Otitis media (original) (raw)
التهاب الأذن الوسطى (بالإنجليزية: otitis media) هي التهاب الغشاء المخاطي الذي يبطن الأذن الوسطى وهذا الالتهاب يحدث عادة بالتزامن مع التهاب المجاري التنفسية العليا.
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| dbo:abstract | التهاب الأذن الوسطى (بالإنجليزية: otitis media) هي التهاب الغشاء المخاطي الذي يبطن الأذن الوسطى وهذا الالتهاب يحدث عادة بالتزامن مع التهاب المجاري التنفسية العليا. (ar) L'otitis mitjana és una inflamació de l'orella mitjana. S'acumula material d'aspecte serós o purulent en la caixa timpànica, i sovint comporta una perforació del timpà per on surt. (ca) Zánět středního ucha (Otitis media), občas také zánět středouší, je časté, bolestivé onemocnění projevující se převážně u dětí. Rozlišujeme zánět akutní, trvající max. jen několik dní, a zánět chronický, který může trvat i podstatně déle. V první době bývá toto onemocnění způsobeno virovou infekcí, ve druhé pak bakteriemi (konkrétně druhy Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae a ), které se do středního ucha dostávají z nosu a nosohltanu Eustachovou trubicí. Ta důsledkem toho natéká a vzniklá zánětlivá tekutina tudy tedy nemůže z prostoru středního ucha odtékat a tak se zde hromadí a tlačí na bubínek, což způsobuje silnou bodavou bolest. Onemocnění často doprovází také pocit tlaku v nemocném uchu, průjem, zvracení, zhoršená slyšitelnost, zvýšená teplota a pocit schvácenosti. Mezi účinnou prevenci patří řádně smrkat a udržovat tak nos průchodný. V případě, že nás zánět středního ucha již zastihne, je vhodné vzít si léky proti bolesti a na bolavé místo přiložit studený obklad. V případě, že se objevuje i horečka, si vezměte léky na její ztlumení. Pokud však tyto metody nezabírají, navštivte ušního lékaře. Ten pak v počátečním stádiu onemocnění může doporučit antibiotikum, v opačném případě se provádí paracentéza, jejíž podstatou je protnutí bubínku a odsátí zánětlivé tekutiny. Jedná se o zákrok, po němž obvykle nastává výrazná úleva. (cs) Als Mittelohrentzündung (Otitis media) werden Krankheitsbilder bezeichnet, die durch eine Entzündung des Mittelohrs gekennzeichnet sind. Nach dem Krankheitsverlauf unterscheidet man: * Akute Mittelohrentzündung * Chronische Mittelohrentzündung * Chronische Schleimhauteiterung (Otitis media chronica mesotympanalis) * Cholesteatom (Chronische Knocheneiterung, Otitis media chronica epitympanalis). Auch der Paukenerguss (Seromucotympanon) infolge eines akuten oder chronischen Tubenkatarrhs wird zu den Mittelohrentzündungen gerechnet. (de) Erdiko otitisa erdiko belarriari erasaten dion otitisa da. Oro har, Eustakioren tronparen disfuntzioaren ondorioa da, nasofaringearen bakterioek edo birusek kutsatuta, eta infekzio akutua edo, batzuetan, kronikoa eragingo duena. Erdiko otitisarekin batera, zenbait gaixotasun konkomitante izaten dira, hala nola sinusitisa. (eu) La otitis media es la inflamación del oído medio, por lo general, como consecuencia de la disfunción de la trompa de Eustaquio y que, contaminado por bacterias o virus de la nasofaringe, producirá una infección aguda o, a veces, crónica. La otitis media tiende a verse acompañada de diversas enfermedades concomitantes respiratorias como la rinosinusitis. La reacción inflamatoria en cuadros no infectados permite que se genere un transudado estéril dentro de las cavidades del oído medio y de la apófisis mastoides. (es) Otitis media is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. One of the two