Youth Violence Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

There is considerable debate over the causes of violence around the world, one which goes beyond the analysis of conflict to consider the dynamics of community behavior and the importance of economic and behavioral factors. South Africa competes with Colombia, Venezuela, and a number of Central American countries for the unwelcome distinction of having among the world’s highest homicide rates, and high prevalence of other forms of violence, including domestic and sexual violence, are also appallingly prevalent. This article presents an analysis of data from a panel of young men in Cape Town. It provides little support for the hypothesis that unemployment is a direct cause of violence against strangers. The impact of drinking (or taking drugs) by adults in the home or by the young men themselves, living in a bad neighborhood, and immediate poverty are associated with violence against strangers, but being unemployed is not. This suggests that few young people in South Africa in the early 2000s come from backgrounds that strongly predispose them against the use of violence.

- by
- •
- Sociology, Criminology, Economic Sociology, Domestic Violence
- by Chad Broughton
- •
- Sociology, Violence, Violence Prevention, Urban Sociology

Objectives: This study seeks to determine the prevalence of violence in a popular hip-hop entertainment
magazine, a previously overlooked medium. Methods: We performed a content analysis on a random sample of 48 issues of The Source Magazine and coded magazine covers, and feature articles about celebrities and accompanying photographs for the presence of violent content. Results: 35% of covers contained at least one violent category in text or graphics. Nearly 80% of feature articles contained at least one violent category in the text and approximately 30% of feature articles were accompanied by at least one violent graphic. Conclusion: Findings suggest that The Source Magazine and possibly other hip-hop entertainment venues are a potential source of mediated modeling for violent behaviors.

- by Tyree Oredein
- •
- Violence, Violence & Media, Content Analysis, Youth Culture

In the field of youth violence prevention, there has been increasing emphasis on “evidence based” programs and principles shown through scientific research as reaching their intended outcomes. Community mobilization and engagement play a critical role in many evidence-based programs and strategies, as it takes a concerted effort among a wide range of people within a community to alter behavior and maintain behavioral change. How do concerned individuals and groups within a community engage others within and outside of that community to effectively plan, develop and implement appropriate EB programs as well as evaluate the outcomes and impacts of locally developed programs yet to be proven? The authors discuss five elements essential for community engagement in evidence-based youth violence prevention based on their work in a university-community partnership through the Asian/Pacific Islander Youth Violence Prevention Center (API Center), a National Academic Center for Excellence on Youth Violence Prevention Center supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. They include: (a) aligning EBPs with a community’s shared vision and values; (b) establishing an inclusive environment for the planning, implementation and evaluation of EBPs; (c) nurturing collaboration for increased effectiveness and efficacy of EBPs; (d) building adequate leadership and community capacity to develop and sustain EBPs; and (e) building a learning community for evaluation and self-reflection. The authors propose placing greater emphasis on “evaluative thinking” and organizational capacity for evaluation as we pursue evidence-based practices for youth violence prevention. This is especially important for ethnic groups for which an evidence base is not well established.

- by Rafael Artiga Gudiel
- •
- Sociology, Violence, Exclusion, Social Exclusion

This analysis of gun violence of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century in Germany follows four lines of inquiry: First, it specifies what was seen as violence and asks whether this understanding changed. Second, it examines the contextual, structural, and cultural factors that influence the occurrence of violent behavior.
Third, it examines the actors: Who acts violently, when, and why? And who was relevant in establishing which control regimes? Fourth, it analyses the kinds of control measures that were debated and the ways and means by which control was exerted. This historical case study identifies the mechanisms that are crucial for the perception of violence and uncover some of the mechanisms of violence control relationships. It shows how public attention and communication, information, and
scandalization are important triggers for violence control. It will also reveal how the violence control relationship is closely associated with political, social, and technological factors and therefore needs to be continuously renegotiated.

- by Dagmar Ellerbrock
- •
- Violence Prevention, School Violence Prevention, Youth Violence, Gun Control

การวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ศึกษาเกี่ยวกับการรับรู้ของเยาวชนต่อการรังแกในพื้นที่ไซเบอร์ในแง่ของความหมาย รูปแบบ สาเหตุ ผลกระทบ และวิธีการจัดการกับปัญหาการรังแกในพื้นที่ไซเบอร์ เก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลจากกลุ่มเยาวชนที่อยู่ในช่วงอายุระหว่าง 15-24 ปี ในภาคกลาง โดยใช้วิธีการสนทนากลุ่มๆ ละ 4-6 คนจำนวน 22 กลุ่ม และสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกจำนวน 26 คน รวมทั้งสิ้น 136 คน ผลการศึกษาพบว่า เยาวชนให้ความหมายต่อการรังแกในพื้นที่ไซเบอร์ว่าหมายถึง การใช้โทรศัพท์มือถือหรืออินเทอร์เน็ตในการทำร้ายกัน ซึ่งการรังแกในพื้นที่ไซเบอร์มีมิติที่สำคัญคือต้องสร้างความเสียหาย และสร้างความรำคาญต่อผู้ถูกกระทำ ทั้งนี้ขึ้นอยู่กับเจตนาของผู้กระทำ และความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างผู้กระทำกับผู้ถูกกระทำ รูปแบบของการรังแกที่รับรู้ประกอบด้วยการโจมตีหรือใช้วาจาหยาบคายผ่านนเทอร์เน็ตและโทรศัพท์มือถือ การคุกคามทางเพศออนไลน์ การแอบอ้างชื่อหรือตัวตนของผู้อื่นเพื่อให้ร้าย รวมไปถึงการสร้างกลุ่มขึ้นมาเพื่อโจมตีบุคคลอื่น ส่วนสาเหตุของการรังแกในพื้นที่ไซเบอร์นั้นเยาวชนรับรู้ว่าเกิดจากความเป็นนิรนามของพื้นที่ไซเบอร์ ความง่ายและสะดวกในการรังแกกัน และเป็นผลที่ต่อเนื่องมาจากการเกิดความรุนแรงในพื้นที่จริง ผลกระทบจากการรังแกในพื้นที่ไซเบอร์ก็จะส่งผลกระทบทั้งในระดับบุคคล และระดับปฏิสัมพันธ์ทางสังคม ในแง่ของการจัดการปัญหาดังกล่าวพบว่าเยาวชนมีการรับรู้ว่าจะจัดการปัญหานี้ด้วยตัวของตัวเอง หรืออาจมีการปรึกษาเพื่อนๆ บ้าง แต่จะไม่ปรึกษาผู้ปกครอง และประเด็นที่ต้องตระหนักคือปัญหาเกี่ยวกับการรังแกในพื้นที่ไซเบอร์ถูกมองว่าเป็นเรื่องปกติธรรมดาในสายตาของเยาวชน

- by Nattharat Samoh and +2
- •
- Perception, Thailand, Qualitative Research, Cyberbullying

Youth gangs proliferate in Guatemala and across the Americas; targeted by social cleansing campaigns and singularly conceived by society as violent aggressors, their purpose is ill-understood. Theirs is a society that has devised answers to social, economic and political exclusion endured on the outside. This research looks at the social, economic and political existence that awaits youth exiting the gang and shares the experience of an NGO working with ex-gang members. What is offered to the ex-gang member by the state, practitioners and donors?

- by Majella van der Werf
- •
- Central American Studies, Youth Violence, Youth gangs, Gangs
- by Jonathan Davies
- •
- History, Renaissance History, Violence, Early Modern History
- by Anthony Peguero
- •
- Criminology, Youth Violence
- by Samantha Teixeira
- •
- Social Work, Youth Violence, Rust Belt, Children and Youth at Risk

As scholars and community stakeholders continue to understand hegemonic masculinity and its influences on youth violence, it is important that marginalized ethnic groups are not excluded from the discourse. This qualitative exploratory study investigates the ways that hegemonic masculinity impacts adolescent boys and girls from Pacific Islander and Asian American backgrounds. Research findings reveal how peers, family members, and romantic partners impact youths’ propensity to engage in youth violence. Findings further divulge the similar and different ways that boys and girls from these ethnic backgrounds conceptualize youth violence, with males frequently using violence to enhance their social status and females relying on violence for protection and/or to bolster their relationship with boyfriends. The study calls for improved structural relationships between schools and marginalized ethnic communities, specifically calling for enhanced programs that address healthy dating practices, homophobia, and violence associated with the body.

