Social Stigma Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Stigma has a significant impact on the diagnosis of a variety of illnesses, patients' compliance with treatment and their recovery from these diseases. However, the Indian medical and nursing curriculum has given relatively little... more

Stigma has a significant impact on the diagnosis of a variety of illnesses, patients' compliance with treatment and their recovery from these diseases. However, the Indian medical and nursing curriculum has given relatively little attention to recognising and addressing the issue of stigma. This study compared the perception of stigma with respect to tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) among medical and nursing students to that among patients with these diseases. The Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC) questionnaire was used for all patients and student groups. Focus group discussions were held with only the students to understand their concept of stigma and the challenges they face while addressing stigma, and to explore their role in addressing stigma. The data showed that patients with TB prefer not to disclose their illness, while DM is not perceived of as stigmatising by patients. As a group, medical and nursing students attached excessive stigma to patien...

The discomfort reported by the general public at the prospect of personal contact with marginalised groups is an expression of the stigma they experience. This has been widely studied in relation to ethnic minorities and immigrants but... more

The discomfort reported by the general public at the prospect of personal contact with marginalised groups is an expression of the stigma they experience. This has been widely studied in relation to ethnic minorities and immigrants but less so for persons with disabilities. A national survey with a representative sample of over 1100 Irish adults provided an opportunity to examine reported discomfort with persons who had different impairments, including mental health conditions, with four other minority groups. Moreover, the personal and situational variables associated with expressions of discomfort were identified. Respondents were most comfortable having persons with physical and sensorial disabilities living in their neighbourhood or in their workplace but less so for persons with intellectual disabilities and even less for people with mental health conditions. They were much less comfortable with the four other social groups: gay, lesbian or bisexual people; Eastern European mig...

Cet article retrace le parcours atypique de Jean Chacornac (1823–1873) dans l’astronomie française du Second Empire. Commis de bazar à Marseille devenu en quelques années astronome titulaire de l’observatoire de Paris, Chacornac est... more

Cet article retrace le parcours atypique de Jean Chacornac (1823–1873) dans l’astronomie française du Second Empire. Commis de bazar à Marseille devenu en quelques années astronome titulaire de l’observatoire de Paris, Chacornac est finalement bouté violemment hors de la prestigieuse institution astronomique. Outre la reconstitution d’une «affaire» largement oubliée, opposant dans une lutte asymétrique cet astronome autodidacte d’extraction modeste au personnage le plus éminent de l’astronomie française, Le Verrier, le cas Chacornac nous permet ici d’éclairer les dessous de ce moment important du processus de professionnalisation de l’astronomie. Écarté de l’institution, Chacornac se donne les moyens de continuer à être astronome en pratiquant une astronomie autonome, «par en bas», et d’une ambition technique considérable. Mais la construction d’une nouvelle identité sociale élitaire pour l’astronome d’Etat, par Le Verrier notamment, s’accompagne alors de la fabrication de stigmates sociaux indélébiles maintenant Chacornac dans un statut d’«amateur obligé».

To explore the feelings and experiences of TB patients, and to highlight how TB stigma may affect case finding and compliance with treatment. Qualitative research approach using focus groups and individual interviews. Sekondi-Takoradi... more

To explore the feelings and experiences of TB patients, and to highlight how TB stigma may affect case finding and compliance with treatment. Qualitative research approach using focus groups and individual interviews. Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolitan district, Ghana. Purposeful selection of TB patients receiving TB at four government hospitals in the district. None. Because of TB stigma, majority of the patients failed to recognise their symptoms as due to TB, and attributed it to malaria and ordinary cough. They reported to the hospital only after prolonged period of self-medication in the community, with some indicating multiple visits before a diagnosis was made. When diagnosed, some were worried and cried, questioned how they got the disease, contemplated committing suicide, and others doubted it was TB. Most of them hid the diagnosis from others, and were isolated within the family and community. Most TB patients failed to recognize their symptoms as due to TB, because of the stig...

Aim. The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of social stigma experiences reported by patients with schizophrenia and by people with other health problems. Method. The stigma subscale of the Consumer Experiences of Stigma... more

Aim. The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of social stigma experiences reported by patients with schizophrenia and by people with other health problems. Method. The stigma subscale of the Consumer Experiences of Stigma Questionnaire (CESQ) was administered to patients with schizophrenia (n=153), recurrent depression (n=31), drug dependence (n=30), alcohol dependence (n=39), hematological malignancies (n=31), or cardiovascular disorders (n=33). Results. Multiple regression analysis showed that schizophrenia patients experienced stigmatization signifi cantly more often than did respondents diagnosed with hematological malignancies or cardiovascular disorders. Moreover, patients with schizophrenia were found to experience stigma at a level similar to that in patients with depression or alcohol dependence, but lower than that experienced by drug addicts. Conclusions. The study fi ndings confi rm that the stigma of schizophrenia is stronger than that associated with physical illnesses. However, people with schizophrenia were not found to experience stigmatization more often than people with other severe mental disorders.

