Rohingya genocide (original) (raw)
- El genocidi dels rohingya és una sèrie de persecucions contínues per part del govern de Myanmar (abans Birmània), país de majoria budista, contra el poble musulmà rohingya, sobretot a l'estat d'Arakan, al nord-oest del país. Fins avui, el genocidi ha constat de dues fases: la primera es va produir entre octubre de 2016 i gener de 2017, i la segona es ve produint des d'agost de 2017. La crisi va obligar a més d'un milió de rohingya a fugir a altres països. La majoria va fugir a Bangladesh, mentre que uns altres van escapar a l'Índia, Tailàndia, Malàisia i altres països de l'Àsia meridional i sud-oriental. L'exèrcit birmà ha estat acusat de violacions de drets humans a gran escala, incloent-hi execucions extrajudicials, violacions en grup, incendis premeditats i infanticidis, reclamacions que el govern birmà rebutja com a «exageracions». La repressió militar contra el poble rohingya ha provocat crítiques de les Nacions Unides, del grup de drets humans Amnistia Internacional, del Departament d'Estat dels Estats Units, del govern del país veí de Bangladesh i del govern de Malàisia, on molts refugiats rohingyes han fugit. La cap de govern de facto de Birmània, Aung San Suu Kyi, ha estat particularment criticada per la seva inacció i silenci sobre el tema i per fer poc per prevenir els abusos militars. (ca)
- يشير اضطهاد الروهينجيا في ميانمار 2016-2017 إلى الحملة العسكرية المستمرة من قبل جيش ميانمار وشرطة ميانمار على مسلمي شعب الروهينجا في ولاية راخين في المنطقة الشمالية الغربية للبلاد. كان القمع ردا على الاشتباكات في ولاية راخين الشمالية والهجمات على المراكز الحدودية البورمية في أكتوبر / تشرين الأول 2016 بواسطة متمردي الروهينجا. وقد اتهم الجيش البورمي بانتهاكات واسعة النطاق لحقوق الإنسان، بما في ذلك عمليات القتل خارج نطاق القانون، والاغتصاب الجماعي، وقتل الأطفال، ولكن الحكومة البورمية ترفض «المبالغة». واجهت الحملة العسكرية ضد شعب الروهينجا انتقادات من الأمم المتحدة (التي أشارت إلى «جرائم محتملة ضد الإنسانية»)، وجماعة حقوق الإنسان ومنظمة العفو الدولية، ووزارة الخارجية، وحكومة بنغلاديش، وحكومة ماليزيا (حيث فر العديد من لاجئين الروهينجا إليها). ووجهت انتقادات خاصة إلى رئيسة الحكومة في ميانمار، أون سان سو تشي بسبب تقاعسها عن العمل والسكوت على هذه المسألة وعدم القيام بأي شيء لمنع الانتهاكات العسكرية. أدت الحملة العسكرية إلى نزوح أعداد كبيرة من الروهينجا، مما تسبب في أزمة اللاجئين. وفقا لتقارير الأمم المتحدة، في سبتمبر 2018، فر أكثر من 700000 من الروهينجا أو طردوا من ولاية راخين، نازحين نحو البنغلاديش والبلدان المجاورة كلاجئين. في ديسمبر 2017، تم اعتقال وسجن صحفيين من رويترز قاما بتغطية والتحقيق في مذبحة إن دن. في نوفمبر 2018، صرح وزير الخارجية مينت ثو للصحفيين إن ميانمار مستعدة لقبول 2000 لاجئ من الروهينجا في بنغلاديش. (ar)
- Rohingyen aurkako genozidioa rohingya herriaren kontrako jazarpena izan zen, Myanmarko gobernuak bi alditan burutu zuena: 2016ko urritik 2017ko urtarrilera lehenik, eta 2017ko abuztutik 2019ko azarora ondoren. Nazio Batuen Erakundeak genozidiotzat jo zuen 2018an. (eu)
- El genocidio rohinyá se refiere a la operación de limpieza étnica llevada a cabo por el ejército y la policía de Birmania, de mayoría budista, y por civiles budistas rakéin contra los musulmanes rohinyá en el estado de Rakáin, al noroeste del país. Los hechos incluyeron masacres, violaciones y la quema de las viviendas de los rohinyá. Las acciones que han sido calificadas de genocidio por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas dejan un saldo de alrededor de 725.000 desplazados por la violencia y 25.000 muertos. Estos hechos