- by David T Mayeda
- •
- Pacific Island Studies, Youth Violence, Hegemonic Masculinity
- by Elijah Pear
- •
- Youth Violence

La violencia es una conducta universal, expresada en distintas maneras, en
cualquier civilización y especie, la podemos encontrar tanto en animales como entre
humanos; sin embargo, para motivos del presente trabajo, se aborda la violencia
dentro del contexto humano, es decir, la violencia ejercida entre personas. La
violencia nace de las relaciones que establece un individuo con otro, habiendo un
vínculo afectivo de por medio, lo que en la mayoría de los casos lleva a normalizar
los actos violentos o a disminuirles su carácter agresivo, es decir, a normalizar la
violencia. La normalización de los actos violentos, sobre todo los psicológicos y
económicos, se da de forma frecuente en el mundo cotidiano, donde la población
aún no es capaz de distinguir qué actos constituyen violencia o puede llevar a ella.
El presente documento muestra los resultados de un proyecto de investigación que
tuvo como objetivos principales 1) Elaborar un instrumento de medición de la
normalización de conductas violentas para población multicultural, con valor
numérico, que refleje el índice de permisividad de conductas violentas ubicado en
una escala de riesgos y 2) Cuantificar el índice de normalización de conductas con
carga violenta.

- by Bárbara Muñoz Alonso Reyes and +1
- •
- Multiculturalism, Domestic Violence, Violence, Youth Violence
- by Gabriel Tenenbaum and +2
- •
- Youth Violence, Estudios sobre Violencia y Conflicto

This article presents a relatively new dimension of kidnapping, known as ritual kidnapping, which has been battling security and polity in Nigeria. The concepts of ritual and ransom kidnapping are explored and analysed within this text through the adoption of a theoretical framework on security with qualitative methods to explain the causes of kidnapping and ritual kidnapping, an overview of security in Nigeria, and a discussion surrounding the challenges regarding implementation of security within Nigeria. Drawing from results acquired during this study, it can be argued that while the concept of security is yet to be agreed on internationally to suit the needs of different states, Nigeria should adopt a hybrid security in addressing issues such as ritual kidnapping and other crimes in the country.

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo describir los efectos psicológicos y sociales que tiene el régimen de institucionalización vigente en los adolescentes privados de libertad en centros educativos del Paraguay. Dicha aseveración se basa en el trabajo de campo realizado por Enfoque Territorial para un estudio de UNICEF Paraguay en el que se contó con el aval y el consentimiento del Ministerio de Justicia para entrevistar a 75 adolescentes y realizar 12 grupos focales en los 8 centros educativos existentes en Paraguay, tanto de varones como de mujeres. La hipótesis que guía el artículo consiste en que el régimen de institucionalización actual en niños, niñas y adolescentes privados de libertad en los centros educativos del Paraguay, producen efectos negativos en su desarrollo a nivel psicológico y social, como altos niveles de estrés, pudiendo causar déficits sociales; aislamiento social, alteraciones emocionales, depresión, conductas desafiantes o antisociales; así como dificultades a la hora de desarrollar un proyecto de vida futura.

- by José Galeano Monti
- •
- Sociology, Youth Violence, Critical Prison Studies, Punishment and Prisons
- by Paul Ocobock
- •
- History, Domestic Violence, Violence, Gender History
- by Jean-François Y Deluchey
- •
- Police Science, Social Sciences, Violence, Homicide

The methods used to understand, interpret and critically present youth violence have wide ranging implications for developing policy and programs engaging our cultural context. While the last thirty years tremendous advances have occurred naming and researching violence, violence problems continue to be difficult to address because no one factor causes—or for that matter prevents—violence. This exploratory study uses quantitative and qualitative methodologies to examine operational definitions of youth violence the scientific literature. The study describes how violence in the lives of young people is defined in a sample of peer reviewed journal articles published between and 1987-1997.

- by Vivian Chavez
- •
- Social Representations, Public Health, Youth Violence
- by Tracy Wharton PhD, LCSW
- •
- Criminology, Juvenile Delinquency, Youth Violence, Social Control

Bullying and peer violence has become more prevalent in the past decade with nearly half of children or youth having been bullied at some point in their life. And with the increased use of social media amongst American youth, cyberbullying has been experienced by over a third of them (Sedghi, 2013). With fears of bullying or violence surrounding the school environment, the question begs to be asked: How does this affect their expected learning and development?

- by Justin Lee
- •
- Bullying, School Bullying, Youth Violence, Cyber Bullying

In this article I explore the concept of accountability for young people in youth restorative conferencing. Definitions of accountability in research and programme literature demonstrate significant variation between expectations of young people to admit harms, make amends, address the causes of their offending, and desist from future offending. Such variation is problematic in terms of aligning conferenc-ing goals with accountability expectations. I first draw from research that suggests appeals to normative frameworks such as accountability may not be useful for some young people with significant histories of victimisation, abuse, neglect, and trauma. I then examine problems in accountability for young people that are highly marginalised or 'redundant' in terms of systemic exclusion from economic and social forms of capital. These two issues-trauma on the micro level and social marginalisation on the macro level-suggest problems of getting to accountability for some young people. I also argue trauma and social marginalisation present specific problems for thinking about young offenders as 'moral subjects' and conferenc-ing as an effective mechanism of moralising social control. I conclude by suggesting a clear distinction between accountability and responsibility is necessary to disentangle the conflation of misdeeds from the acute social, psychological, and developmental needs of some young offenders.

