToo cobró impulso en 2018 (Asimov, 2018) y se expandió hasta 2019. Centrándose en las reacciones contra la campaña de Twitter #Cuéntalo, el equivalente español de #MeToo, este artículo examina cómo prolifera la reacción antifeminista, ofreciendo una perspective nueva de las dinámicas y fuerzas que lo impulsan. Las autoras utilizan un enfoque interdisciplinario que integra la teoría de grafos y el CDA (Análisis Crítico del Discurso), conectando las formulaciones de las redes sociales con los discursos offline y proponiendo unn novedoso método para estudiar los movimientos sociales. Para examinar las características de la reacción antifeminista, este estudio utiliza la tipología de perfiles de Twitter de Congosto (Congosto, 2018). Los resultados sugieren que ambos enfoques son complementarios y necesarios: mientras que el análisis gráfico permite identificar y clasificar la comunidad antifeminista en Twitter, el CDA ofrece a las investigadoras la posibilidad de descubrir sus estrategias discursivas y temas favoritos.

- by Miren Gutiérrez and +1
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- Graphs Theory, Feminism, Critical Discourse Analysis, Antifeminism

A year after the #MeToo movement erupted, antifeminism started to retort. The idea behind the backlash was that ‘the men who have been accused are the heroes’ (Tolentino, 2018). Twitter was one of the public spaces where this confrontation occurred; the #HimToo backlash gathered steam in 2018 (Asimov, 2018) and expanded into 2019. Focussing on the reactions against #Cuéntalo Twitter campaign –the Spanish equivalent to #MeToo—, this article examines how the antifeminist backlash proliferates, offering a view of the dynamics driving it. The authors choose an eclectic and interdisciplinary approach that integrates graph theory and CDA (Critical Discourse Analysis), thus connecting social media formulations with offline discourses, and proposing new ways of studying social movements. To examine the backlash’s characteristics, this study utilises Congosto’s typology of Twitter profiles (Congosto, 2018). Findings suggest that both approaches are complementary and necessary, for while grap...

- by Miren Gutiérrez
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- Discourse Analysis, Graphs Theory, Feminism, Critical Discourse Analysis

Este trabajo se propone describir de algunos aspectos que hacen a la construcción de la figura del músico en sus redes sociales en relación a su inscripción estilístico-musical. Tal como describe José Luis Fernández (2016) la noción de estilo es una categoría conflictiva pero clave para el estudio de las mediatizaciones, en tanto permite vislumbrar de una serie de operaciones de producción, recepción e interpretación de textos. Desde allí se dará cuenta de cómo el modo de hacer música del intérprete trabaja en tensión con las formas de comunicar en las redes sociales y las restricciones que las plataformas imponen.
Palabras clave: Mediatización, Redes Sociales, Música, Análisis estilístico

- by santiago videla
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- Semiotics, Social Media Platforms

The internet opened new possibilities for political activists around the world. However, there is a lack of scholarship of how activists employ new technologies in non-democratic countries like Belarus. The paper discusses the results of the study of the online campaigns of Belarusian political activists in 2011-2013. It suggests that while activists can successfully employ internet platforms to influence public policy, the outcome of their campaigns is dependent on issues they address.

- by Aliaksandr Herasimenka
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- Social Movements, Digital Media, Belarusian Studies, Belarus

The paper contains an analysis of the user demographics of online petitioning platforms. Scientifi c objective: To check how the user demographic structure of online petitioning platforms looks like compared to the results of other researches on e-petitioning websites. Research methods: Secondary data from the Gemius / PBI study-measurement of the Internet audience. Results and conclusions: Online petitions are most often visited by people aged 55 and more, and residents of large cities with higher education. Cognitive value: Until now, the largest interest in online petitioning platforms has been attributed to young people. Users of this type of services were also not tested using behavioral data analysis.

- by Anna Miotk
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- Audience Measurement, Media Audiences, Social Media Platforms

A network product of the virtual march of lgbt+ Pride in Mexico City is analyzed in the context of covid-19. Through the Social Networks Analysis (sna), 7 558 nodes and 13 527 interactions were collected around the hashtag #ElOrgulloPermanece during June 2020. Among the results, it stands out that the users with the greatest relevance on the Internet are producers of lgbt+ content, who together with other users build a collective sense through the interaction and dissemination of said content. These communicative practices are part of contemporary activism.

The paper examined the use of social media for effective library service delivery in university libraries in Edo and Delta States. The researchers adopted descriptive survey design. The population of the study comprised of 71 librarians from twelve university libraries. Three (3) research questions guided this study. Data was collected using online questionnaire. The total enumerative sampling technique was used for this study. The validity of the instrument was determined by checking the face and content validity and the instrument proved valid because the items in the instrument are appropriate in terms of subject contents. Cronbach Alpha technique was used to determine the reliability coefficient of the instrument and an index of 0.87 was obtained. This shows that the internal consistency of the instrument is high and good. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics such as frequency count and simple percentage. The findings revealed that majority of the librarians mostly use Facebook and Whatsapp platforms in providing library services. Regarding the library services that are offered/provided using social media, it was discovered that most of the respondents use the social media platforms to create awareness about library resources and services and also to share library news and events. Majority of the respondents indicated that poor internet connection and lack of constant power supply were the two major challenges to the effective use of social media platforms. Based on the findings, the researchers wish to recommend that the library management should provide opportunities for training and retraining of librarians on social media skills and emerging technologies. The school management should also provide adequate internet facilities and improve on electricity supply so that the library staff can enjoy more access to the internet in order to provide effective and efficient services to their users.

With the increasing engagement in social media all over the world, social platforms are gaining recognition as useful marketing and networking tools among language professionals. Twitter, Facebook, and Linkedin are in wider use in terms of obtaining new clients and socialising with colleagues. This paper, however, argues that social media plays increasing role in continuing professional development for interpreters in self-training and formal instruction. In this paper, we analyse the potential of Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook and other platforms in terms of professional development; we also look at existing uses and activities interpreters engage in on these platforms, and we present results of a survey among the professionals on the use of these platforms.
By continuing professional development we understand the practical and theoretical aspects of developing as an interpreter, including practical interpreting training in simultaneous and consecutive interpreting, access to resources, and formal theoretical training. In terms of analysing the potential to carry out professional development, we look at possible uses and technological solutions available on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook and Google+. In addition, we compare these solutions with traditional forms of instruction. Finally, we examine the existing uses and activities carried out on social media platforms and assess their usefulness from the interpreter’s point of view.
By way of summary, we provide results of a survey carried out among a group of professionals. The main question in this survey pertains to the role and position of social media in interpreter’s continuing professional development.

Social Media Platforms Research Papers (original) (raw)