han convertido a los rohinyá, según el periodista español Alberto Masegosa, en «la minoría étnica y religiosa más perseguida del planeta». «Los ronhinyá fueron víctimas de una jauría militar y popular que perpetró miles de asesinatos, la destrucción de cientos de sus aldeas, la violación de sus mujeres, el exterminio de sus ganados, la quema de sus campos de cultivo. Huyendo del horror, 700.000 miembros de la comunidad se refugiaron en la vecina Bangladés, con cuyos habitantes comparten lengua y etnia (la bengalí) y religión (el islam) pero que, como Birmania, les niega el derecho a la ciudadanía. Ninguno de los dos países considera a los ronhinyá como suyos. A los rohinyá no los quiere nadie». «En la actualidad [mediados de 2018], cerca del noventa por ciento de los 2.250.000 rohinyá contabilizados… permanecen fuera del país. Ninguno de los pueblos que en el siglo XX sufrieron operaciones de limpieza étnica, de manual o no, con indicios, o más que indicios, de genocidio… fue arrancado de raíz de su tierra en esa proporción». El Premio Nobel de la Paz Desmond Tutu calificó el caso de los rohinyá como «un genocidio a cámara lenta». (es)
- Le génocide des Rohingya est une série de persécutions en cours par les forces armées birmanes contre les Rohingya. En 2021, ce génocide comprend deux phases : d'abord une répression militaire entre octobre 2016 et janvier 2017, puis la phase actuelle depuis août 2017. Cette catastrophe a provoqué le départ forcé de plus d'un million de Rohingya vers d'autres pays. La majorité des réfugiés s'est rendue au Bangladesh, ce qui a conduit à l'établissement de Kutupalong, le plus grand camp de réfugiés dans le monde. D'autres ont fui en Inde, en Thaïlande, en Malaisie et dans d'autres régions d'Asie du Sud et du Sud-Est, où la persécution se poursuit. (fr)
- The Rohingya genocide is a series of ongoing persecutions and killings of the Muslim Rohingya people by the Burmese military. The genocide has consisted of two phases to date: the first was a military crackdown that occurred from October 2016 to January 2017, and the second has been occurring since August 2017. The crisis forced over a million Rohingya to flee to other countries. Most fled to Bangladesh, resulting in the creation of the world's largest refugee camp, while others escaped to India, Thailand, Malaysia, and other parts of South and Southeast Asia, where they continue to face persecution. The United States, United Kingdom, and other countries refer to the events as "ethnic cleansing". The persecution of Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar dates back to at least the 1970s. Since then, the Rohingya people have been persecuted on a regular basis by the government and Buddhist nationalists. In late 2016, Myanmar's armed forces and police launched a major crackdown against the people in Rakhine State which is located in the country's northwestern region. The Burmese military was accused of committing ethnic cleansing and genocide by various United Nations agencies, International Criminal Court officials, human rights groups, journalists, and governments. The UN found evidence of wide-scale human rights violations, including extrajudicial killings; summary executions; gang rapes; arson of Rohingya villages, businesses, and schools; and infanticides. The Burmese government dismissed these findings by stating they are "exaggerations". Using statistical extrapolations which were based on surveys which were conducted with a total of 3,321 Rohingya refugee