- by William R Wood
- •
- Criminology, Trauma Studies, Victimology, Restorative Justice
- by Kathryn Seifert
- •
- Violence Prevention, Youth Violence

Using four datasets obtained from the World Health Organization's Global School-based Student Health Surveys (GSHS) for the Philippines (2003, 2007, 2011, 2015) that involved high school students from private and public educational institutions in the country, the study aimed to discover the significant risk and protective factors of suicide ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempts among the population under study. Results of the study identified several significant predictors of suicide risk from the four timeframes with two factors emerging as the most salient: (1) lack of sleep and (2) number of close friends emerging as the most salient push and pull factors of suicide respectively. This finding highlights the need for greater integration with one's peer groups during a person's life in secondary education and brings to fore the necessity to rethink the amount of activities that high school students engage in at the expense of their sleeping hours. The implications of the results of the study, particularly of the two most salient predictors of suicide, are discussed in the paper.

- by Mark Anthony Quintos
- •
- Youth Studies, Self Harm, Philippines, Suicide
- by Asif khan
- •
- Children's Literature & Culture, Juvenile Delinquency, Youth Violence, Children

The seemingly complex vocabulary, 'pugnacious' is simply defined by the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, as " wanting to start an argument or fight, or expressing an argument or opinion very forcefully ". This is a suitable term that summarizes the adverse impact of a lot of contemporary movies on the susceptible mind of youths around the world, it stimulates and propels them to think and act violently, as it is known that man is a product of what he sees.

- by Ojebode Oladele
- •
- Youth Studies, Media effects, Youth Violence, Nollywood
- by Kathryn Seifert
- •
- Violence Prevention, Youth Violence, Youth Violence Assessment
- by Gabriel Tenenbaum
- •
- Criminal Justice, Juvenile Justice, Juvenile Delinquency, Youth Violence
- by Obediah Dhodho
- •
- Youth Violence, Endogenous Growth Theory
- by Redy Wilson Lima
- •
- Youth Violence, Social Inequalities, Cape Verde

En este artículo exploramos la vida cotidiana de un grupo de jóvenes en conflicto con la ley y las relaciones que mantienen con los dispositivos y las estrategias de la actual Ley 20.084 de Responsabilidad Penal Adolescente (LRPA). Para ello describimos el contexto etnográfico de la investigación. Posteriormente mostramos los modos de sociabilidad juvenil, sus experiencias morales y las interacciones que mantienen con los dispositivos de la LRPA. Los materiales sugieren que la experiencia juvenil se vincula a valores, códigos, normas y expectativas locales articuladas a representaciones sobre lo masculino y lo adulto. Así, a través de sus experiencias morales, los jóvenes revelan los modos en que se involucran en prácticas delictivas, así como también las fricciones y los conflictos que mantienen con los dispositivos y las estrategias de la LRPA.

- by Mauricio Carreño Hernández and +2
- •
- Youth Studies, Sociology of Crime and Deviance, Juvenile Delinquency, Criminology (Social Sciences)

Contemporary approaches to integrating "self" and the "other"—such as multiculturalism, cultural diversity, race relations, inclusiveness strategies, or identity politics—are flawed from the perspective of traditional thought. At their core, modernist ideologies are inimical to and destructive of all human diversity. The new face of antipathy to pluralism is becoming more deceptive as it grows less focused on respecting diversity and more on promoting ideological uniformity and the erection of a global monoculture. This essay argues that it is from a metaphysical perspective that human diversity can be fully understood and can seek to reconcile the dichotomy of "self" and the "other".

