lockdown Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Many studies have solely focused on the negative impact of the coronavirus while ignoring the fact that the coronavirus was also a blessing in disguise to certain institutions. This study focuses on an exploration of some of the environmental-related benefits accruing from the outbreak of the coronavirus, which eventually led many countries of the world to declare a national lockdown. The study utilised secondary sources from 21 articles gleaned from hand-searched literature from various web pages and online news, accessed through google web page (google.com) between March to September 2020. Key search words used in the search were COVID-19 and the environment, benefits of COVID-19 to the environment, the environmental impact of COVID-19, and the environmental behaviour during COVID-19. The study reported that some positive benefits of COVID-19 concerning the environment from China, the United States of America, Europe, and Africa. Findings from the review indicated that almost all ...

- by stanley boroh
- •
- History, Air Quality, Environmental Behaviour Change, Greenhouse gases

An qualitative enquiry has been made to find out the employment vulnerability in rural and urban informal economy of India. Focus is also given on government responses towards it. The analysis is presented in four parts. Firstly an overview of Indian formal sector is presented followed by covid-19 pandemic impact on both rural and urban informal economy of the country. The study period is taken from 24 th March 2020 to 31st July. The informal sector is going through a very tough stage due to this pandemic. As the unorganized sector in India accounts for 93% of the workforce. Fall down in economic activities have pushed the works into the trap of poverty. Workers like daily wage earners, household-helps, MGNREGA workers etc. are severely affected. Government policy responses may help in short-run but may not be effective in the long-run. In the area of labour economics ,the study will be helpful. It can provide information separately for rural and urban informal economy and may help in policy designing.

- by IAEME Publication
- •
- Poverty, Employment, Informal Sector, Unorganized Sector

Kasus lockdown covid-19, menurut teori tentang filasafat Negara-negara yang terkena atau terjangkit virus terseut harus berfikir bagaimana cara agar virus tersebut tidak akan lagi menambah pasien, diperlukannya cara berfikir yang cepat dan tepat karena bukan hanya sekedar nyawa saja yang ditaruhkan tetapi Negara itu sendiri juga ikut dipertaruhkan. Menurut teori pancasila sebagai filsafat dan bentuk Negara, jika suatu Negara sudah terjangkin maka para pemimpin-pemimpin Negara, para tenaga medis dan semua masyarakat harus menggunakan prinsip gotong royong, diharapkan dengan bergotong-royong dapat membantu mengurahi rantai penularan virus dan membantu menyelamatkan Negara itu sendiri. Salah satu yang dilakukan adalah dengan cara diterapkannya system lockdown.

- by Nurul Khusnul Khotimah-3803019016
- •
- Virus, Negara, Gotong Royong, lockdown

Introduction: The pandemic caused by the new Coronavirus (COVID-19) has become one of the great torments of the 21st century. Social distancing was adopted as a measure to prevent the spread of the vi-rus. Although necessary, this confinement can trigger emotional disorders. Physical activity has positive effects on physical well-being and mental health, including the possibility of reducing psychological suf-fering. Objective: To describe the impact of physical activity on anxiety levels during social isolation due to COVID-19, among young people and adults. Methods: An integrative review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. Searches were performed between May and July 2021 in the APA PsycINFO, Medline (via PubMed), and Li-lacs (via VHL) electronic databases. Results: Of the 95 scientific articles found, 12 were considered eligible. The analyzed studies showed that, during confinement, women became less physically active, while men performed more physical activities and had lower levels of anxiety. Additionally, the higher the scores for physical activity, the lower the anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: Individuals who remained physically active or increased the amount of daily physical activities with moderate and/or vigorous intensities had lower levels of psychological disorders during the social distancing imposed by COVID-19.

The beginning of Covid-19 in India had contrarily affected the auto business. It is assessed that there will be a general income effect of at any rate $1.5 - 2.0 billion every month across the business. Even after we open up, further decrease in traveler vehicles request is normal with optional spend assuming a lower priority. A delayed truncation of shopper interest because of the lockdown has fundamentally influenced vehicle producers' incomes and incomes. Accordingly, most organizations are famished of R&D financing to support center activities, and possibly slowing down the advancement made on substitute fuel and versatility innovations by two to four quarters. Hence it’s now the responsibility of the automakers and the government to stabilize the lost industry and get them back on track. The government can support in a numerous ways to the automakers and help them maintain the industry if not to the top but to survive. A lot of families are dependent on this industry and that is directly proportional for their living standards to be stable or deteriorate