main types is acute otitis media (AOM), an infection of rapid onset that usually presents with ear pain. In young children this may result in pulling at the ear, increased crying, and poor sleep. Decreased eating and a fever may also be present. The other main type is otitis media with effusion (OME), typically not associated with symptoms, although occasionally a feeling of fullness is described; it is defined as the presence of non-infectious fluid in the middle ear which may persist for weeks or months often after an episode of acute otitis media. Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is middle ear inflammation that results in a perforated tympanic membrane with discharge from the ear for more than six weeks. It may be a complication of acute otitis media. Pain is rarely present. All three types of otitis media may be associated with hearing loss. If children with hearing loss due to OME do not learn sign language, it may affect their ability to learn. The cause of AOM is related to childhood anatomy and immune function. Either bacteria or viruses may be involved. Risk factors include exposure to smoke, use of pacifiers, and attending daycare. It occurs more commonly among indigenous peoples and those who have cleft lip and palate or Down syndrome. OME frequently occurs following AOM and may be related to viral upper respiratory infections, irritants such as smoke, or allergies. Looking at the eardrum is important for making the correct diagnosis. Signs of AOM include bulging or a lack of movement of the tympanic membrane from a puff of air. New discharge not related to otitis externa also indicates the diagnosis. A number of measures decrease the risk of otitis media including pneumococcal and influenza vaccination, breastfeeding, and avoiding tobacco smoke. The use of pain medications for AOM is important. This may include paracetamol (acetaminophen), ibuprofen, benzocaine ear drops, or opioids. In AOM, antibiotics may speed recovery but may result in side effects. Antibiotics are often recommended in those with severe disease or under two years old. In those with less severe disease they may only be recommended in those who do not improve after two or three days. The initial antibiotic of choice is typically amoxicillin. In those with frequent infections tympanostomy tubes may decrease recurrence. In children with otitis media with effusion antibiotics may increase resolution of symptoms, but may cause diarrhoea, vomiting and skin rash. Worldwide AOM affects about 11% of people a year (about 325 to 710 million cases). Half the cases involve children less than five years of age and it is more common among males. Of those affected about 4.8% or 31 million develop chronic suppurative otitis media. The total number of people with CSOM is estimated at 65–330 million people. Before the age of ten OME affects about 80% of children at some point. Otitis media resulted in 3,200 deaths in 2015 – down from 4,900 deaths in 1990. (en) Radang telinga tengah (bahasa Latin: otitis media) adalah peradangan telinga bagian tengah yang biasanya disebabkan oleh penjalaran infeksi dari tenggorok (faringitis) dan sering terjadi pada anak-anak. Pada semua jenis otitis media juga dikeluhkan adanya gangguan dengar (tuli) konduktif. Dari perjalanan klinisnya, radang telinga tengah dibedakan atas akut (mendadak) dan kronis (berproses dalam jangka panjang/lama). Tindakan yang mengurangi terjadinya otitis media adalah