- by Samuel Bendeck Sotillos
- •
- Religion, Buddhism, Native American Religions, Comparative Religion
- by Michael Vaughn
- •
- Criminology, Reading Comprehension, Youth Violence

McGill, Michael
2012 “Children Waging Peace, Changing Nations: An Exploration of Child Participation in Peacebuilding in Majority World Nations Impacted by Armed Intrastate Conflict.” Fuller Theological Seminary, School of Intercultural Studies. PhD in Intercultural Studies. 390 pp.
Ninety one percent of the world’s 2.2 billion children live in Majority World nations. Eighty percent of the poorest nations are experiencing a major civil war or have in their recent past. Eighty-six percent of all countries experiencing a new outbreak of civil conflict had sixty percent or more of the population younger than thirty.
This study seeks to develop a descriptive moral framework for mobilizing effective and ethical child participation in peace processes in Majority World nations impacted by or at high risk of armed intrastate conflict (MWNIAIC).
Part one explores the contemporary reality and dynamic interaction of children, poverty and violence in MWNIAIC, and then violence and peacebuilding in the Latin American and Colombian contexts.
Part two considers the gaps and contributions of just peacemaking, pacifism and just war theories toward forming a better understanding of children’s appropriate participation as peacebuilders in MWNIAIC.
Part three describes the Colombia research methodology. Grounded theory, ethnography and theoretical sampling were used. Sixteen semi-structured focus groups were conducted in all, seven with adults and nine with children eight to seventeen years old. Twenty-three interviews were conducted overall, eleven with adults and twelve with children nine to fourteen years old.
ii
Part four analyzes data gathered from interviews and focus groups conducted with children and adults in Colombia. Findings from themes resulting from each question are produced. The value of having discovered limited religious or spiritual responses from participants are also explored.
Part five presents a descriptive moral framework for child participation in peacebuilding in the form of a Child Peacebuilding Wheel. It draws upon: (a) the moral frameworks of just war, pacifism, and just peacemaking theories, (b) good practices presented in child participation theory, (c) works addressing child and youth peacebuilding, (d) my own original research findings in Colombia, and (e) my personal experience that includes over a decade of work with children in MWNIAIC, experience in over forty countries, and practicing as a child psychologist. The moral framework addresses both physical and psychological issues related to children’s: (a) security, (b) peacebuilding freedom, and (c) their developing capacity and responsibility.
C. Douglas McConnell
347 words

- by Michael McGill
- •
- Peace and Conflict Studies, War Studies, Child Development, Conflict Resolution

The Caribbean region, per capita, is one of the most violent in the world. Trinidad & Tobago (TT), an economic powerhouse, has been bedeviled by violence. Unsurprisingly, school violence has escalated; however, there is a paucity of data. In this c a s e study, I employed a critical p e a c e education and postcolonial studies framework to examine how school violence is conceptualized. The research site - a product of postcolonial educational expansion - is a co-educational secondary school in TT, and is nationally stigmatized for its violent notoriety and persistent academic underperformance. Observations, 33 semi-structured interviews, and 9 focus groups/classroom discussions (with a total of 84 students) were conducted over a 7-month period in 2010, with a 3-week follow-up in 2013. My data illustrate how youth are the main analytic unit in the discourse around school violence; a
discourse from which the structural role of the school is mostly omitted, as well as the lingering impact of a contemporaneously bifurcated educational system that was created during the colonial era. These omissions may serve to reinforce/perpetuate TT’s class-stratified society; this constitutes discursive violence, but more specifically, as its iteration in this case study, postcolonial structural violence. Such discursive violence is both a neocolonial product and enabler of the structural violence that maintains educational inequity in TT.

- by Christina Newhill
- •
- Criminology, Youth Violence, Drug abuse

Globally, youth-related development interventions by state and non-state actors follow relatively standard-form modalities. This is true of efforts involving young people in the Southwest Pacific state of Solomon Islands. Adopting a political economy framework, this chapter critiques approaches to state-youth engagement in Honiara, Solomon Islands capital. Activities in two principal field sites are examined: ‘settlement’ communities located to the east and west of the city, drawing on interviews with young male residents in both locations. Commencing with a historical analysis, the first half of the chapter documents the archetypal approaches adopted by the Solomon Islands state and its ‘outsider’ partners to male youth, arguing that various political economy dynamics have resulted in what are largely risk-adverse, temporally-limited, selective and non-transformative outcomes. An over-reliance on ‘outsiders’ has characterised these efforts, seeing interventions overlayed with a variety of external imperatives. The second half of the chapter draws directly on the voices of young men to assess and critique youth-related interventions as practised by international NGOs and Members of Parliament in the two field sites.

- by Michael Vaughn
- •
- Criminology, Youth Violence
- by iir publications
- •
- Artificial Intelligence, Numerical Analysis, Youth Violence, Fuzzy Theory
- by Alesha Durfee
- •
- Domestic Violence, Youth Violence, Intersectionality, Teenage Violence