HIV felt stigma is a major problem needing to be addressed because of its association with poor treatment adherence, decreases in help-seeking behaviors, high-risk sexual conduct, emotional discomfort, and the reduction of well-being in... more

HIV felt stigma is a major problem needing to be addressed because of its association with poor treatment adherence, decreases in help-seeking behaviors, high-risk sexual conduct, emotional discomfort, and the reduction of well-being in people with HIV/AIDS (PWHA). The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of felt stigma among PWHA in Puerto Rico. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 249 subjects (59% men, 41% women). Participants completed the Puerto Rico Comprehensive Center for HIV Disparities (PR-CCHD) Sociodemographic Questionnaire and the HIV Felt Sigma Scale. 80% of the subjects showed some level of felt stigma. Women showed significantly higher levels of HIV-related felt stigma than did men. Disclosure, negative self-image, and public attitude scores were also higher in women than in men. Sociodemographic variables such as age, marital status, employment status, income, and educational level showed significant associations with felt stigma and its dimensions....

Qualitative research provides opportunities to study bullying and peer harassment as social processes, interactions and meaning-making in the everyday context of particular settings. It offers the possibility of developing a deep... more

Qualitative research provides opportunities to study bullying and peer harassment as social processes, interactions and meaning-making in the everyday context of particular settings. It offers the possibility of developing a deep understanding of the culture and group processes of bullying and the participants’ perspectives on peer harassment as well. It gives participants opportunities to discuss their own understanding and experiences of bullying in their own words. This article reviews qualitative studies on bullying or peer harassment in school (including some studies in which qualitative and quantitative methods — so-called mixed methods — have been used).

Background/objectivesMany people with schizophrenia face stigmatisation. Several methods have been produced to simulate the auditory and visual hallucinations experienced by people with schizophrenia in order to increase empathy and... more

Background/objectivesMany people with schizophrenia face stigmatisation. Several methods have been produced to simulate the auditory and visual hallucinations experienced by people with schizophrenia in order to increase empathy and understanding about the condition. However, there has been no review of such methods. This systematic review aims to determine whether and how simulated hallucinations are effective in reducing stigma, and if

Abstract : Women artists have performed in the Tamil theatre genre known as Special Drama since the early twentieth century, though they have been highly stigmatized for their participation. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with Special... more

Abstract : Women artists have performed in the Tamil theatre genre known
as Special Drama since the early twentieth century, though they have been
highly stigmatized for their participation. Based on ethnographic fieldwork
with Special Drama artists in the early 1990s, I returned in 2014- 2015 to
conduct a follow- up study on the subsequent generations of drama family
lineages. I became increasingly concerned – largely because this proved a
primary concern of the artists themselves – with problems posed by the lack of any established route for the cultural transmission of knowledge of this field. In this essay I document one hereditary acting family lineage in which the stigma on stage actresses has resulted in a silencing of family history. I discuss Special Drama artists’ ideas for how to encourage subsequent generations to take up this profession, and how my own presence and support contributed to their efforts to repatriate the artistic tradition. I focus specifically on the courageous decision of one young woman, Kannagi, a member of the fifth generation in the hereditary acting lineage I document, to buck the trend of her generation and become a dramatic Heroine even in the face of the globalizing social and economic climate of contemporary India.

HIV disclosure is an important step in delivering the right care to people. However, many people with an HIV positive status choose not to disclose. This considerably complicates the delivery of adequate health care. We conducted a... more

HIV disclosure is an important step in delivering the right care to people. However, many people with an HIV positive status choose not to disclose. This considerably complicates the delivery of adequate health care. We conducted a grounded theory study to develop a theoretical model explaining how local contexts impact on HIV disclosure and what the mechanisms are that determine whether people choose to disclose or not. We conducted in-depth interviews among 23 people living with HIV, 8 health workers and 5 family and community members, and 1 community development worker in Achham, Nepal. Data were analysed using constant-comparative method, performing three levels of open, axial, and selective coding. Our theoretical model illustrates how two dominant systems to control HIV, namely a community self-coping and a public health system, independently or jointly, shape contexts, mechanisms and outcomes for HIV disclosure. This theoretical model can be used in understanding processes of...