pemberian vaksin pneumococcus dan vaksin influenza, pemberian ASI ekslusif selama 12 bulan pertama setelah kelahiran, dan menghindari merokok. Pemberian antibiotik secara efusi pada umumnya tidak mempercepat pemulihan otitis media. Penggunaan obat pereda sakit (analgesic) sangat penting untuk penanganan otitis media akut (OMA). Obat tersebut adalah paracetamol (acetaminophen), ibuprofen, obat tetes telinga , atau golongan opiat (jika sakit sekali). antibiotik untuk OMA dapat mempercepat penyembuhan, tetapi dapat terjadi adanya efek samping (side effects). Antibiotik sering kali direkomendasikan pada penderita yang parah dan anak-anak di bawah usia 2 tahun. Pada penderita yang lebih ringan, maka pemberian antibiotik dilakukan setelah 2 atau 3 hari tanpa adanya perbaikan kondisi penderita. Antibiotik awal yang dipilih adalah amoxicillin. Pada penderita yang sering terinfeksi, maka penggunaan dapat mengurangi frekuensi kekambuhan. (in) 중이염(中耳炎, 문화어: 가운데귀염, 영어: Otitis media)은 중이에 염증이 생겨 일어나는 병을 말한다. 중이염의 두 가지 주요 유형으로 급성 중이염과 삼출성 중이염이 있다. 중이염은 3세가 될 때까지 3명 중 2명은 누구나 한 번씩 경험하는 흔한 질환이기도 하지만, 3명 중 1명 꼴로 3회 이상의 반복적 중이염을 앓게 되어 흔하게 만성화되는 질환이다. 급성 중이염이 만성화되는 과정의 삼출성 중이염은 급성 중이염의 연속선 상에 있음에도 항생제 치료에 대하여 최소의 반응만을 보이고, 4개월 이상 지속 시 튜브(환기관) 수술이 필요한 질환이 된다. 10세 이후에는 거의 발병하지 않지만, 한국 성인의 2% 정도는 고막이 없는 만성 중이염 상태로 살게 된다. (ko) 中耳炎（ちゅうじえん）とは、中耳に炎症が起こる病気であり、多くは急性の中耳炎のことを指す。基本的には、細菌感染症であることが多いが、ウイルス感染、膠原病の場合もある。 (ja) L'otite media è un'infiammazione dell'orecchio medio, o una infezione dell'orecchio medio. Si verifica nella zona tra la membrana timpanica e l'orecchio interno. (it) Zapalenie ucha środkowego – częsta choroba wieku dziecięcego. W pierwszym okresie zazwyczaj jest infekcją wirusową. Jeżeli się przedłuża, najczęściej wywoływane jest przez bakterie należące do gatunków Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae i Moraxella catarrhalis. Ogólny podział: * ostre – najczęściej u dzieci, * przewlekłe – niedostateczne przeleczone zapalenie ostre, może przejść w postać przewlekłą, * perlak ucha środkowego. (pl) Een middenoorontsteking of otitis media is een ontsteking in het middenoor. Dit komt veel voor, vooral bij kinderen. Meestal gaat het vanzelf over zonder dat behandeling nodigis. In enkele gevallen is het beloop agressiever en is nadere behandeling op zijn plaats. Gehoorschade is uiterst zeldzaam en treedt eigenlijk alleen op bij langdurig verwaarloosde oorontstekingen met een loopoor. (nl) Otite média é um grupo de doenças inflamatórias do ouvido médio. Os dois principais tipos são a otite média aguda (OMA) e otite média com efusão (OME). A OMA é uma infeção súbita que geralmente se apresenta com dor no ouvido. No caso de crianças pequenas, isto pode levar a que puxem a orelha, ao aumento do choro e a perturbações no sono, podendo também levar à diminuição do apetite e à presença de febre. A OME é geralmente assintomática e define-se pela presença de líquido não infecioso no ouvido médio por um período superior a três meses. A otite média crónica supurativa (OMCS) é a inflamação do ouvido médio por período superior a duas semanas, que provoca episódios de secreção pelo ouvido. Pode surgir como complicação da OMA e está raramente associada a dor. Todos os três tipos podem estar associados a perda de audição. A perda de audição na OME, devido à sua natureza crónica, pode afetar a capacidade de aprendizagem da criança. A causa da OMA está relacionada com a anatomia e sistema imunitário durante a infância. Pode ser