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Alfons XIII. (Alfonso XIII; 17. května 1886, Madrid – 28. února 1941, Řím) byl v letech 1886 až 1931 králem španělským (poté až do své smrti v exilu) a v letech 1936 až 1941 jako Alfons I.

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dbo:abstract Alfons XIII. (Alfonso XIII; 17. května 1886, Madrid – 28. února 1941, Řím) byl v letech 1886 až 1931 králem španělským (poté až do své smrti v exilu) a v letech 1936 až 1941 jako Alfons I. (cs) Alfons XIII d'Espanya (Madrid, 17 de maig de 1886 - Roma, 28 de febrer de 1941) fou rei d'Espanya (1902-1931) i cap de la casa reial espanyola (1931-1941). Fou fill pòstum d'Alfons XII d'Espanya i de l'arxiduquessa Maria Cristina d'Àustria. (ca) ألفونسو الثالث عشر (بالإسبانية: Alfonso XIII)‏ (مدريد 17 مايو 1886 – روما 28 فبراير 1941) سمي بالأفريقي أوالمنفي وهو ملك إسبانيا منذ ولادته حتى إعلان الجمهورية الثانية في 14 أبريل 1931. تولى السلطة الفعلية في 17 مايو 1902 أي عند بلوغه سن السادسة عشرة. تسببت وفاة والده الملك ألفونسو الثاني عشر المفاجأة يوم 25 نوفمبر 1885 عن عمر يناهز 27 عامًا في أزمة أدت إلى قيام حكومة براخسيدس ماتيو ساغستا بوقف عملية نقل التاج حتى تنجب أرملة الملك ماريا كريستينا دي هابسبورغ، لأنها كانت حاملاً في ذلك الوقت. وعندما أنجبت الملكة الوريث في 17 مايو 1886 وكان ألفونسو الثالث عشر حيث نال الاعتراف به ملكا لإسبانيا فورا، واعتبر ذلك حالة فريدة من نوعها في التاريخ. واجهت إسبانيا خلال فترة حكمه أربع مشاكل ذات أهمية قصوى ساعدت في القضاء على الملكية الليبرالية: عدم وجود تمثيل سياسي حقيقي لمجموعات اجتماعية واسعة، والوضع المروع للطبقات الشعبية وخاصة الفلاحون، والمشاكل الناشئة عن حرب الريف. . هذا الاضطراب السياسي والاجتماعي الذي بدأ مع كارثة 98 حيث منعت أحزاب تداول السلطة من إقامة ديمقراطية ليبرالية حقيقية، فنتج عنها قيام دكتاتورية بريمو دي ريفيرا التي قبل بها الملك. ولكن مع الفشل السياسي لتلك الدكتاتورية دفع الملك إلى العودة إلى الحياة الطبيعية الديمقراطية بقصد تجديد النظام. ولكن رفضت ذلك الطبقة السياسية بأكملها، لأنها شعرت بالخيانة بسبب دعم الملك لديكتاتورية بريمو دي ريفيرا. غادر أسبانيا طواعية بعد الانتخابات البلدية في أبريل 1931. والتي كانت بمثابة استفتاء بين الملكية أو الجمهورية. مات في روما، لم يتم نقل رفاته حتى سنة 1980 إلى سرداب رفات الملوك في دير الإسكوريال. (ar) Alfons XIII. (spanisch Alfonso XIII, * 17. Mai 1886 in Madrid; † 28. Februar 1941 in Rom; vollständiger Name Alfonso León Fernando María Jaime Isidro Pascual Antonio de Borbón y Austria-Lorena) war von 1886/1902 bis 1931 König von Spanien. (de) Ο Αλφόνσος ΙΓ΄ (Alfonso XIII, 17 Μαΐου 1886 – 28 Φεβρουαρίου 1941) ήταν βασιλιάς της Ισπανίας, υστερότοκος γιος του Αλφόνσου ΙΒ΄ της Ισπανίας και της Μαρίας Χριστίνας των Αψβούργων-Λωρραίνης, κόρης του Καρόλου Φερδινάνδου, Αρχιδούκα της Αυστρίας. Επί της βασιλείας του, η Ισπανία έχασε όλες τις κτήσεις της στην αμερικάνικη ήπειρο και τις Φιλιππίνες και ανέχτηκε την δικτατορική διακυβέρνηση του Μιγέλ Πρίμο ντε Ριβέρα που του κόστισε τον θρόνο. Αναμείχθηκε έντονα στην πολιτική, τόσο που μεταξύ των ετών 1902 - 1923 ανεβοκατέβηκαν 33 κυβερνήσεις. Κατά τη διάρκεια του Α΄ Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου, αν και είχε ισχυρές συνδέσεις και με τις δύο πλευρές, προτίμησε να κρατήσει αυστηρή ουδετερότητα. Αργότερα