Spirulina platensis Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Spirulina platensis was cultivated, in comparative studies, using several sources of nitrogen. The standard source used (sodium nitrate) was the same as that used in the synthetic medium Zarrouk, whereas the alternative nitrogen sources... more

Spirulina platensis was cultivated, in comparative studies, using several sources of nitrogen. The standard source used (sodium nitrate) was the same as that used in the synthetic medium Zarrouk, whereas the alternative nitrogen sources consisted of ammonium nitrate, urea, ...

The limitation of fresh water and the exorbitant cost of land to grow such plants, algae are the most optimum organisms for CO 2 bio-sequestration and also microalgae cultures avail many characteristics that make them an arguable option... more

The limitation of fresh water and the exorbitant cost of land to grow such plants, algae are the most optimum organisms for CO 2 bio-sequestration and also microalgae cultures avail many characteristics that make them an arguable option for higher productivities as compared to higher plants. The aim of this study was the sequestrate CO 2 by Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris under the different levels of salinity and CO 2. The highest growth rate obtained during the first 4 days and higher biomass concentration at CO 2 concentration from0.03% to 10% respectively. The significant (p<0.05) biomass productivity, growth rate and CO 2 sequestration rate under different level of CO 2 and EC between Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris were detected. The ultimate CO 2 sequestration rate of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris were 0.49 and 0.152 g/L/d in natural water respectively, although in artificial sea water 0.419 and 0.097 g/L/d were recorded at 10% CO 2 concentrations respectively.

The influence of nutrient addition on the growth rate of Spirulina platensis in the Mangueira Lagoon water was studied in order to investigate the feasibility of using this water for biomass production. The addition of urea and sodium... more

The influence of nutrient addition on the growth rate of Spirulina platensis in the Mangueira Lagoon water was studied in order to investigate the feasibility of using this water for biomass production. The addition of urea and sodium bicarbonate was studied through surface response methodology, over concentration ranges from 0.0 to 0.01170 M, and 0.0–19.70 gl−1 respectively. The growth of Spirulina platensis in Mangueira Lagoon water with no addition of nutrients was carried out and compared with the biomass growth after nutrient addition. The results indicated that the optimal level of nutrients was 0.00585 M urea and without the addition of sodium bicarbonate. The biomass concentration was 1.4 gl−1 in 780 h of cultivation and the doubling time (t d) was 3.85 days. In 300 h, the biomass concentration in the medium without nutrient addition was 0.9 gl−1, with a doubling time of 3.80 days.

The cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis has been used by humans because of its nutritional and possibly medicinal effects. Our study evaluated the influence of temperature and nitrogen concentration in the medium on the production of... more

The cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis has been used by humans because of its nutritional and possibly medicinal effects. Our study evaluated the influence of temperature and nitrogen concentration in the medium on the production of biomass by this cyanobacterium and ...

The ability of Spirulina platensis LB2340 to grow on carbon dioxide and mixtures of bicarbonate/carbonate was compared under light irradiation conditions simulating those naturally present in temperate latitudes. Batch tests performed at... more

The ability of Spirulina platensis LB2340 to grow on carbon dioxide and mixtures of bicarbonate/carbonate was compared under light irradiation conditions simulating those naturally present in temperate latitudes. Batch tests performed at 25°C in open tanks suggested that inorganic carbon is preferentially assimilated in the form of bicarbonate and that its utilization efficiency depends either on pH or final biomass level. The efficiencies of photosynthesis (PE) and carbon utilization (CUE) on carbon dioxide reached maximum values (>6 and 38%) after 4 and ≥7 days, respectively. They then progressively decreased. Fed-batch tests performed on carbon dioxide showed the highest values of biomass concentration (1.50 g l−1) and PE (1.1%) under pseudo steady-state conditions at 0.25 l per day feeding rate.