causada tanto por bactérias como vírus. Entre os fatores de risco estão a exposição ao fumo, uso de chupetas e a frequência de infantários. Ocorre com maior frequência em pessoas com síndrome de Down. A OME ocorre muitas vezes na sequência de uma OMA e pode estar relacionada com infeções do trato respiratório superior, irritantes como o fumo, ou alergias. O diagnóstico envolve a observação do tímpano. Um dos sinais da OMA é a ausência de movimento do tímpano quando é soprado ar. Existem várias medidas que diminuem o risco de otites médias, entre as quais vacinação contra pneumococos e gripe, amamentação exclusiva durante os primeiros seis meses de vida e evitar o contacto com fumo de tabaco. Em pessoas com OME, os antibióticos geralmente não aceleram a recuperação. Na OMA é importante o uso de analgésicos, entre os quais paracetamol, ibuprofeno, gotas de benzocaína ou opiáceos. Na OMA, os antibióticos podem acelerar a recuperação, mas podem provocar efeitos adversos. Os antibióticos são geralmente recomendados para pessoas com casos graves ou com menos de dois anos de idade. Em pessoas com casos menos graves, os antibióticos podem ser recomendados apenas em pessoas cujos sintomas não melhorem em dois ou três dias. O antibiótico de escolha é geralmente amoxicilina e em pessoas com infeções frequentes, recomendm-se os tubos de podem diminuir a recorrência. Em cada ano a OMA afeta cerca de 11% da população mundial, o que corresponde a entre 325 e 710 milhões de casos. Metade dos casos ocorre em crianças com menos de cinco anos de idade e é mais comum entre o sexo masculino. Entre as pessoas afetadas, cerca de 4,8%, ou 31 milhões, desenvolvem otite média crónica supurativa. A doença afeta cerca de 80% das crianças com menos de dez anos em determinado momento da vida. Em 2013, a otite média provocou a morte a 2400 pessoas, uma diminuição em relação às 4900 de 1990. (pt) Med öroninflammation menas ofta en så kallad akut mediaotit (latin: otitis media), en inflammation av mellanörat, utrymmet mellan trumhinnan och innerörat. Denna mediaotit är en av två sorters öroninflammationer som är vanlig orsak till öronvärk. Den andra är extern otit - inflammation i den yttre hörselgången utanför trumhinnan. (sv) Гостри́й сере́дній оти́т — гостре запалення середнього вуха. Середні отити бувають катаральними (серозними) чи гнійними. (uk) Сре́дний оти́т — воспаление среднего уха человека. Среднее ухо представляет собой полость между барабанной перепонкой (внутренней границей наружного уха) и внутренним ухом; в среднее ухо открывается евстахиева труба. Острый средний отит разделяется на банальный, секреторный отит, идиопатический гематотимпанум, острый отит при инфекционных болезнях, травматический отит. Острый отит в некоторых случаях (например, при неадекватном лечении) может переходить в хронический. В зависимости от особенностей клинических и морфологических проявлений, хронический средний отит подразделяется на , и . (ru) 中耳炎（otitis media）是一系列中耳發炎疾病之統稱。其中以（AOM）和（OME）兩型最為常見。急性中耳炎為急性感染所致，耳朵疼痛為其常見的臨床症狀。罹患急性中耳炎的幼童，常有拉扯耳朵、哭聲次數增加及睡眠品質不佳等情況，有時也會有食欲不振或發燒的情形。中耳積水一般沒有症狀，中耳積水的定義是在耳朵中有出現不是因為感染而產生的液體，時間已超過三個月以上。慢性化脓性中耳炎（CSOM）是指中耳發炎已超過二週，因此耳朵開始化脓，也可能是急性中耳炎後的併發症。中耳炎很少會疼痛，不過都會伴隨著聽覺障礙的情形。若是長期中耳炎造成的聽覺障礙，會影響兒童的學習能力。中医称中耳炎为“耳脓”、“耳疳”，认为是因肝胆湿热（火）邪气盛行引起。 造成急性中耳炎的原因與孩童時代的耳部構造及免疫系統有關。 細菌或病毒都有可能是致病因子。危險因子包含：暴露於煙霧中、使用奶嘴、以及待在日間托兒中心。急性中耳炎較常發生在美洲原住民或唐氏症患者身上。中耳積水則常常伴隨在急性中耳炎之後發生，但也可能與上呼吸道病毒感染、煙霧等刺激物、或是過敏原有關。耳膜視診對於做出正確的診斷來說是重要的。急性中耳炎的病徵包括耳膜向外凸出、無法像在正常情況下那樣受空氣的擾動而震動。若耳朵有新分泌物，但是沒有外耳炎，也可能是中耳炎。 注射肺炎鏈球菌疫苗、流感疫苗、六個月以下的嬰兒完全餵母乳以及避免接觸香煙能夠降低罹患中耳炎的風險。在滲出性中耳炎的病患使用抗生素不會加速疾病的復原。在急性中耳炎的病患使用止痛劑是很重要的，這包括了对乙酰氨基酚、布洛芬、苯佐卡因耳藥水或是鴉片類藥物。抗生素能夠加速急性中耳炎的恢復，但有可能會造成副作用。抗生素被建議使用在病情嚴重或小於兩歲的病患對於病情較不嚴重的病患，抗生素只有建議在兩或三天後病情還沒有改善的病患上使用。一般上會先使用安莫西林（amoxicilin）來當做抗生素對於反复中耳炎感染的病患，可能可以降低復發率。 急性中耳炎影響了全球約11%的人口（約7.1億人）。一半的個案是發生在小於五歲的幼童而且大多為男性。在急性中耳炎感染的病例中，約4.8%或是三千一百萬的個案會發展成慢性化膿性中耳炎。中耳炎可能会造成颅内感染等并发症，需要检测C-反应蛋白、血常规的白细胞是否明显增高。1990年中耳炎在全世界造成4900件的死亡案例，在2013年時死亡案例已降至2400件。 (zh) |