- by IAEME Publication
- •
- Economy, Automotive Sector, Covid-19, lockdown

The people of India as well as West Bengal is going through a crisis period due to COVID-19. And in order to reduce the infection India government has taken a step of ‘lockdown’ which means a state of restriction access instituted as a security measure. Due to this situation all over the state, the rhythm of daily life journey has fallen. Rural and urban economy of a country is totally disrupted. The main objective of this study is to fine out the lockdown effects on economy of the mask makers. Charida (Chorda) a rural craft hub has been selected as a study area. In this village almost total households are engaged with mask making and Chhau dancing. Craftsmen had taken loan of high amount with 50% interest rate for this rural mask making business and also invested money for performance of Chhau dance in outside of the village or district. But this ‘Corona’ demon pandemic totally hits their economic development curve. Cancellation of every outside show and fair, dancer as well as craftsmen have lost their income. Those who are engaged to collect products from forest and sells products at local or district market, lockdown also hammer on their economy. Still now extension of lockdown is totally disrupting their source of income. In between mental pressure they are fighting with this tough situation and trying to recover their loss with alternate option. Such as designer mask as protective face gear and perform Chhau dance with maintain social distancing between the performers.

- by IERJ Journal
- •
- Craftsman, Covid-19, lockdown, Mask maker

The 2020 pandemic caused by Sars-Cov-2 (hereinafter, the coronavirus pandemic), has triggered an array of legal responses across Council of Europe States. Many measures taken by states to slow the spread of the virus by ‘flattening the curve’ and enforce social distancing are similar across states. That stated, one key fault-line opening up is on the question of whether to derogate from the ECHR under Article 15. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate why Article 15 ECHR should be used to accommodate what has become known as ‘lockdown’ powers necessary to confront the coronavirus pandemic. This is the closest we shall get to an ‘ideal state of emergency’—the very situation it was designed for. In contrast, far from protecting human rights, failure to use Article 15 ECHR risks normalising exceptional powers and permanently recalibrating human rights protections downwards.

- by Alan Greene
- •
- Human Rights Law, Human Rights, Carl Schmitt, States of Emergency

Purpose/objective: This study attempted to examine the consumer buying behavior of essential items like grocery, pharma, and hygiene during the nationwide lockdown imposed by government of India. The national lockdown is to maintain social distancing, therefore, reducing the chances of virus spread. Such circumstances are creating a lot of paranoia and fear among the Indian households about managing the supply of essential items to survive during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology: in order to achieve the objectives of this study, an online survey was conducted on the households residing in national capital region of India. For this purpose, a self-structured questionnaire was designed which was further distributed among target respondents by using convenient sampling technique. Out of total 250 responses received, 226 were found fit for the analysis. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, t-test, and one-way ANOVA have been used to analyze the data. Results/findings: The nationwide lockdown changes the purchasing behavior of the customer regarding essential items and their related aspects like price, packaging, labeling, smoothness of product or services and timely delivery etc Practical implications: This study is very important for the marketers as well as researchers to know the changes in purchasing behavior of the customers specifically related to the factors of Essential Supplies, Price, Packaging & Labeling; Stock and Supply Shortage; Smooth Delivery; Digital Support and Product Freshness and Authenticity of the product and services at the time of nationwide lockdown situation. It is very important for the marketers to know the returning of the customers towards their previous pattern that can be the future research direction for the researchers as well as marketers also. Originality: This paper is attempted to examine household buying behavior of essential items to survive in situation of nationwide lockdown.

- by IAEME Publication
- •
- India, Consumer Buying Behavior, lockdown, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

The Covid-19 pandemic has been one of the most significant events affecting the largest number of countries at the same time around the globe. Governments instituted the closure of schools and lockdown of cities and other areas to prevent the spread of the virus. Students had to learn through online platforms meant to enhance continued learning. The current study aimed to explore the extent to which Covid-19 pandemic and the lockdown impact families of students with special education needs. Qualitative approach was used; semi-structured interviews were undertaken using online communication tools via Google Meet platform and for data analysis Atlas.ti program was used for coding and categorizing. The findings revolved around main themes in the study include; behavior problems in the children, psychological distress for the parents, and difficulty of delivering the rigid content and schedules. Implications for school and social support are discussed for policymakers in Jordan.

Basic all-cause US death data for 2020, when reviewed in light of a claimed Covid-19 pandemic, suggest most annual excess deaths are due to the physical consequences of lockdown-related mandates which create economic ruin and added emotional and somatic-pathological devastation within vulnerable populations. The CDC's data on Covid-19 lab-confirmed tests, cases and deaths were reviewed as plotted on the same ordinate vertical axis scale, indicating a high correlation between tests and cases, but no correlations or causality between either tests or cases to deaths. Covid-19 deaths among age-groups of high-risk elderly 65+ years and older, were found to be of nearly identical percentages as in all-cause deaths in the same age demographic. Daily death/case ratios failed to affirm any significant global growth or spread of an expected deadly viral pandemic. Claimed Covid-19 deaths followed a dominant seasonal wintertime pattern, peaking within the different winter months of the two hemispheres. These direct reviews of the official data exposed multiple contradictions to basic causality and logic, revealing observed pathology and deaths are primarily due to extreme lockdown measures undertaken to control a presumed viral pandemic, but not to any viral pandemic itself. Problems in PCR/Antigen tests and electron-microscopy for specific identification of SARS-CoV-2 were exposed, indicating the claimed Covid-19 lab tests and clinical diagnoses are, at high numbers, inaccurately mis-attributing ordinary end-of-life diseases and conditions to a poorly-demonstrated virus. This is why lab-confirmed cases among asymptomatic people who remain healthy have soared to dramatically high numbers, while lab-confirmed deaths have not. All-cause death data suggest respiratory disorders such as influenza or pneumonia are being inappropriately reclassified as Covid-19. Soaring "case" numbers reflect herd immunity only, while increased death numbers are due to comorbidities made worse in vulnerable populations by forced lockdowns and economic ruin.