households in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, a study which was conducted in January 2018 estimated that the military and the local Rakhine population killed at least 25,000 Rohingya people and perpetrated gang rapes and other forms of sexual violence against 18,000 Rohingya women and girls. They estimated that 116,000 Rohingya were beaten, and 36,000 were thrown into fires. The military operations displaced a large number of people, triggering a refugee crisis. The largest wave of Rohingya refugees fled Myanmar in 2017, resulting in the largest human exodus in Asia since the Vietnam War. According to UN reports, over 700,000 people fled or were driven out of Rakhine State, and took shelter in neighbouring Bangladesh as refugees as of September 2018. In December 2017, two Reuters journalists who were covering the Inn Din massacre were arrested and imprisoned. Foreign Secretary told reporters Myanmar was prepared to accept 2,000 Rohingya refugees from camps in Bangladesh in November 2018. Subsequently, in November 2017, the governments of Bangladesh and Myanmar signed a deal to facilitate the return of Rohingya refugees to Rakhine State within two months, which drew mixed responses from international onlookers. The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Michelle Bachelet, visited Bangladesh and the Rohingya camps near the border with Myanmar in early August 2022. Reports covered that Bangladesh’s Prime Minister, Sheikh Hasina asked the refugees to return to Myanmar. However, the UN addressed that repatriation needs to be conducted in a voluntary and dignified manner, and when the conditions on the border and also in Myanmar are safe for the process. In late August 2022, the UN special envoy held another discussion with Bangladesh leaders, acknowledging the major pressures as a host country. At the same time, the UN emphasized the importance of engaging the Rohingya in direct discussions and decisions making processes about their future and for minimizing marginalization. The 2016 military crackdown on the Rohingya people was condemned by the UN (which cited possible "crimes against humanity"), the human rights organization Amnesty International, the U.S. Department of State, the government of neighbouring Bangladesh, and the government of Malaysia. The Burmese leader and State Counsellor (de facto head of government) and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Aung San Suu Kyi was criticised for her inaction and silence over the issue and did little to prevent military abuses. Myanmar also drew criticism for the prosecutions of journalists under her leadership. The August 2017 persecution was launched in response to Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army attacks on Myanmar border posts. It has been labeled ethnic cleansing and genocide by various UN agencies, ICC officials, human rights groups, and governments. The UN described the persecution as "a textbook example of ethnic cleansing". In late September 2017, a seven-member panel of the Permanent Peoples' Tribunal found the Burmese military and authority guilty of the crime of genocide against the Rohingya and the Kachin minority groups. Suu Kyi was again criticised for her silence over the issue and for supporting the military actions. In August 2018, the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights declared that Burmese military generals should be tried for genocide. On 23 January 2020, the International Court of Justice ordered Myanmar to prevent genocidal violence against its Rohingya minority and to preserve evidence of past attacks. (en)