έγινε χρήσιμος σε διπλωματικό επίπεδο σχετικά με τους αιχμαλώτους πολέμου και τις διαπραγματεύσεις μεταξύ τους. Έγινε προστάτης των γραμμάτων, των τεχνών, του τουρισμού, και το πιο αξιοσημείωτο, του αθλητισμού. Έκτισε το ιστορικό ξενοδοχείο Palace στην Μαδρίτη και πήρε υπό την προστασία του τις ιστορικές ποδοσφαιρικές ομάδες της εποχής του, όπως η Ρεάλ Μαδρίτης, η Ρεάλ Σοσιεδάδ και η Ρεάλ Μπέτις. Μετά την καταστολή του κινήματος του Ριβέρα οι δημοκρατικοί ανάγκασαν τον Αλφόνσο να προκηρύξει εκλογές που τις κέρδισαν (1930). Με δημοψήφισμα στην συνέχεια τον κήρυξαν έκπτωτο καταργώντας την μοναρχία, ανακηρύσσοντας την δημοκρατία, και αναγκάζοντας τον Αλφόνσο να εξοριστεί. Από το 1936 έγινε και διεκδικητής του Γαλλικού Στέμματος από την πλευρά των Νομιμοφρόνων ως Αλφόνσος Α΄ μετά τον θάνατο του Αλφόνσου Καρόλου των Βουρβόνων, διεκδικητή ως Καρόλου ΙΒ΄. Στον τίτλο τον διαδέχθηκε ένας από τους γιούς του ο Ιάκωβος ως Ερρίκος ΣΤ΄. (el) Alfonso XIII (17 May 1886 – 28 February 1941), also known as El Africano or the African, was King of Spain from 17 May 1886 to 14 April 1931, when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed. He was a monarch from birth as his father, Alfonso XII, had died the previous year. Alfonso's mother, Maria Christina of Austria, served as regent until he assumed full powers on his sixteenth birthday in 1902. Alfonso XIII's upbringing and public image were closely linked to the military estate, often presenting himself as a soldier-king. His effective reign started four years after the so-called 1898 Disaster, with various social factions projecting their expectations of national regeneration upon him. Similarly to other European monarchs of his time, he played an important political role, entailing a highly controversial use of his constitutional executive powers. His wedding with Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg in 1906 was marked by a regicide attempt, from which he escaped unharmed. With a divided opinion of the public eye on World War I, and moreover a split between the pro-German and pro-entente sympathizers, Alfonso XIII leveraged his family relations to every major European royal family to help preserve the stance of neutrality espoused by the government. Several factors led to undermine the monarch's constitutional legitimacy: the rupture of the turno system, the further deepening of the Restoration system crisis in the 1910s, a trio of crises in 1917, the spiral of violence in Morocco, and the lead up to the installment of the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera through a 1923 military coup d'etat that won the acquiescence from Alfonso XIII. Upon the political failure of the dictatorship, Alfonso XIII removed support from Primo de Rivera (who was thereby forced to resign in 1930) and favoured (during the so-called dictablanda) a return to the pre-1923 state of affairs. Nevertheless, he had lost most of his political capital along the way. He left Spain voluntarily after the municipal elections of April 1931 – which was understood as a plebiscite on maintaining the monarchy or declaring a republic – the result of which led to