RESUMEN El proyecto de investigación se basó en un análisis a la microalga Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), que fue estudiada mediante la aplicación de varios tratamientos con distintas condiciones específicas que permitan una mejor... more

RESUMEN El proyecto de investigación se basó en un análisis a la microalga Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), que fue estudiada mediante la aplicación de varios tratamientos con distintas condiciones específicas que permitan una mejor asimilación de la misma, en el caso de ser aplicada como ingrediente farmacéutico activo o suplemento proteico. El mejor tratamiento obtuvo las siguientes condiciones: pH 5, relación 1:20 de sustrato: agua y una temperatura de hidrólisis mantenida en un rango entre 65°C y 70°C. El hidrolizado fue pulverizado mediante secado por aspersión que dio un rendimiento óptimo de 73,89 % y una coloración distinta a la Spirulina en polvo concentrada, a causa de la modificación estructural de las ficobiliproteínas en el proceso hidrolítico. Además se analizó el grado de hidrólisis del polvo mediante una comparación del contenido de nitrógeno amínico del hidrolizado y la Spirulina en polvo concentrada, además se aplicó técnicas de electroforesis SDS – PAGE y cromatografía RP – HPLC, que permitieron determinar que el proceso de hidrólisis fue idóneo y se logró obtener una mezcla compleja de péptidos y aminoácidos libres con bajos pesos moleculares que cumplen con las características necesarias para la futura aplicación del hidrolizado de Spirulina como ingrediente funcional. ABSTRACT The research project was based on an analysis of the Spirulina microalgae (Arthrospira platensis), which was studied by the application of several treatments with different specific conditions that allow a better assimilation of the alga, in case of being applied as active pharmaceutical ingredient or protein supplement. The best treatment was attained at the conditions: pH 5, a concentration of 5% (in relation to 1:20 of substrate: water) and at a hydrolysis temperature maintained in a range of 65 °C to 70 °C. The hydrolyzate was sprayed by spray drying which gave an optimum yield of 73.89% and a different coloration to Spirulina powder concentrate because of the structural modification of the phycobiliproteins in the hydrolytic process. In addition, the degree of hydrolysis of the powder was analyzed by a comparison of the amine nitrogen content of the hydrolyzate and Spirulina powder concentrate, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and RP-HPLC chromatography techniques were also applied, which allowed to determine that the hydrolysis process was adequate and produced a complex mixture of free amino acids and low molecular weights peptides with with the necessary characteristics for the future application of Spirulina hydrolyzate as functional ingredient. INTRODUCCIÓN La Spirulina es un alga unicelular que crece y se multiplica en aguas naturales de medio alcalino. El nombre de Spirulina se deriva de la palabra latina " espiral o hélix " , que se refiere a su configuración física. Se le llama alga azul verdosa por la presencia de clorofila, que le da el color verde, y ficocianina, que le da el color azulado [1].

Phycocyanin extraction from cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis was optimized using factorial design and response surface techniques. The effects of temperature and biomass-solvent ratio on phycocyanin concentration and extract purity were... more

Phycocyanin extraction from cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis was optimized using factorial design and response surface techniques. The effects of temperature and biomass-solvent ratio on phycocyanin concentration and extract purity were evaluated to determine the optimum conditions for phycocyanin extraction. The optimum conditions for the extraction of phycocyanin from S. platensis were the highest biomass-solvent ratio, 0.08 gmL(-1), and 25 degrees C. Under these conditions it's possible to obtain an extract of phycocyanin with a concentration of 3.68 mgmL(-1) and purity ratio (A(615)/A(280)) of 0.46.