- by James DeMeo
- •
- Censorship, vitamin C, Iatrogenic injury, Iatrogenic Disease

This paper provides an analysis of the lockdown politics implemented in Greece during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. It argues that Greece's pandemic politics deepened the crisis of the familistic social model that resulted from the austerity policies of the last decade. Although caring for the family became a high priority during the pandemic, resources for families and households did not increase. Likewise, while "essential" workers were much praised by officials, their wages and working conditions hardly improved. The COVID-19 pandemic crisis management in Greece has two peculiarities: First, the country entered the pandemic after a painful decade of austerity, interrupting the fragile, long-awaited economic recovery. Second, given the inadequate state of the public healthcare system after a decade of austerity, the lockdowns in Greece were among the strictest in Europe. Rather than being the result of state preparedness, these lockdowns can be interpreted as an acknowledgment of state failure.

Purpose/objective: This study attempted to examine the consumer buying behavior of essential items like grocery, pharma, and hygiene during the nationwide lockdown imposed by government of India. The national lockdown is to maintain social distancing, therefore, reducing the chances of virus spread. Such circumstances are creating a lot of paranoia and fear among the Indian households about managing the supply of essential items to survive during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology: in order to achieve the objectives of this study, an online survey was conducted on the households residing in national capital region of India. For this purpose, a self-structured questionnaire was designed which was further distributed among target respondents by using convenient sampling technique. Out of total 250 responses received, 226 were found fit for the analysis. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, t-test, and one-way ANOVA have been used to analyze the data. Results/findings: The nationwide lockdown changes the purchasing behavior of the customer regarding essential items and their related aspects like price, packaging, labeling, smoothness of product or services and timely delivery etc. Practical implications: This study is very important for the marketers as well as researchers to know the changes in purchasing behavior of the customers specifically related to the factors of Essential Supplies, Price, Packaging & Labeling; Stock and Supply Shortage; Smooth Delivery; Digital Support and Product Freshness and Authenticity of the product and services at the time of nationwide lockdown situation. It is very important for the marketers to know the returning of the customers towards their previous pattern that can be the future research direction for the researchers as well as marketers also. Originality: This paper is attempted to examine household buying behavior of essential items to survive in situation of nationwide lockdown.

- by IAEME Publication
- •
- India, Consumer Buying Behavior, lockdown, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
- by Anthony Stavrianakis and +1
- •
- Modeling and Simulation, COVID-19 PANDEMIC, lockdown

Risk aversion, courage and sacrifice during the "war" against coronavirus Courage, cowardice and cowering? Honouring the risk takers? Misrepresentation of the scope of the crisis? Collateral damage and tolerable fatalities in warfare --... more

Risk aversion, courage and sacrifice during the "war" against coronavirus
Courage, cowardice and cowering?
Honouring the risk takers?
Misrepresentation of the scope of the crisis?
Collateral damage and tolerable fatalities in warfare -- from the perspective of authorities