the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic on 14 April 1931. His efforts with the European War Office during World War I earned him a nomination on the Nobel Peace Prize in 1917, which was ultimately won by the Red Cross. To date, he remains the only monarch to have been nominated for a Nobel Prize. (en) Alfonso la 13-a, hispane Alfonso XIII (Madrido, 17-a de majo de 1886 - Romo, 28-a de februaro de 1940) estis reĝo de Hispanio, de sia naskiĝo ĝis sia abdiko en 1931. Li estis filo de la reĝo Alfonso la 12-a, kiu mortis antaŭ lia naskiĝo, kaj de Maria Kristina de Habsburgo-Loreno, kiu agis kiel regento ĝis 1902, kiam li fariĝis 16-jara. La 31-an de majo de 1906 li edziĝis kun la brita princino (1887-1969), nepino de la reĝino Viktoria de la Unuigita Reĝlando. La tagon de la edziĝo, kiam ili revenis al la Reĝa Palaco, ili suferis atencon de la anarkiisto ; la gereĝoj ne estis vunditaj, sed mortis pluraj ĉeestantoj de la ceremonio. (eo) Alfonso XIII de España, llamado «el Africano»​ (Madrid, 17 de mayo de 1886 – Roma, 28 de febrero de 1941) fue rey de España desde su nacimiento hasta la proclamación de la Segunda República Española el 14 de abril de 1931. Asumió personalmente la Corona al cumplir los dieciséis años de edad, el 17 de mayo de 1902. La inesperada muerte del rey Alfonso XII el 25 de noviembre de 1885, a sus 27 años, provocó una crisis que llevó al Gobierno presidido por Práxedes Mateo Sagasta a paralizar el proceso de sucesión a la Corona a la espera de que la viuda del rey, María Cristina de Habsburgo diese a luz, pues estaba embarazada en aquel momento. Cuando el 17 de mayo de 1886 la reina regente dio a luz a un varón, Alfonso XIII, este fue reconocido de inmediato como rey, siendo un caso único en la Historia.​ Durante su reinado España experimentó cuatro problemas de suma importancia que acabarían con la monarquía liberal: la falta de una verdadera representatividad política de amplios grupos sociales, la pésima situación de las clases populares, en especial las campesinas, los problemas derivados de la guerra del Rif y el catalanismo. Esta turbulencia política y social iniciada con el desastre del 98 impidió que los partidos turnistas lograran implantar una verdadera democracia liberal, lo que condujo al establecimiento de la dictadura de Primo de Rivera, aceptada por el monarca. Con el fracaso político de esta, el monarca impulsó una vuelta a la normalidad democrática con intención de regenerar el régimen. No obstante, fue abandonado por toda la clase política, que se sintió traicionada por el apoyo del rey a la dictadura de Primo de Rivera. Abandonó España voluntariamente tras las elecciones municipales de abril de 1931, que fueron tomadas como un plebiscito entre monarquía o república. Falleció en Roma, donde fue inicialmente enterrado; sus restos no fueron trasladados al Panteón de los Reyes del Monasterio de El Escorial hasta 1980. (es) Alfontso XIII.a (izen osoa gaztelaniaz: Alfonso León Fernando María Jaime Isidro Pascual Antonio de Borbón y Habsburgo-Lorena; Madril, 1886ko maiatzaren 17a - Erroma, Italiako Erresuma, 1941eko otsailaren 28a) jaio zenetik 1931 arte Espainiako erregea izan zen. Hamasei urte zituela eskuratu