- Penindasan terhadap Rohingya di Myanmar 2016–2017 adalah tindakan kekerasan militer yang sedang berlangsung oleh angkatan bersenjata dan Myanmar terhadap Muslim Rohingya di Negara Bagian Rakhine di wilayah barat laut negara itu. Tindakan keras militer terhadap orang Rohingya mengundang kecaman dari Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, kelompok hak asasi manusia Amnesty International, Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat, dan pemerintah Malaysia. Kepala pemerintahan de facto Aung San Suu Kyi secara khusus telah dikritik karena tidak bertindak dan diam atas masalah ini dan melakukan sedikit tindakan untuk mencegah pelanggaran militer. (in)
- 미얀마의 로힝야족 박해(Rohingya persecution in Myanmar)는 2016년 10월 6일부터 진행 중인 미얀마 내 이슬람교 계열의 소수 민족인 로힝야족에 대한 미얀마군의 탄압이다. 유엔 인권최고대표사무소(OHCHR)는 2017년 2월 보고서에서 미얀마군이 로힝야족을 상대로 다중(多衆) 살인과 집단 성폭행을 저질렀다면서 인도에 반한 죄(crimes against humanity)에 매우 근접한 수준이라고 지적하였다. 2017년 9월 6일 유엔 난민 기구(UNHCR)는 미얀마 정부군의 인권 탄압과 학살 행위에 국경을 넘어 방글라데시로 도피한 로힝야족 난민이 15만명에 육박했다고 밝혔다. 구체적이고 조직적인 로힝야족 탄압의 시작은 1962년 쿠테타로 집권한 네윈의 소수민족 정책으로 거슬러 올라간다. 반인디아, 반무슬림 선전을 통해 로힝야에 대한 본격적인 탄압이 시작되었고 이를 통해 1977-1978년 20만명의 로힝야족 난민이 발생했으며 주로 방글라데시로 피신했다. 이후 1982년 버마 시민법 제정을 통해 로힝야의 시민권을 박탕했으며, 1991-1992년 군사작전을 통해 20~25만명이 다시 방글라데시로 피난했다. 1993년부터 1997년까지 UN의 중재를 통해 23만명의 난민이 귀환했으나 버마내에서 로힝야의 지위에는 변화가 없었다. 이후 2011년 민주화를 통해 아웅산수치 정권이 당선되고 변화의 바람이 부는듯 했으나 2012년 라카인 불교도와 로힝야 이슬람교도와의 충돌로 야기된 탄압으로 13만명의 로힝야 난민이 다시 발생했으며 아웅산수치 정권에서의 반로힝야 선전과 극우 불교 단체인 바마따 (Ma Ba Tha) 가짜뉴스들은 페이스북 같은 온라인 커뮤니티를 통해 퍼저나갔다. 2016년 ARSA (Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army)의 국경수비대 공격을 빌미로 미얀마 군대의 대대적 인종청소 작전이 벌어지고 이 과정에서 65만명의 난민이 발생했으며 수천명의 사망자가 보고됐다. (ko)
- Genocídio ruainga refere-se à operação de limpeza étnica e a repressão militar em andamento realizada pelas forças armadas e pela polícia de Mianmar, de maioria budista, e por civis budistas arracaneses contra os muçulmanos ruaingas (rohingyas) no Estado de Raquine, na região noroeste do país. Os eventos incluíram massacres, estupros e incêndio criminoso das residências dos ruaingas. As ações, que foram classificadas como genocídio pela Organização das Nações Unidas, deixaram um saldo de cerca de 725.000 deslocados pela violência e 25.000 mortes até agosto de 2018. A repressão militar contra o povo ruainga atraiu críticas de vários lugares, incluindo as Nações Unidas, o grupo de direitos humanos Amnistia Internacional, o Departamento de Estado dos EUA e o governo da Malásia. A chefe de governo, de facto, Aung San Suu Kyi foi particularmente criticada por sua inatividade e silêncio sobre a questão e por fazer pouco para evitar abusos militares.Os ruaingas são povos muçulmanos pelos quais foram descritos pelos Estados Unidos com um dos mais perseguidos do mundo. São cerca de 5% dos 60 milhões de habitantes que vivem em Myanmar.Os ruaingas possuem direitos limitados onde vivem, no Mianmar. Eles só podem viajar ou se casar com a permissão das autoridades e, além disso, eles não possuem o direito de possuir alguma terra ou propriedade. (pt)
- 羅興亞人種族滅絕,指的是緬甸国防军对該國西部若開邦羅興亞人的迫害。安全部隊在行動中有大規模的戰爭罪行,包括就地正法與等。聯合國、國際特赦組織等人權團體、美國國務院和馬來西亞政府對該行動做了批評,部份人聲稱緬甸軍隊侵犯了人權,並因此批評掌握緬甸政府實權的國務資政昂山素季,認為她對這個問題不採取行動、沉默、未加阻止。中國、印度、俄羅斯、日本等國家支持緬甸政府打擊羅興亞人武裝組織。 (zh)
