Politics of Bangladesh (original) (raw)
- تُمارس سياسة بنغلاديش في إطار جمهورية ديمقراطية تمثيلية برلمانية، يكون فيها رئيس وزراء بنغلاديش هو رأس الحكومة، ونظامها متعدد الأحزاب. تمارس الحكومة السلطة التنفيذية. والسلطة التشريعية منوطة بكل من الحكومة والبرلمان. كُتب دستور بنغلاديش في عام 1972 وخضع لستة عشر تعديل. طُرحت حكومة تصريف الأعمال لأول مرة في عام 1990، بعد استقالة الفريق الديكتاتور العسكري حسين محمد إرشاد، لتكون الانتخابات ديمقراطية محايدة، وذلك بناءً على مطالبات الحزبين السياسيين الرئيسيين وهما حزب بنغلاديش الوطني (بي إن بّي) ورابطة عوامي في بنغلاديش. بعد الاستقالة الإجبارية لحسين محمد إرشاد، رُشح رئيس القضاة شهاب الدين أحمد ليكون كبير المستشارين، وراقب الانتخابات العامة لعام 1991. يترأس حكومة تصريف الأعمال كبير المستشارين، ويمتلك السلطة نفسها التي يمتلكها رئيس الوزراء العادي للبلاد ما عدا الشؤون الدفاعية. يعمل المستشارون بمثابة وزراء. بعد عام 1991، أقامت حكومة تصريف الأعمال الانتخابات في أعوام 1996، 2001 و2008. على الرغم من أن حكومة تصريف الأعمال الأولى كانت تهدف إلى المساعدة على الانتقال من الاستبداد إلى الديمقراطية، فقد أُضفي الطابع المؤسساتي على هذا النظام في عام 1996 من قبل البرلمان السادس، بسبب ارتفاع عدم الثقة بين حزب بنغلاديش الوطني ورابطة عوامي. في عام 2011 ألغى الحزب الحاكم من رابطة عوامي نظام حكومة تصريف الأعمال. كان ذلك السبب الأكبر من ضمن عدة أسباب للخلاف بين حزبي بي إن بّي ورابطة عوامي منذ ذلك الحين. صنفت وحدة استخبارات ذي إيكونوميست بنغلاديش في عام 2019 على أنها «نظام هجين». موظفو المناصب الحكومية الرئيسيون (ar)
- La politique au Bangladesh repose sur un modèle étatique de république démocratique à régime parlementaire. L'actuelle constitution du Bangladesh est promulguée en 1972. Le chef de l'État, le président de la République, est élu pour 5 ans au suffrage indirect. Il est élu par le Parlement. Le président bangladais n'a qu'un rôle de représentation. Le Premier ministre exerce l'essentiel du pouvoir exécutif. Il est nommé par le Président et doit être membre du parti majoritaire au Parlement. Le gouvernement est composé de ministres sélectionnés par le premier ministre. Sheikh Hasina est actuellement le premier ministre du Bangladesh. Deux partis politiques dominent la vie politique du Bangladesh, la Ligue Awami (AL) et le Parti nationaliste du Bangladesh (BNP). Les deux autres partis politiques minoritaires sont le et le Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami. Le pouvoir législatif est exercé par un parlement monocaméral dont la chambre s'appelle la chambre des Nations ou Jatiya Sangsad. Les 350 membres du parlement sont élus au suffrage universel direct pour cinq ans. 300 membres sont élus au scrutin uninominal et 50 qui sont réservés aux femmes sont répartis à la proportionnelle. La plus haute instance judiciaire est la Cour suprême, dont les membres sont nommés par le président. En 2020, un tiers des députés est propriétaire d’usines de textile, dans lesquelles les conditions de travail sont généralement particulièrement dégradées. En conséquence, « l’imbrication entre le pouvoir politique et économique est totale. Les députés sont juges et parties, et contribuent à faire en sorte que les lois sur la protection sociale n’évoluent pas pour ne pas perdre des parts de marché », affirme Nayla Ajaltouni, coordinatrice du collectif Éthique sur l’étiquette. (fr)
- Politics of Bangladesh takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Bangladesh is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The Constitution of Bangladesh was written in 1972 and has undergone seventeen amendments. The current parliamentary system was adopted in 1991. Between 1975 and 1990 the nation experienced military rule. A caretaker government was first introduced in 1990 after the resignation of military dictator Lieutenant General HM Ershad to observe a neutral democratic election, as per demands of the two major political parties Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and Bangladesh Awami League. Following the forced resignation of HM Ershad, Chief Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed was nominated as the Chief Advisor and observed the 1991 general election. A Caretaker government is headed by a Chief Adviser who enjoys the same power as the regular prime minister of the country except defense matters. The Advisors function as Ministers. After 1991, the Caretaker government has also held the elections of 1996, 2001 and 2008. Although the first caretaker government was intended to help the transition from authoritarianism to democracy, this system was institutionalized in 1996 by the Sixth Parliament due to rising mistrust between the BNP and Awami League. In 2011 the then ruling party Awami League abolished the caretaker government system. This has been the biggest cause of dispute among many others between the BNP and the Awami League since then. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Bangladesh a "hybrid regime" in 2019. (en)
- Bangladesh adalah negara demokrasi parlementer. Perdana Menteri menjabat sebagai kepala pemerintahan. (in)
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- Popularly known as the "Battling Begums"; The two women have ruled Bangladesh as prime ministers at various times since 1991. (en)
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- Bangladesh adalah negara demokrasi parlementer. Perdana Menteri menjabat sebagai kepala pemerintahan. (in)
- تُمارس سياسة بنغلاديش في إطار جمهورية ديمقراطية تمثيلية برلمانية، يكون فيها رئيس وزراء بنغلاديش هو رأس الحكومة، ونظامها متعدد الأحزاب. تمارس الحكومة السلطة التنفيذية. والسلطة التشريعية منوطة بكل من الحكومة والبرلمان. كُتب دستور بنغلاديش في عام 1972 وخضع لستة عشر تعديل. صنفت وحدة استخبارات ذي إيكونوميست بنغلاديش في عام 2019 على أنها «نظام هجين». موظفو المناصب الحكومية الرئيسيون (ar)
- La politique au Bangladesh repose sur un modèle étatique de république démocratique à régime parlementaire. L'actuelle constitution du Bangladesh est promulguée en 1972. Le chef de l'État, le président de la République, est élu pour 5 ans au suffrage indirect. Il est élu par le Parlement. Le président bangladais n'a qu'un rôle de représentation. Le Premier ministre exerce l'essentiel du pouvoir exécutif. Il est nommé par le Président et doit être membre du parti majoritaire au Parlement. Le gouvernement est composé de ministres sélectionnés par le premier ministre. (fr)
- Politics of Bangladesh takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Bangladesh is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The Constitution of Bangladesh was written in 1972 and has undergone seventeen amendments. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Bangladesh a "hybrid regime" in 2019. (en)
- Politics of Bangladesh (en)
- سياسة بنغلاديش (ar)
- Politik Bangladesh (in)
- Politique au Bangladesh (fr)
- Política de Bangladesh (pt)
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