In this study, the influence of an agricultural liquid organic fertilizer on growth and biomass composition of Spirulina platensis Geitler was studied. In the first trial, five concentrations of organic fertilizer were arranged, e.g.,... more

In this study, the influence of an agricultural liquid organic fertilizer on growth and biomass composition of Spirulina platensis Geitler was studied. In the first trial, five concentrations of organic fertilizer were arranged, e.g., 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 ml/l, in which no other extra nutrients except bicarbonate were used. Maximum dry weight, chlorophyll a and specific growth rate were achieved in control group. In the second trial, initial fertilizer levels of the three groups were 0.1 ml/l and all groups contained sodium bicarbonate. One of the groups had 2.5 g/l NaNO3, while the other was supported with 0.1 ml/l fertilizer by two-day intervals to see the effect of nitrogen. In order to understand the effects of phosphate, 0.4 g K2HPO4 was added to the other group as well as 2.5 g NaNO3. Between the experimental groups, the highest chlorophyll a value was found in control group as 53.97 mg/l. The chlorophyll value at group II (37.65 mg/l) was lower than the control group. The maximum dry weight and crude protein recorded in control group were 1,330 mg/l and 60.17%, respectively, when compared with 1,256 mg/l and 59.92% in group II. No significant differences were observed in crude protein values of Spirulina grown in control and group II (P < 0.05). Consequently, it was seen that commercial liquid organic fertilizers may be replaced by Zarrouk’s medium except for nitrate, phosphate and bicarbonate in S. platensis cultures in order to decrease the production costs.

The cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis is an attractive source of valuable protein for both human and animal consumption. The conventional nitrogen source for S. platensis is nitrate. However, recent research has evaluated the potential... more

The cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis is an attractive source of valuable protein for both human and animal consumption. The conventional nitrogen source for S. platensis is nitrate. However, recent research has evaluated the potential of using animal waste as a low-cost nitrogen source. In this work, the cultivation of S. platensis was done using dry chicken manure (DCM), collected from a closed-system poultry house, as nitrogen source. The experiment was carried out in open concrete tanks with 100 litres of culture medium and an initial biomass concentration of 0.5 g/L. The culture media were prepared to test the effect of unsupplemented DCM, DCM supplemented with 2.0 mg/L of urea (DCM+U), and/or 40 mg/L of sodium bicarbonate (DCM+U+B or DCM+B). The best cellular growth and highest protein production were observed for S. platensis in the biomass harvested from the culture medium containing DCM supplemented with 2.0 mg/L of urea (DCM+U). © 2009 by Maejo University, San Sai, Chiang...

Context: Algae have gained importance in cosmeceutical product development due to their beneficial effects on skin health and therapeutical value with bioactive compounds. Spirulina platensis Parachas (Phormidiaceae) is renowned as a... more

Context: Algae have gained importance in cosmeceutical product development due to their beneficial effects on skin health and therapeutical value with bioactive compounds. Spirulina platensis Parachas (Phormidiaceae) is renowned as a potential source of high-value chemicals and recently used in skincare products.
Objective: This study develops and evaluates skin creams incorporated with bioactive S. platensis extract.
Materials and methods: Spirulina platensis was cultivated, the aqueous crude extract was prepared and in vitro cytotoxicity of S. platensis extract in the range of 0.001–1% concentrations for 1, 3 and 7 d on HS2
keratinocyte cells was determined. Crude extracts were incorporated in skin cream formulation at 0.01% (w/w) concentration and in vitro wound healing and genotoxicity studies were performed.
Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the collagen activity.
Results: 0.1% S. platensis extract exhibited higher proliferation activity compared with the control group with 198% of cell viability after 3 d. Skin cream including 1.125% S. platensis crude extract showed
enhanced wound healing effect on HS2 keratinocyte cell line and the highest HS2 cell viability % was obtained with this concentration. The micronucleus (MN) assay results indicated that S. platensis extract
incorporated creams had no genotoxic effect on human peripheral blood cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that collagen 1 immunoreactivity was improved by increased extract concentration and it was strongly positive in cells treated with 1.125% extract incorporated skin cream.
Conclusions: The cell viability, wound healing activity and genotoxicity results showed that S. platensis incorporated skin cream could be of potential value in cosmeceutical and biomedical applications.