- by Anthony Judge
- •
- Heroism, Compliance, Courage, Mortality

L'esperienza del COVID-19 ci ha posto la necessità di una ri essione sugli spazi e sulle modalità organizzative della società contemporanea. L'agire progettuale sarà nell’immediato futuro chiamato a rispondere a nuove problematiche, in particolare per ciò che investe la dimensione dell'abitare. La nostra ricerca ha assunto l’esperienza della pandemia come polo che pone all'attenzione nuove modalità di pensare il sicuro e il non-sicuro comportando conseguentemente inedite modalità dell’agire sociale. A partire dai decreti istituzionali (Dpcm 23/02/2020 n.6; Dpcm, 11/03/2020 n.64) abbiamo de nito lo spazio sicuro come tendenzialmente estraneo
dal rischio del contagio, mentre lo spazio non-sicuro diviene quello in cui il rischio è concepito maggiormente probabile. In questo intervento intendiamo concentrarci sulle strategie dell'abitare durante il contesto del lockdown, tentando da un lato di contestualizzare geogra camente i luoghi indagati secondo una diversi cazione fra aree urbane e rurali e nord, centro e sud Italia, e le modalità secondo cui tali traiettorie contribuiscono alla ride nizione e ri-orientamento degli spazi (sia pubblico che domestico), dall'altro alle modalità proprie che investono «l'opera di negoziazione tra i soggetti e la casa» [Meloni, 2014], che implica la mediazione fra distinti piani agentivi.
La ricerca è stata condotta in due fasi. In un primo momento, attraverso la diffusione di un questionario durante
il mese di aprile (circa 2400 questionari analizzati) abbiamo indagato le modalità con cui i soggetti avevano circoscritto lo spazio sicuro; consapevoli del ruolo culturalmente costruito dell'igiene abbiamo investigato, attraverso un focus sulla routinizzazione delle pratiche igieniche durante la fase 1 del lockdown, le modalità con cui veniva delimitato lo spazio sicuro domestico e le strategie attraverso le quali i soggetti lo mantenevano “separato” rispetto allo spazio esterno “non-sicuro”. Vi è alla base di questa impostazione una concezione densa della categoria di routine, volta a tenere insieme il suo carattere di habitus, dispositivo strutturante e strutturato, e quello di tattica. In una seconda fase abbiamo condotto due focus group (a fine aprile e a inizio maggio) per approfondire
le modalità di ri-orientamento, rifunzionalizzazione e mediazione nella gestione dello spazio domestico con particolare attenzione al tema del homeworking.
I riferimenti teorici e metodologici messi in campo in questa ricerca sono stati quelli della geogra a sociale e dell'antropologia culturale con particolare attenzione alle ri essioni sul corpo, lo spazio e la cultura materiale.

- by Leonardo Porcelloni
- •
- Geography, Social Geography, Anthropology, Focus Groups

This study provides a general epidemiological review of Corona-virus disease in Nigeria during the first wave of the pandemic from February to December 2020 and the efforts of the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) to curtail the disease. Coronavirus disease is a highly transmissible and pathogenic viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV2), which emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and later spread worldwide. The first confirmed case of the disease in Nigeria was in February 2020, and the subject was an Italian who works in Nigeria but returned from Milan, Italy to Lagos, after which the virus spread to other parts of the country. In order to curtail the spread of the menace, lockdown measures were introduced by the FGN during the first wave since there is no precise treatment for the disease, thus making prevention critical. Despite these measures, the spread of Covid-19 in Nigeria continues to record a significant surge beyond the first wave.

- by Texila International Journal and +1
- •
- Epidemiology, Public Health, Nigeria, Social Responsibility

The youth of today which comprises of college-going students wants instant gratification. They live in a world where they are always looking for something to pique their interest. The students of today do not possess patience that the students of the past era had. They want everything to be delivered on a click, be it information or entertainment. These days due to the pandemic the students are mostly housebound and most of them spend a lot of time on various streaming sites. The purpose of this research is to find out the opinion of wide section students about these streaming sites. What is the type of content that they prefer?

- by Publishing India Group
- •
- Management, Hospitality, Web Series, lockdown

Covid-19 pandemic has caused havoc worldwide. India is also going through a challenging situation as the number of infected/positive cases is increasing day by day. With strict preventive measures and restrictions by the Indian Government in the form of nationwide lockdown, the citizens are going through a range of psychological and emotion reactions, fear and uncertainty being one of them. This study was conducted with the aim of exploring the impact of Covid-19 and lockdown on the mental health of individuals. DASS-21 was used to assess Depression, Anxiety and Stress among 1000 respondents. Results suggest that there is a significant difference among Depression, Anxiety and Stress across age, gender and employment. Also, Depression was found to be highamongthe respondents of age range 15-35 years, Anxiety was found to be prevalent among those belonging to 21-25 years of age and Stress was found to be high in individuals of 21-25 years of age.

- by Dr Kashif Hasan
- •
- Mental Health, Stress (Psychology), COVID-19 PANDEMIC, lockdown

- by IAEME Publication
- •
- Poverty, Employment, Informal Sector, Unorganized Sector

During this COVID 19 pandemic situation, all sectors including education is also
conducting its services via online. Most of the undergraduate in Sri Lanka are very familiar
with class room traditional learning process. This paradigm shift has caused advantages and
disadvantages in their education activities. A study on awareness of online learning of
undergraduate is very much important to measure their present performances, finding pitfalls
and draft online learning policies and guidelines for a successful learning environment. This
research paper involved both Quantitative and Qualitative methods; where these two methods
were used to determine the factors of awareness of students about online learning among the
undergraduates of the South Eastern University of Sri Lanka (SEUSL). There were around 400
questionnaires were sent to the students via WhatsApp and received 310 responses that can be
used for this study. Students mentioned that they were facing the internet connectivity issues
(40.2%) during this COVID-19 lockdown period. Most of the students pointed out that their
monthly expenditure (69.4%) and internet bill (48.5%) have increased due to this online
learning system. More than 50% of the students were happy with online education during this
lockdown. Only 19.6% of them preferred the offline learning. Most of the students already had
the experience in Zoom (51.2%) but, they preferred t o use WebEx for their online education
due to the user friendliness of WebEx. It is recommended to develop any virtual reality
applications to conduct practical sessions. Also, universities can conduct online training
programs about online education tools. Furthermore, government should consider to provide
internet connection with free of charge to the students also internet providers should analyses
the coverage issues in the rural areas. Furthermore, researcher can conduct survey about
students’ perception and expectation about online learning in future.