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| dbp:medication | Paracetamol , ibuprofen, benzocaine ear drops (en) |
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| dbp:medlineplusMult | acute, with effusion, chronic (en) |
| dbp:meshid | D010033 (en) |
| dbp:name | Otitis media (en) |
| dbp:prevention | Vaccination, breastfeeding (en) |
| dbp:risks | Smoke exposure, daycare (en) |
| dbp:symptoms | Ear pain, fever, hearing loss (en) |
| dbp:synonyms | Otitis media with effusion: serous otitis media, secretory otitis media (en) |
| dbp:types | Acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | التهاب الأذن الوسطى (بالإنجليزية: otitis media) هي التهاب الغشاء المخاطي الذي يبطن الأذن الوسطى وهذا الالتهاب يحدث عادة بالتزامن مع التهاب المجاري التنفسية العليا. (ar) L'otitis mitjana és una inflamació de l'orella mitjana. S'acumula material d'aspecte serós o purulent en la caixa timpànica, i sovint comporta una perforació del timpà per on surt. (ca) Als Mittelohrentzündung (Otitis media) werden Krankheitsbilder bezeichnet, die durch eine Entzündung des Mittelohrs gekennzeichnet sind. Nach dem Krankheitsverlauf unterscheidet man: * Akute Mittelohrentzündung * Chronische Mittelohrentzündung * Chronische Schleimhauteiterung (Otitis media chronica mesotympanalis) * Cholesteatom (Chronische Knocheneiterung, Otitis media chronica epitympanalis). Auch der Paukenerguss (Seromucotympanon) infolge eines akuten oder chronischen Tubenkatarrhs wird zu den Mittelohrentzündungen gerechnet. (de) Erdiko otitisa erdiko belarriari erasaten dion otitisa da. Oro har, Eustakioren tronparen disfuntzioaren ondorioa da, nasofaringearen bakterioek edo birusek kutsatuta, eta infekzio akutua edo, batzuetan, kronikoa eragingo duena. Erdiko otitisarekin batera, zenbait gaixotasun konkomitante izaten dira, hala nola sinusitisa. (eu) La otitis media es la inflamación del oído medio, por lo general, como consecuencia de la disfunción de la trompa de Eustaquio y que, contaminado por bacterias o virus de la nasofaringe, producirá una infección aguda o, a veces, crónica. La otitis media tiende a verse acompañada de diversas enfermedades concomitantes respiratorias como la rinosinusitis. La reacción inflamatoria en cuadros no infectados permite que se genere un transudado estéril dentro de las cavidades del oído medio y de la apófisis mastoides. (es) 중이염(中耳炎, 문화어: 가운데귀염, 영어: Otitis media)은 중이에 염증이 생겨 일어나는 병을 말한다. 중이염의 두 가지 주요 유형으로 급성 중이염과 삼출성 중이염이 있다. 중이염은 3세가 될 때까지 3명 중 2명은 누구나 한 번씩 경험하는 흔한 질환이기도 하지만, 3명 중 1명 꼴로 3회 이상의 반복적 중이염을 앓게 되어 흔하게 만성화되는 질환이다. 급성 중이염이 만성화되는 과정의 삼출성 중이염은 급성 중이염의 연속선 상에 있음에도 항생제 치료에 대하여 최소의 반응만을 보이고, 4개월 이상 지속 시 튜브(환기관) 수술이 필요한 질환이 된다. 10세 이후에는 거의 발병하지 않지만, 한국 성인의 2% 정도는 고막이 없는 만성 중이염 상태로 살게 된다. (ko) 中耳炎（ちゅうじえん）とは、中耳に炎症が起こる病気であり、多くは急性の中耳炎のことを指す。基本的には、細菌感染症であることが多いが、ウイルス感染、膠原病の場合もある。 (ja) L'otite media è un'infiammazione dell'orecchio medio, o una infezione dell'orecchio medio. Si verifica nella zona tra la membrana timpanica e l'orecchio interno. (it) Zapalenie ucha środkowego – częsta choroba wieku dziecięcego. W pierwszym okresie zazwyczaj jest infekcją wirusową. Jeżeli się przedłuża, najczęściej wywoływane jest przez bakterie należące do gatunków Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae i Moraxella catarrhalis. Ogólny podział: * ostre – najczęściej u dzieci, * przewlekłe – niedostateczne przeleczone zapalenie ostre, może przejść w postać przewlekłą, * perlak ucha środkowego. (pl) Een middenoorontsteking of otitis media is een ontsteking in het middenoor. Dit komt veel voor, vooral bij kinderen. Meestal gaat het vanzelf over zonder dat behandeling nodigis. In enkele gevallen is het beloop agressiever en is nadere behandeling op zijn plaats. Gehoorschade is uiterst zeldzaam en treedt eigenlijk alleen op bij langdurig verwaarloosde oorontstekingen met een loopoor. (nl) Med öroninflammation menas ofta en så kallad akut mediaotit (latin: otitis media), en inflammation av mellanörat, utrymmet mellan trumhinnan och innerörat. Denna mediaotit är en av två sorters öroninflammationer som är vanlig orsak till öronvärk. Den andra är extern otit - inflammation i den yttre hörselgången utanför trumhinnan. (sv) Гостри́й сере́дній оти́т — гостре запалення середнього вуха. Середні отити бувають катаральними (серозними) чи гнійними. (uk) Сре́дний оти́т — воспаление среднего уха человека. Среднее ухо представляет собой полость между барабанной перепонкой (внутренней границей наружного уха) и внутренним ухом; в среднее ухо открывается евстахиева труба. Острый средний отит разделяется на банальный, секреторный отит, идиопатический гематотимпанум, острый отит при инфекционных болезнях, травматический отит. Острый отит в некоторых случаях (например, при неадекватном лечении) может переходить в хронический. В зависимости от особенностей клинических и морфологических проявлений, хронический средний отит подразделяется на , и . (ru) Zánět středního ucha (Otitis media), občas také zánět středouší, je časté, bolestivé onemocnění projevující se převážně u dětí. Rozlišujeme zánět akutní, trvající max. jen několik dní, a zánět chronický, který může trvat i podstatně déle. (cs) Otitis media is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. One of the two main types is acute otitis media (AOM), an infection of rapid onset that usually presents with ear pain. In young children this may result in pulling at the ear, increased crying, and poor sleep. Decreased eating and a fever may also be present. The other main type is otitis media with effusion (OME), typically not associated with symptoms, although occasionally a feeling of fullness is described; it is defined as the presence of non-infectious fluid in the middle ear which may persist for weeks or months often after an episode of acute otitis media. Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is middle ear inflammation that results in a perforated tympanic membrane with discharge from the ear for more than six (en) Radang telinga tengah (bahasa Latin: otitis media) adalah peradangan telinga bagian tengah yang biasanya disebabkan oleh penjalaran infeksi dari tenggorok (faringitis) dan sering terjadi pada anak-anak. Pada semua jenis otitis media juga dikeluhkan adanya gangguan dengar (tuli) konduktif. Dari perjalanan klinisnya, radang telinga tengah dibedakan atas akut (mendadak) dan kronis (berproses dalam jangka panjang/lama). (in) Otite média é um grupo de doenças inflamatórias do ouvido médio. Os