Studies have shown that stigmatization is linked to lower quality of life; however, only scant research has examined the association between family caregivers' internalization of stigma (affiliate stigma)... more

Studies have shown that stigmatization is linked to lower quality of life; however, only scant research has examined the association between family caregivers' internalization of stigma (affiliate stigma) and their subjective quality of life (subjective well-being, SWB). Furthermore, studies have rarely examined this association via comparison between caregivers of individuals with different developmental disabilities in addition to examining the influence of psychosocial protective factors. These were the aims of the current study. Family caregivers (N=176) of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), intellectual disabilities (ID), and physical disabilities (PD) completed a self-report structured questionnaire including scales measuring SWB, affiliate stigma, burden, positive meaning in caregiving, social support and self-esteem. Results showed that SWB of family caregivers was below the average normative level and especially low for caregivers of individuals with ASD. The strongest predictors of SWB were caregivers' self-esteem, social support, positive meaning in caregiving, and affiliate stigma. Furthermore, an interaction was found between affiliate stigma and diagnosis, showing that among caregivers of individuals with ASD, greater levels of stigma were associated with lower ratings of SWB, whereas such an association was not found among caregivers of individuals with ID or PD. Findings from this study point to the importance of supporting caregivers across the life-span in order to decrease stigma, improve social support and self-esteem and improve SWB. Further, findings point to the need to respond differentially to the various developmental disabilities.

Práca sa zameriava na problematiku sociálnej stigmy spojenej so sexuálne prenosnými infekciami u mládeže. Cieľom práce je analýza vplyvu a dôsledkov sociálnej stigmy na myslenie, vnímanie a správanie mládeže v ČR v oblasti sexuality,... more

Práca sa zameriava na problematiku sociálnej stigmy spojenej so sexuálne prenosnými infekciami u mládeže. Cieľom práce je analýza vplyvu a dôsledkov sociálnej stigmy na myslenie, vnímanie a správanie mládeže v ČR v oblasti sexuality, sexuálneho zdravia a sexuálne prenosných infekcií. V rámci teórií sociálnej stigmy pracuje na základe hypotézy, že sociálna stigma spojená so sexuálne prenosnými infekciami predstavuje vážnu hrozbu pre ich prevenciu a schopnosť či záujem aktérov efektívne pristupovať k svojmu sexuálnemu zdraviu bez strachu, predsudkov a stereotypov. Hlavná výskumná otázka sa preto sústreďuje na to, aký
vplyv má stigma na manažment sexuálneho zdravia mládeže, aké faktory sú najdôležitejšie a ako ovplyvňuje ich vnímanie. V rámci tejto problematiky skúma prejavy či reflexiu sociálnej stigmy na základe analýzy rámcovania problematiky komunikačnými partnermi a partnerkami. Práca stavia na využívaní metód kvalitatívneho výskumu hĺbkových rozhovorov s mládežou,
ktoré analyzuje na základe metód naratívneho a diskurzívneho výskumu. V rámci svojho cieľa sa sústreďuje hlavne na priame či nepriame prejavy stigmy, vzdelávanie, využívanie ochranných mechanizmov, testovanie sa či fungovanie a dôsledky predsudkov a stereotypov. Počas rozvíjania problematiky interpretuje najproblematickejšie oblasti vyplývajúce zo
získaných dát výskumu, ktoré sa v závere snaží zhrnúť do formy, ktorá vysvetľuje, prečo je sociálna stigma sexuálne prenosných infekcií pre spoločnosť závažným problémom a zaslúži si viacej pozornosti.

This study draws on in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with young adults in a metropolitan area of the Philippines to examine perceptions and practices of illegal abortion. Study participants indicated that unintended... more

This study draws on in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with young adults in a metropolitan area of the Philippines to examine perceptions and practices of illegal abortion. Study participants indicated that unintended pregnancies are common and may be resolved through eventual acceptance or through self-induced injury or ingestion of substances to terminate the pregnancy. Despite the illegality of abortion and the restricted status of misoprostol, substantial knowledge and use of the drug exists. Discussions mirrored broader controversies associated with abortion in this setting. Abortion was generally thought to invoke gaba (bad karma), yet some noted its acceptability under certain circumstances. This study elucidates the complexities of pregnancy decision making in this restrictive environment and the need for comprehensive and confidential reproductive health services for Filipino young adults.