- Геноцид рохинджа относится к продолжающемуся военному преследованию мусульман народа рохинджа вооружёнными силами и полицией Мьянмы в штате Ракхайн, северо-западном регионе страны. Преследование стало ответной реакцией на нападения на пограничные посты в октябре 2016 года неопознанными боевиками. Власти Мьянмы обвиняются в широкомасштабных нарушениях прав человека, включая внесудебные казни, групповые изнасилования, поджоги и детоубийства. Военное подавление рохинджа вызвало критику со стороны США (упомянувших возможные «преступления против человечества»), правозащитной группы «Международная амнистия», Государственного департамента США, правительства соседней с Мьянмой Бангладеш и правительства Малайзии (куда бежали многие рохинджа). Де-факто глава правительства Мьянмы, Аун Сан Су Чжи, особенно подвергается критике за своё молчание касательно этого вопроса, а также за бездействие в контексте предотвращения военных злоупотреблений. (ru)
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- * Attacks on Burmese border police posts by the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army * Historic mistreatment of the Rohingya by the government * Existing tensions between Buddhist and Muslim communities (en)
- Anti-Rohingya sentiment, Islamophobia, ultranationalism, ethnic cleansing, religious persecution (en)
- Military crackdown on Rohingya by Myanmar's armed forces and police (en)
- * Ethnic and religious persecution * Genocide (en)
- dbc:Persecution_of_Muslims
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- Rohingyen aurkako genozidioa rohingya herriaren kontrako jazarpena izan zen, Myanmarko gobernuak bi alditan burutu zuena: 2016ko urritik 2017ko urtarrilera lehenik, eta 2017ko abuztutik 2019ko azarora ondoren. Nazio Batuen Erakundeak genozidiotzat jo zuen 2018an. (eu)
- Le génocide des Rohingya est une série de persécutions en cours par les forces armées birmanes contre les Rohingya. En 2021, ce génocide comprend deux phases : d'abord une répression militaire entre octobre 2016 et janvier 2017, puis la phase actuelle depuis août 2017. Cette catastrophe a provoqué le départ forcé de plus d'un million de Rohingya vers d'autres pays. La majorité des réfugiés s'est rendue au Bangladesh, ce qui a conduit à l'établissement de Kutupalong, le plus grand camp de réfugiés dans le monde. D'autres ont fui en Inde, en Thaïlande, en Malaisie et dans d'autres régions d'Asie du Sud et du Sud-Est, où la persécution se poursuit. (fr)
- 羅興亞人種族滅絕,指的是緬甸国防军对該國西部若開邦羅興亞人的迫害。安全部隊在行動中有大規模的戰爭罪行,包括就地正法與等。聯合國、國際特赦組織等人權團體、美國國務院和馬來西亞政府對該行動做了批評,部份人聲稱緬甸軍隊侵犯了人權,並因此批評掌握緬甸政府實權的國務資政昂山素季,認為她對這個問題不採取行動、沉默、未加阻止。中國、印度、俄羅斯、日本等國家支持緬甸政府打擊羅興亞人武裝組織。 (zh)
- يشير اضطهاد الروهينجيا في ميانمار 2016-2017 إلى الحملة العسكرية المستمرة من قبل جيش ميانمار وشرطة ميانمار على مسلمي شعب الروهينجا في ولاية راخين في المنطقة الشمالية الغربية للبلاد. كان القمع ردا على الاشتباكات في ولاية راخين الشمالية والهجمات على المراكز الحدودية البورمية في أكتوبر / تشرين الأول 2016 بواسطة متمردي الروهينجا. وقد اتهم الجيش البورمي بانتهاكات واسعة النطاق لحقوق الإنسان، بما في ذلك عمليات القتل خارج نطاق القانون، والاغتصاب الجماعي، وقتل الأطفال، ولكن الحكومة البورمية ترفض «المبالغة». (ar)
- El genocidi dels rohingya és una sèrie de persecucions contínues per part del govern de Myanmar (abans Birmània), país de majoria budista, contra el poble musulmà rohingya, sobretot a l'estat d'Arakan, al nord-oest del país. Fins avui, el genocidi ha constat de dues fases: la primera es va produir entre octubre de 2016 i gener de 2017, i la segona es ve produint des d'agost de 2017. La crisi va obligar a més d'un milió de rohingya a fugir a altres països. La majoria va fugir a Bangladesh, mentre que uns altres van escapar a l'Índia, Tailàndia, Malàisia i altres països de l'Àsia meridional i sud-oriental. (ca)