dois principais tipos são a otite média aguda (OMA) e otite média com efusão (OME). A OMA é uma infeção súbita que geralmente se apresenta com dor no ouvido. No caso de crianças pequenas, isto pode levar a que puxem a orelha, ao aumento do choro e a perturbações no sono, podendo também levar à diminuição do apetite e à presença de febre. A OME é geralmente assintomática e define-se pela presença de líquido não infecioso no ouvido médio por um período superior a três meses. A otite média crónica supurativa (OMCS) é a inflamação do ouvido médio por período superior a duas semanas, que provoca episódios de secreção pelo ouvido. Pode surgir como complicação da OMA e está raramente associada a dor. Todos os três tipos podem est (pt) 中耳炎（otitis media）是一系列中耳發炎疾病之統稱。其中以（AOM）和（OME）兩型最為常見。急性中耳炎為急性感染所致，耳朵疼痛為其常見的臨床症狀。罹患急性中耳炎的幼童，常有拉扯耳朵、哭聲次數增加及睡眠品質不佳等情況，有時也會有食欲不振或發燒的情形。中耳積水一般沒有症狀，中耳積水的定義是在耳朵中有出現不是因為感染而產生的液體，時間已超過三個月以上。慢性化脓性中耳炎（CSOM）是指中耳發炎已超過二週，因此耳朵開始化脓，也可能是急性中耳炎後的併發症。中耳炎很少會疼痛，不過都會伴隨著聽覺障礙的情形。若是長期中耳炎造成的聽覺障礙，會影響兒童的學習能力。中医称中耳炎为“耳脓”、“耳疳”，认为是因肝胆湿热（火）邪气盛行引起。 造成急性中耳炎的原因與孩童時代的耳部構造及免疫系統有關。 細菌或病毒都有可能是致病因子。危險因子包含：暴露於煙霧中、使用奶嘴、以及待在日間托兒中心。急性中耳炎較常發生在美洲原住民或唐氏症患者身上。中耳積水則常常伴隨在急性中耳炎之後發生，但也可能與上呼吸道病毒感染、煙霧等刺激物、或是過敏原有關。耳膜視診對於做出正確的診斷來說是重要的。急性中耳炎的病徵包括耳膜向外凸出、無法像在正常情況下那樣受空氣的擾動而震動。若耳朵有新分泌物，但是沒有外耳炎，也可能是中耳炎。 (zh) |
| rdfs:label | التهاب الأذن الوسطى (ar) Otitis mitjana (ca) Zánět středního ucha (cs) Mittelohrentzündung (de) Otitis media (en) Otitis media (es) Erdiko otitis (eu) Radang telinga tengah (in) Otite media (it) 中耳炎 (ja) 중이염 (ko) Middenoorontsteking (nl) Otite média (pt) Zapalenie ucha środkowego (pl) Öroninflammation (sv) Средний отит (ru) Гострий середній отит (uk) 中耳炎 (zh) |
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dbr:Indigenous_health_in_Australia dbr:Influenza dbr:Korfiz_Holm dbr:Middle_ear dbr:Ofloxacin dbr:Reece_Mastin dbr:Serious_otitis_media dbr:Christine_Lavant dbr:Christine_Maggiore dbr:CSOM dbr:X-linked_severe_combined_immunodeficiency dbr:Chronic_serous_otitis_media dbr:Upper_respiratory_tract_infection dbr:Vaccine_hesitancy dbr:Necrotizing_pneumonia dbr:Neisseria_animaloris dbr:Neophobia dbr:Neutrophil-specific_granule_deficiency dbr:Facial_nerve_paralysis dbr:I-cell_disease dbr:Implant_(medicine) dbr:List_of_side_effects_of_estradiol dbr:List_of_types_of_inflammation_by_location dbr:Pneumococcal_infection dbr:Ubi_pus,_ibi_evacua dbr:Eustachian_tube_dysfunction dbr:Malocclusion dbr:Malpuech_facial_clefting_syndrome dbr:Nasopharyngeal_angiofibroma dbr:Nasopharyngeal_carcinoma dbr:Perforated_eardrum dbr:Molluscum_contagiosum dbr:Watchful_waiting dbr:Paecilomyces_variotii dbr:Persister_cells dbr:Schuller's_view dbr:Tympanosclerosis dbr:Phasevarion dbr:Tympanostomy_tube dbr:Tricorder_X_Prize dbr:Stephen_A._Boppart dbr:Chronic_ear_infection dbr:Chronic_ear_infections dbr:Chronic_suppurative_otitis_media dbr:Middle_ear_infection dbr:Middle_ear_infections dbr:Serous_glue_ear dbr:Serous_otitis_media dbr:Acute_necrotizing_otitis_media dbr:Acute_suppurative_otitis_media dbr:Mastoid_effusion dbr:Glue_ear dbr:Myringitis dbr:Myringitis_bullosa dbr:Secretory_media_otitis dbr:Secretory_otitis_media dbr:Bullous_myringitis dbr:Media_otitis dbr:Otitis_media,_suppurative dbr:Otorrhea dbr:Tympanitis |
| is dbp:complications of | dbr:Eustachian_tube_dysfunction |
| is dbp:content of | dbr:Glossary_of_communication_disorders |
| is dbp:diseases of | dbr:Family_medicine |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Otitis_media |