An experiment was conducted on culture and growth performance of Spirulina platensis in various concentrations of rotten apple medium (RAM) and Kosaric Medium (KM). The observation was conducted for three months from March to May at the... more

An experiment was conducted on culture and growth performance of Spirulina platensis in various concentrations of rotten apple medium (RAM) and Kosaric Medium (KM). The observation was conducted for three months from March to May at the Live Food Culture Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University. Culture of S. platensis was performed in 1.0L glass flasks in three different media such as 2.5, 5.0 and 10% and KM with three replications under fluorescent light in light : dark (12 hr : 12 hr) condition of a period of 14 days. Growth performances of S. platensis varied from one medium to another. The initial cell weight of S. platensis was 0.0023 mg/L and a maximum cell weight of 12.44 mg/L was found in KM and 10.468 mg/L in RAM on 10th day of culture. It was also observed that, the initial chlorophyll a content of S. platensis was 0.0015 mg/L which was attained at a highest content of 10.54 mg/L in KM and 12.35 mg/L in RAM on 10th day of culture. A decreasing trend of cell weight was observed from 10th day of culture. The growth of S. platensis was significantly (p<0.05) better in 5.0% Digested Rotten Apple Medium (DRAM) than other concentrations 2.5% DRAM and 10% DRAM. From the results obtained in the present study, it was summarized that the growth of S. platensis was better in the concentrations of 5.0% DRAM than other concentrations of RAM. Thus, the concentration of 5.0% DRAM is most suitable for S. platensis culture compare with standard KM. These media are easily available and most inexpensive in contrast of Bangladesh. So digested rotten apple can be used for commercially and economically viable mass culture of S. platensis.

In this study, spirulina algae which is one of the blue-green algae rich in protein 61.50%, and high content of amino acids isoleucine and treptophan (6.77 and 1.93% of protine). Also, agood source of vitamins especially vitamin B complex... more

In this study, spirulina algae which is one of the blue-green algae rich in protein 61.50%, and high content of amino acids isoleucine and treptophan (6.77 and 1.93% of protine). Also, agood source of vitamins especially vitamin B complex such as vitamin B12 (193 μg / 100 g) and folic acid (9.66 mg/100 g), many phytoepigamates such as chlorophyll, phycocyanins, total carotene (1.470, 14.17 and 0.550%) and those considered as potent antioxidants. As well as minerals such as potassium, calcium, phosphorus and iron (2180.79, 1042.925, 1899.71 and 336.965 mg / 100 g, respectively). In addition to a high of natural fibers. Spirulina was used in the production of crackers and instant noodles by at 5, 10, 15 and 20%. Data of sensory evaluation results showed that the adding spirulina algae by ratio 20% had lower score for most properties compared to other tested. The chemical analysis, sensory evaluation, physical and cooking properties, rheological properties were done. The obtained data showed that the adding spirulina algae play a large role in increasing protein ratio and ash content and improved the physical properties of the crackers and cooking properties of instant noodles. Therefore it could be produced for industrial level to improve the nutritional status of these products for consumed among children.

Berjalannya persaingan pasar bebas AFTA ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA), dan yang terkini adalah Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), belum optimal memberikan dampak yang menggembirakan... more