- El genocidio rohinyá se refiere a la operación de limpieza étnica llevada a cabo por el ejército y la policía de Birmania, de mayoría budista, y por civiles budistas rakéin contra los musulmanes rohinyá en el estado de Rakáin, al noroeste del país. Los hechos incluyeron masacres, violaciones y la quema de las viviendas de los rohinyá. Las acciones que han sido calificadas de genocidio por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas dejan un saldo de alrededor de 725.000 desplazados por la violencia y 25.000 muertos. (es)
- The Rohingya genocide is a series of ongoing persecutions and killings of the Muslim Rohingya people by the Burmese military. The genocide has consisted of two phases to date: the first was a military crackdown that occurred from October 2016 to January 2017, and the second has been occurring since August 2017. The crisis forced over a million Rohingya to flee to other countries. Most fled to Bangladesh, resulting in the creation of the world's largest refugee camp, while others escaped to India, Thailand, Malaysia, and other parts of South and Southeast Asia, where they continue to face persecution. The United States, United Kingdom, and other countries refer to the events as "ethnic cleansing". (en)
- Penindasan terhadap Rohingya di Myanmar 2016–2017 adalah tindakan kekerasan militer yang sedang berlangsung oleh angkatan bersenjata dan Myanmar terhadap Muslim Rohingya di Negara Bagian Rakhine di wilayah barat laut negara itu. (in)
- 미얀마의 로힝야족 박해(Rohingya persecution in Myanmar)는 2016년 10월 6일부터 진행 중인 미얀마 내 이슬람교 계열의 소수 민족인 로힝야족에 대한 미얀마군의 탄압이다. 유엔 인권최고대표사무소(OHCHR)는 2017년 2월 보고서에서 미얀마군이 로힝야족을 상대로 다중(多衆) 살인과 집단 성폭행을 저질렀다면서 인도에 반한 죄(crimes against humanity)에 매우 근접한 수준이라고 지적하였다. 2017년 9월 6일 유엔 난민 기구(UNHCR)는 미얀마 정부군의 인권 탄압과 학살 행위에 국경을 넘어 방글라데시로 도피한 로힝야족 난민이 15만명에 육박했다고 밝혔다. 이후 2011년 민주화를 통해 아웅산수치 정권이 당선되고 변화의 바람이 부는듯 했으나 2012년 라카인 불교도와 로힝야 이슬람교도와의 충돌로 야기된 탄압으로 13만명의 로힝야 난민이 다시 발생했으며 아웅산수치 정권에서의 반로힝야 선전과 극우 불교 단체인 바마따 (Ma Ba Tha) 가짜뉴스들은 페이스북 같은 온라인 커뮤니티를 통해 퍼저나갔다. (ko)
- Геноцид рохинджа относится к продолжающемуся военному преследованию мусульман народа рохинджа вооружёнными силами и полицией Мьянмы в штате Ракхайн, северо-западном регионе страны. Преследование стало ответной реакцией на нападения на пограничные посты в октябре 2016 года неопознанными боевиками. Власти Мьянмы обвиняются в широкомасштабных нарушениях прав человека, включая внесудебные казни, групповые изнасилования, поджоги и детоубийства. (ru)
- Genocídio ruainga refere-se à operação de limpeza étnica e a repressão militar em andamento realizada pelas forças armadas e pela polícia de Mianmar, de maioria budista, e por civis budistas arracaneses contra os muçulmanos ruaingas (rohingyas) no Estado de Raquine, na região noroeste do país. Os eventos incluíram massacres, estupros e incêndio criminoso das residências dos ruaingas. As ações, que foram classificadas como genocídio pela Organização das Nações Unidas, deixaram um saldo de cerca de 725.000 deslocados pela violência e 25.000 mortes até agosto de 2018. (pt)
- اضطهاد الروهينجيا (ar)
- Genocidi rohingya (ca)
- Rohingyen aurkako genozidioa (eu)
- Genocidio rohinyá (es)
- Genosida Rohingya (in)
- Génocide des Rohingya (fr)
- 미얀마의 로힝야족 박해 (ko)
- Rohingya genocide (en)
- Genocídio ruainga (pt)
- Геноцид рохинджа (ru)
- 羅興亞人種族滅絕 (zh)
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