Rispetto delle procedure, strumentalità, proporzionalità, evidenza scientifica, ragionevolezza e rispetto dei diritti core informano l'intera disciplina delle misure sanitarie emergenziali e vincolano i governi nella dichiarazione, regolamentazione ed attuazione dei lockdown. La mancata osservanza dei detti requisiti costituisce violazione del diritto sanitario internazionale, in particolare del Regolamento sanitario internazionale, e dei diritti umani fondamentali come sanciti nelle principali Carte internazionali tra cui la Dichiarazione universale dei diritti umani ed il Patto internazionale sui diritti civili e politici anche come interpretato nei Siracusa Principles. Documenti che sono strettamente correlati al Regolamento Sanitario in virtù dei collegamenti espliciti e lessicali. - Parole chiave: lockdown, diritti umani, Regolamento sanitario internazionale, global health law, Patto internazionale sui diritti civili e politici.

The study was conducted to explore the experiences of dairy farmers in Kamrup (Metro), Assam, India, with the particular focus on livelihood sustenance and upliftment of dairy farmers in the lockdown period. The results obtained from a sample of 100 dairy farmers indicated that a significant number of dairy farmers were satisfied with the evolution of a lucrative direct selling channel during the lockdown which guarantees higher profits. Surveyed reports showed that cost of fodder, availability of manpower and veterinary services are the most important dilemma for the farmers followed by adoption of unscientific techniques in farming for households income.

- by IAEME Publication
- •
- Livelihood, Marketing channel, Dairy Farming, lockdown

• COVID-19 pandemic impact lockdown events in NEUAE greatly reduced the NO 2 , AOD and SUHII concentrations. • All Emirates in NEUAE showed decline in NO2, AOD and SUHII concentrations during lockdown period. • The average NO2, AOD and SUHII concentrations were decreased by 23.7%, 3.7% and 19.2%, respectively. • Validation for results showed a significant linear correlations between estimated and measured values.

- by Ayad M. Fadhil Al-Quraishi and +1
- •
- Uae, NO2, AOD, Covid-19

The COVID-19 pandemic caused worldwide turmoil and resulted in many impacts on the environment and society. As a result of the Covid-19 pandemic water bodies, the atmosphere and ecosystems are all affected and have observed appreciable positive and negative effects. One of the major challenges of the 21st century is the environmental issues. In spite of various efforts to improve or restore environmental conditions during the last few decades, we could not achieve a meritorious position. But during period of the COVID-19 pandemic due to lockdown, environment have successfully recovered to a large extent that certainly put positive impact on global climate change and also changes the behavior of humans and the surrounding ecological system. Environmental systems, including water, have received positive impacts as a result of the reduction of pollutant loading from input of vehicle emission and industries. Moreover, positive impacts, including air quality improvement as a result of a reduction in the loading of particulate matter, nitrous oxide, and other gaseous pollutants.

- by IJRASET Publication
- •
- Education, Family, Environmental Sustainability, Covid-19

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a COVID-19 pandemic accompanied by a series of mass lockdowns. Some of the consequences of these lockdowns were (1) psychological problems, (2) development of simultaneous activities in spaces not prepared for it, and (3) indoor spaces that generate negative emotions in people. To improve people's mental health during times of lockdown, this research proposes a methodology to design positive interior environments through color, texture, objects, furniture, and equipment. For this, 147 qualitative surveys were carried out, the structure of which is based on research methods and tools inherited from marketing discipline (Likert Scale and Customer Satisfaction Score). Several operative graphs were created to make decisions on the design of interior environments. To avoid some of the problems caused by indoor environments during lockdowns it is recommended that users return to paying attention to the design of the interior spaces of their homes. Note that there is no standard solution to this problem, but a method to design interior environments based on people's positive mental health such as the one presented here can help. The trends found in this work open a field of exploration towards the improvement of interior spaces through neutral colors, natural materials (cotton and wood) and objects with which emotional relationships are created, either with the objects (collections) or because they allow you to connect with other people (technology). It is considered necessary to continue with the research by expanding the sample to incorporate into the analysis the most vulnerable sectors of population during COVID-19 lockdowns.