Berjalannya persaingan pasar bebas AFTA ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA), dan yang terkini adalah Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), belum optimal memberikan dampak yang menggembirakan bagi industri nasional, termasuk di industri bidang pertanian dan perikanan. Sektor pertanian yang strategis dan memiliki kesempatan berkompetisi dalam persaingan pasar bebas adalah salah satunya produk olahan pangan. Produk khas, unik, inovatif, bergizi, aman, dan bermutu tinggi adalah syarat suatu produk olahan pangan lokal agar bisa lebih kompetitif dan meningkat daya saingnya. Salah satu makanan tradisional khas daerah Banyuwangi dan berbahan baku lokal yaitu Bagiak, berpotensi dapat bersaing di persaingan pasar bebas. Potensi tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan inovasi memanfaatkan penambahan zat gizi. Giakina merupakan inovasi kue Bagiak yang difortifikasi bahan rumput spirulina platensis. Secara umum, proses produksi Giakina (Bagiak Spirulina platensis) meliputi beberapa bagian, yaitu pemilihan bahan baku, penyiapan bahan, pencampuran bahan, pencetakan, pengovenan, pendinginan sampai pengemasan produk. Giakina (Bagiak Spirulina platensis) merupakan produk olahan pangan tradisional yang sangat strategis, karena sebagai makanan lokal fungsional bersifat khas daerah dan berpenampilan unik. Selain itu, produksi dari produk Giakina terus berlanjut (sustainable) karena bahan baku utama dapat didatangkan dari berbagai daerah di Indonesia serta tersedia sepanjang tahun. Dengan demikian, potensi usaha dan pemasaran produk Giakina sangat menjanjikan, baik skala lokal, nasional, maupun multinasional.
Kata kunci: bagiak, Spirulina platensis, Giakina, dan Inovatif.

A common perception of photobioreactor is an enclosed system which allows light to penetrate through with suitable circulation, cooling system and perfected with arrays of sensor to monitor culture parameters. This paper presents simple... more

A common perception of photobioreactor is an enclosed system which allows light to penetrate through with suitable circulation, cooling system and perfected with arrays of sensor to monitor culture parameters. This paper presents simple floating photobioractor (PBR) experiments that were placed on water bodies without any facilities of computerized controlled systems. The idea is to study the effects of different photobioreactors shape and different aeration placement on the productivity of Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina). In this study, simple floating PBRs were designed in two different shape form using water container, Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) materials. Simple land PBR was prepared with High-density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic bag, (25cm x 50cm). All PBRs were aerated from both top and bottom either with or without air stone for 10 days of A. platensis cultivation with daily monitoring of growth parameters. For bottom aeration, highest productivity was shown by Angular PBR with air stone (AS) at 0.090±0.002 gL-1d-1 ; while for top aeration, the productivity was shown highest by Cylindrical PBR aerated also with air stone (AS) at 0.071±0.001 gL-1d-1. Overall biomass of floating PBRs with and without air stone are significantly higher than land based PBRs. Regardless of having sophisticated designs for cultivation system, developing countries could use simple floating PBRs for commercial applications.

The cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis was cultivated in bench-scale miniponds on bicarbonate/carbonate solutions using urea as nitrogen source. To minimize limitation and inhibition phenomena, urea was supplied semicontinuously using... more

The cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis was cultivated in bench-scale miniponds on bicarbonate/carbonate solutions using urea as nitrogen source. To minimize limitation and inhibition phenomena, urea was supplied semicontinuously using exponentially increasing feeding rates. The average growth rates obtained alternately varying the total mass of urea added per unit reactor volume (275 &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; mT &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 725 mg/L) and the total feeding time (9 &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; tT &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 15 d) clearly evidenced nitrogen limitation for mT&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 500 mg/L and excess nitrogen inhibition above this threshold. The time behavior of the specific growth rate at variable urea feeding patterns allowed estimation of the time-dependent Gibbs energy dissipation for cell growth under the actual depletion conditions of fed-batch cultivations. Comparison of the yield of growth on Gibbs energy obtained using either urea or KNO3 pointed to the preference of S. platensis for the former nitrogen source, likely owing to more favorable bioenergetic conditions.