- by Lucía Martín López
- •
- Interior Design, Environmental Design, Color, Furniture

The unprecedented challenges brought in by the pandemic have disturbed various structural facets of the economy. The impact is being compared to the Great Depression of 1930s, which was followed by various structural changes that have shaped the global economy in the last decade. The fast spreading virus prompted the governments worldwide to declare lockdown in four different phases. This situation impacted both the formal sector as well as the informal sector. The paper traces the different phases of lockdown in India and the impact it has had on the employment in the informal sector. The study analyzes the impact of lockdown under COVID -19 on the jobs in informal sector, in India. An attempt is made to present the scenario of job losses in the two phases of lockdown in India, in informal sector, with the objective to spell out the its probable consequences on the Indian economy and make recommendations to ease out the economic burdens of the workers in the informal sector

- by IAEME Publication
- •
- Great Depression, World Bank, Informal Sector, CoVid

Lockdown Lessons is action research of the Pawlik family reflecting their dealings with the Corona Lockdown via art, storytelling, and analyses. Die Familie Pawlik hat den Lockdown gemeinsam verbracht und macht sich Gedanken über die... more

- by Lucas Pawlik
- •
- Action Research, Coronavirus COVID-19, lockdown

The social ills exacerbated, not so much by the pandemic as by the
authoritarian measures taken to curb human freedom in order to curb its spread, are illuminated by Avigail Abarbanel. Her analysis of neoliberal economics and its destructive effects on human wellbeing is accompanied by a call to the Church, and to her own profession, to strive for human flourishing rather than providing coping mechanisms: “The Church Jesus established was supposed to be the vehicle for changing the world, not another flawed and human institution or structure that can get easily lost
in its own need to survive.” (From Introduction by Rev. Dr Nicholas Taylor)

The nationwide lockdown announced due to COVID-19 has increased social isolation and kept people confined to their homes. The effect of lockdown may not be the same for everyone, some are happy with their families at home whereas some find it difficult. In some instances, spending more time together with their partners may lead to the arisal of different interpersonal problems due to financial and psychological issues produced as a result of lockdown. The purpose of the research is to understand the influence of socioeconomic status and mindset on the marital satisfaction of the individuals in the period of lockdown. A total sample of 172 married individuals, between the age 25 to 60, from Thrissur district of Kerala, is considered as the sample population. The Couple Satisfaction Index (CSI-4), Kuppuswamy's socioeconomic status scale (2019) and Growth mindset scale are used to measure the marital satisfaction, socioeconomic status and type of mindset of the individuals respectively. Simple linear regression, One-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation are used to evaluate the data for statistical significance. The research concludes that there is an inversely proportional relationship between marital satisfaction and fixed mindset. It is also observed that lower socioeconomic status could result in lower marital satisfaction. Type of mindset is also a factor that influences the marital satisfaction of people.

Delhi is among the most polluted cities in the World. The level of air pollution is many times the unsafe limits as prescribed by the WHO and Indian government. There have been many interventions by the government to contain the pollution like Odd-Even scheme of vehicle rationing, prohibiting heavy traffic into the city, condemning old vehicles, construction of peripheral highways etc. However, none of the interventions have been effective to provide the desired results. On the contrary the ongoing Lockdown due to Covid-19 pandemic has brought overwhelming improvement in the air quality in not only Delhi but entire country. Multiple media reports have mentioned about clear skies, cleaner air, improvement in quality of water in rivers etc. While the deterioration of environmental conditions is linked with the anthropogenic activities, the absence of these activities during the Lockdown has brought the impact into prominence. While the Covid-19 pandemic is an unprecedented health and economic crisis, it also provides a rare opportunity to study this impact. Author has carried out this exploratory research in his city of Delhi to determine the impact of Lockdown on the Air Quality.

- by nisar khan
- •
- Environmental Science, Air Quality, Environmental Management, Air pollution

The world-wide lockdown is at least conducive to reflection. It has taught us many valuable lessons and how major revolutions happen: suddenly, without much foresight, and demonstrating our remarkable ability to adapt.

- by Jean Grondin
- •
- Philosophy, COVID-19 PANDEMIC, lockdown

Background: In early 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic caused an unprecedented
overload for the health service. A decrease in admissions for Acute Coronary
Syndrome (ACS) was reported during lockdown, although many aspects remain
to be clarified. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the
pandemic and of lockdown itself in this area.
Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study based on data from
patients who visited the emergency department of a tertiary hospital with chest pain
during 2018-2020, as well as those who were admitted for ACS. Personal details,
date of admission, additional test results (laboratory and echocardiography), and
therapy were recorded. Patients were divided into 3 groups: preCOVID (n=1,301),
lockdown (n=45), and postlockdown (n=343).
Results: Fewer visits to the emergency department for chest pain and admissions
for ACS were recorded during lockdown (48.6% and 51.1% respectively, p<0.05).
Patients who were admitted during lockdown were characterized by poorer control of
cardiovascular risk factors, visited later (more evolving infarctions: 2.7% vs. 14.3%,
p<0.05), experienced more echocardiographic complications during admission, and
had more than 3-fold mortality rates (both in-hospital and postdischarge).
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown itself had a negative effect on
ischemic heart disease beyond SARS-CoV-2 infection.

- by Fortune Journals
- •
- Down Syndrome, lockdown

Este artículo contrasta una hipótesis situacional que postula que en 2020 el número de femicidios debería haber aumentado como consecuencia involuntaria de los confinamientos impuestos para evitar la propagación de la pandemia de COVID-19. Los datos mensuales de femicidios entre 2017 y 2020, recogidos en seis países de habla castellana —Argentina, Chile, España, México, Paraguay y Panamá— y analizados estadísticamente mediante modelos de umbral, indican que esa hipótesis ha sido refutada. El número total de femicidios en 2020 fue similar al registrado durante cada uno de los tres años anteriores. En particular, los femicidios no aumentaron durante los meses de confinamiento estricto. De hecho, su distribución mensual en 2020 no difiere de la distribución estacional de los femicidios en ninguno de los años anteriores. En la Discusión se critica el estado actual de la investigación científica sobre el femicidio y su incapacidad para inspirar políticas criminales eficaces. También se proponen tres líneas de intervención, las cuales se basan en un enfoque holístico que sitúa al femicidio en el contexto de los delitos contra las personas, incorpora enfoques de la biología y las neurociencias, y amplía las actuales explicaciones culturales del femicidio.

- by Marcelo F Aebi and +1
- •
- Domestic Violence, Paraguay, Argentina, Violence Against Women
- by Giuseppe Laneve
- •
- Education, Elearning and Distance Learning Eductaion, School, Right to Education

We conducted a retrospective observational study to assess the hospitalization rates for acute exacerbations of asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) during the first imposed lockdown in Athens, Greece. Patient characteristics and the concentration of eight air pollutants [namely, NO (nitrogen monoxide), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), CO (carbon monoxide), PM2.5 (particulate matter 2.5), PM10 (particulate matter 10), O3 (ozone), SO2 (sulfur dioxide) and benzene] were considered. A total of 153 consecutive hospital admissions were studied. Reduced admissions occurred in the Lockdown period compared to the Pre-lockdown 2020 (p < 0.001) or the Control 2019 (p = 0.007) period. Furthermore, the concentration of 6/8 air pollutants positively correlated with weekly hospital admissions in 2020 and significantly decreased during the lockdown. Finally, admitted patients for asthma exacerbation during the lockdown were younger (p = 0.046) and less frequently presented respiratory failure (p = 0.038), whereas patients with COPD presented higher blood eosinophil percentage (p = 0.017) and count (p = 0.012). Overall, admissions for asthma and COPD exacerbations decreased during the lockdown. This might be partially explained by reduction of air pollution during this period while medical care avoidance behavior, especially among elderly patients cannot be excluded. Our findings aid in understanding the untold impact of the pandemic on diseases beyond COVID-19, focusing on patients with obstructive diseases.

- by Efthimios Zervas and +1
- •
- Asthma, Air pollution, COPD Exacerbations, COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Poland was one of the countries that was hit by the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, and its government imposed restrictions to combat the spreading of the virus. The Internet and social media became outlets for people’s reactions to the events that unfolded, including the lockdown. A part of this reaction came in the form of creating and sharing memes – an expression of digital participatory culture. This paper aims to analyze how Covid-19 was communicated and narrated through Internet memes and how they presented the pandemic and actors responsible for fighting it. 1,763 memes from six media platforms were analyzed using content analysis with framing elements and a comparative narrative analysis. The results show that the memes provided a form of commentary on the situation experienced by Poles. The most common category of memes was “bans and orders”, involving restrictions that were often criticized and ridiculed as pointless. The main characters within the memes were ordinary citizens, often portrayed in a comedic way as careless in regards to the virus and violating the restrictions. They were also presented as victims of the police and the government. Furthermore, the people responsible for fighting the pandemic were portrayed as incompetent and imposing needlessly severe restrictions and penalties for not abiding by them.

- by Róża Norström
- •
- Content Analysis, Participatory Culture, Protest, Internet memes

Purpose of the study: This study focuses on COVID-19 pandemic and its
consequences on Indian economy due to lockdown. It also focuses on the major sectors
affected by COVID-19.
Methodology: A comprehensive survey is conducted by reading the research
articles, online website articles, and news related to the COVID-19 effect on the Indian
economy. First, the Indian economy’s state was studied before the COVID-19
pandemic, next, studied the effect of the government measures taken for COVID -19 that
is the effect of lockdown on the different sectors that affect the Indian economy. Lastly,
some light is thrown on the business survival strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Main findings: The study shows the current and future probable GDP of the Indian
economy. It also shows the sectors affected due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the
strategies that are used for business survival.
Implications of this study: An understanding of COVID-19 outbreak effect on
numerous sectors that affected Indian economy.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This paper gives an inimitable insight of the
influence of COVID -19 on various sectors that influenced Indian economy.