Mother earth is facing multitude of problems such as desertification, diminishing arable land and malnutrition. One way to overcome these problems is through the cultivation of Spirulina, Arthrospira platensis. Spirulina was mass... more

Mother earth is facing multitude of problems such as desertification, diminishing arable land and malnutrition. One way to overcome these problems is through the cultivation of Spirulina, Arthrospira platensis. Spirulina was mass cultivated in land-based tanks in Oman and Malaysia.
The objective of this study is to determine the different effects of salinity and comparative climate patterns to the mass production of A. platensis under sheltered outdoor conditions in both Oman and Malaysia. With extremely contrasting environments, A. platensis has unique ability to grow
in both tropical (Malaysia) and arid (Oman) outdoor conditions. Mass cultivation has been carried out at different salinity (5, 15, 25 and 35 ppt) over a period of 10 days with triplicates for each treatment in both countries. For the 10 days of cultivation in Oman, the highest average means of optical density measured at 620nm (ABS) was 1.691 ± 0.099 at salinity of 5 ppt which was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those grown at salinity of 25 and 35 ppt. Though, highest average means of biomass (g L -1) dry weight achieved with 35ppt, 0.848 ± 0.039 was not significantly different from other salinity concentrations. While in Malaysia, the highest optical density, 620nm (ABS) was recorded from Spirulina culture treatment with 5 ppt, 0.974 ± 0.052 which was not significantly different from other salinity treatments and the dry weight at 0.575 ± 0.032 g L-1 was significantly higher than 25 and 35 ppt. Although in this study salinity has shown variability in term of dry weight and productivity, overall productivity showed promising potential for further development of commercial Spirulina farms using seawater medium.

The experimental data on the study of the antibacterial activity of purified phycocyanin, a protein-bound pigment isolated from blue-green alga, Spirulina platensis (Nordstedt) Geitler, Oscillatoriaceae are generalized and it was shown... more

The experimental data on the study of the antibacterial activity of purified phycocyanin, a protein-bound pigment isolated from blue-green alga, Spirulina platensis (Nordstedt) Geitler, Oscillatoriaceae are generalized and it was shown that phycocyanin was able to markedly inhibit the growth of drug resistant bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus while, no activity was recorded in Acinetobacter baumanii and Enterococcus durans, this is the first report of the activity of purified C-phycocyanin against drug resistant bacteria. The possible use of phycocyanin as a drug with associated antibacterial activity is discussed.

The present study was carried out to determine LC50 of deltamethrin (DM) in the African catfish; Clarias gariepinus, investigate its effects on the biochemical parameters and the antioxidant status of various tissues, and assess the... more

The present study was carried out to determine LC50 of deltamethrin (DM) in the African catfish; Clarias gariepinus, investigate its effects on the biochemical parameters and the antioxidant status of various tissues, and assess the protective role of Spirulina platensis (SP) against DM induced toxicity in C. gariepinus. The fish were distributed into seven groups of 10 fish/each for 30 days as follows: Group 1, control; Group 2, orally administered saline; Group 3, oral SP (150 mg/kg b.w.); Group 4, exposed to 5.19 μg/l DM; Group 5, exposed to 5.19 μg/l DM and orally administered SP (150 mg/kg b.w.); Group 6, exposed to 12.97 μg/l DM; and Group 7, exposed to 12.97 μg/l DM and orally administered SP (150 mg/kg b.w.). Results revealed marked elevation in serum AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine, urea and uric acid. Significant decrease in serum total protein and albumin was recorded. At the same time, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased in liver, kidney and gills. While, tissue level ofGSHand, SOD,CATandGSH-Px activities were reduced. Treatment with SP improved the biochemical parameters and attenuated the DM induced oxidative damage. Therefore, this study confirmed the protective role of SP as an antioxidant against the toxicity of DM in catfish.
KEYWORDS
Clarias gariepinus, Deltamethrin, Biochemistry, Oxidative Stress, Spirulina

This preliminary study aims at evaluating the efficiency of a bench-scale tubular photobioreactor by means of batch cultivations of Spirulina platensis under light-limited conditions. The most interesting feature of this plant... more

This preliminary study aims at evaluating the efficiency of a bench-scale tubular photobioreactor by means of batch cultivations of Spirulina platensis under light-limited conditions. The most interesting feature of this plant configuration is the use of an airlift system for biomass re-cycling instead of traditional pumps to avoid the well-known problems of trichome damage owing to mechanical stress. A maximum