Coronavirus (CoV) is a large family of viruses that causes illness. It ranges from the common cold to more severe diseases like Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). The novel coronavirus is a new strain of virus that has not been identified in human so far. As we can see this virus has disturbed the whole economic chain it disturbs the circular flow of income because in an economy someone’s income is someone’s expenditure. In this paper we will see how it is affecting our economy and what the possible solutions to come back on track are and how this virus will affect our GDP.

- by IERJ Journal
- •
- Indian economy, GDP. Economy, Covid-19, Corona Virus

The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated lockdown for a long period have created a significant adverse impact on different sectors, including that of the agriculture and other allied sub-sectors in India and several other countries. The present review aimed to depict the impact of this pandemic and the lockdown on the livestock and poultry sectors in the country, which has been one of the fastest-growing sectors in recent years. Inadequacy of country-wide information has been a major bottleneck for having a thorough understanding of the impact of the prolonged lockdown on different sub-sectors of livestock and poultry. In the present case, an in-depth analysis of the subject has been made through the collation of available published materials and information collected through public contacts. The pandemic and the associated lockdown has not only caused enormous distress to the millions of poor and marginal farmers for saving their crops and/or livestock and thereby assuring their livelihoods but also impacted the overall poultry, dairy, and other livestock production systems and associated value chains, nutrition and health care, and labor availability. The paper highlights various dimensions of the impacts, namely, reduction in demand of different commodities, wastage of the produce due to the closure of transport and market chains, distress sale of the produce, and labor shortage and revival strategies taken by the government and associated enterprises. The present impact study although gives a picture about the overall present scenario, a systematic study through the collection of primary data from all over the country is suggested, which will provide a holistic view of the impact on each of the sub-sectors and the associated value chains.

- by Veterinary World
- •
- Microbiology, Epidemiology, Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary Epidemiology

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still circulating in 2021 with new mutations and the state of emergency remains in manifold countries. Countries have applied in 2020 nonpharmaceutical interventions to control the diffusion of the novel coronavirus within cities, such as lockdowns that were pursued to safeguard societies and economies, until effective vaccines and therapies are available and wide spread distributed. This study here analyze effects of lockdowns of different duration is some European countries. The policy response of lockdown has in theory the main goal, as containment measure, to reduce the impact of infectious diseases in society, but empirical results here suggest that in the presence of vast pandemics a longer duration of full lockdown has contradictory and not significant effects on reduction of fatality rates but sure it has negative effects on economic systems compared to a shorter length of lockdown. In fact, lockdowns of longer duration have generated negative effects on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth: contraction of GDP (index 2010=100) from second quarter 2019 to second quarter of 2020 in countries applying a longer period of lockdown (i.e., about two months) is about −21%, whereas it is −13% in countries applying a shorter period of lockdown of about 15 days. In addition, findings here suggest that higher investments in healthcare sector play a vital role to cope with unforeseen pandemics and environmental threats, alleviating negative effects on health of population and mortality in society.

The COVID-19 pandemic, a global health debacle of present century, has posed the greatest challenge before humanity since Second World War. Almost all nations of the world have swung into actions to slow down the transmission of the disease following the guidelines of WHO (World Health Organization), and these has led to a virtual lockdown across the globe. During these challenging times, the 140 million farm households of India have been greatly impacted by the process of nationwide containment measures. The snap of agro-food supply chain, labor shortages in farms, disruption of logistic means and shortage of food storage due to panic-buying in urban areas are some of the challenges that have come up in the aftermath of COVID-19 pandemic. It is noteworthy that in spite of all such negativities, unlike Industrial and service sectors, the agriculture sector of India has proved to be the resilient pillar of economy accounting for 5.9% growth as compared to overall 3.1% in Q4 (January to March) of current financial year. The central and state governments have also taken up prompt steps to help the agriculture sector overcome this unprecedented crisis. The present paper is a narrative review of literature accessed from journals, articles, newspaper and reports of different websites. This investigation is intended to provide a rationale for understanding the vulnerability and resiliency of agricultural sector during COVID-19 crisis. Assessing the Vulnerability and Resiliency of Indian Agriculture: A COVID-19 Perspective

- by IAEME Publication
- •
- Food Supply Chain, COVID-19 PANDEMIC, lockdown, Logistic Means

During this topsy-turvy situation prevailing due to COVID-19, there will be an evident chance of Mental Illness among people. For the descriptive study about the mental health of Tamil People during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, a sample of 203 was collected by using convenience sampling technique. A Mental Health Questionnaire during Lockdown (MHQ-L) was designed by the investigators used to collect data with the help of Google forms. Data analysed using the statistical techniques like mean, standard deviation, t-test, f-test and Duncan's Multiple Range test. This study shows that there prevails 26.11 % of population are having low mental health creating stress, depression and anxiety.

- by Arul Lawrence A S and +1
- •
- Mental Health, Depression, Stress, Tamil