zuen boterea, 1902ko maiatzaren 17an. (eu) Alphonse XIII, né le 17 mai 1886 à Madrid et mort le 28 février 1941 à Rome, est roi d'Espagne de 1886 à 1931. Fils posthume du roi Alphonse XII, Alphonse XIII règne dès sa naissance. La régence est confiée à sa mère Marie-Christine d'Autriche jusqu'à sa majorité, en 1902. Son règne est marqué par la perte des dernières possessions espagnoles d'outre-mer et une très forte instabilité politique. Après la proclamation de la République, en 1931, la famille royale est contrainte à l'exil, d'abord à Paris, puis à Rome. (fr) Bhí Alfonso XIII (17 Bealtaine 1886 – 28 Feabhra 1941) ina rí ar an Spáinn. (ga) Alfonso XIII (17 Mei 1886 – 28 Februari 1941) adalah Raja Spanyol yang merupakan anak laki-laki dari Alfonso XII dari Spanyol. Ia diangkat menjadi raja pada kelahirannya. Ia memerintah dari 1886 sampai 1931, saat kekuasaanya diambil alih oleh Francisco Franco. Ibunya, Ratu Maria Christina, ditunjuk menjadi ratu sementara sampai Alfonso cukup umur. Pada 1902, pada usia ke-16, Alfonso berhak memerintah Spanyol. (in) Alfonso XIII di Spagna (in spagnolo: Alfonso XIII de Borbón; Madrid, 17 maggio 1886 – Roma, 28 febbraio 1941) figlio di Alfonso XII, divenne re di Spagna alla sua nascita, anche se assunse il potere solamente nel 1902 (sua madre Maria Cristina d'Asburgo-Teschen tenne la reggenza dal 1885 al 1902). Fu deposto il 14 aprile 1931. Per una parte dei monarchici francesi, egli è stato anche pretendente legittimista al trono di Francia e di Navarra con il nome di Alfonso I. (it) 알폰소 13세(Alfonso XIII, 1886년 5월 17일 - 1941년 2월 28일)는 1886년 5월 17일에서 1931년 4월 14일까지 스페인의 군주로서 재위하였다. 정식 이름은 알폰소 레온 마리아 하이메 이시드로 파스쿠알 안토니오 데 보르본 이 압스부르고-로레나(스페인어: Alfonso León Fernando María Jaime Isidro Pascual Antonio de Borbón y Habsburgo-Lorena)였다. 프랑스 왕국의 명목상 국왕으로는 알퐁스 1세(Alphonse Ier)로도 불린다. 1886년 알폰소 12세의 유복자로 태어났다. 태어나자마자 적법한 후계자가 되었으므로 어떠한 칭호도 따라 붙지 않았다. 16세가 되는 해인 1902년까지 모후 마리아 크리스티나가 섭정하였다. 1931년 스페인 제2공화국의 출범으로 망명하였다. 알폰소 13세는 바텐베르크의 빅토리아 에우헤니아 공주와 결혼했다. 그녀의 애칭은 에나였다. 빅토리아 에우헤니아는 혈우병 보인자로 두 사람 사이에는 5남 2녀가 태어났다. 장남 알폰소와 막내 곤살로는 혈우병을 가지고 태어났고 그로 인해 요절했다. 차남 하이메는 유아기에 수술을 받은 이후로 청각장애를 앓게 됐다. 넷째 아들인 후안 데 보르본 이 바텐베르그의 아들은 훗날 스페인의 국왕 후안 카를로스 1세로 즉위하게 된다. (ko) アルフォンソ13世(スペイン語: Alfonso XIII、1886年5月17日 - 1941年2月28日)は、スペインの国王(在位:1886年5月17日 - 1931年4月14日)。 (ja) Alfons XIII Leon Ferdinand Maria Jacobus Isidoor Pascal Anton (Spaans: Alfonso León Fernando María Jaime Isidro Pascual Antonio de Borbón y Habsburgo-Lorena) (Madrid, 17 mei 1886 — Rome, 28 februari 1941) was vanaf zijn geboorte tot 1931 de koning van Spanje. Zijn moeder ging hem voor als koningin-regentes van Spanje. Zijn vader, Alfons XII, was koning van Spanje van 1875 tot diens plotselinge dood in 1885. Zijn grootmoeder is koningin Isabella II. Alfons XIII is de overgrootvader van koning Felipe VI van Spanje. (nl) Alfons XIII (ur. 17 maja 1886 w Madrycie, zm. 28 lutego 1941 w Rzymie) – król Hiszpanii, syn (pogrobowiec) króla Alfonsa XII i jego żony, królowej Marii Krystyny. Panował formalnie od urodzenia do ustanowienia Drugiej Republiki Hiszpańskiej w 1931. Był także w latach 1936–1941 legitymistycznym pretendentem do tronu Francji (jako Alfons I). (pl) Alfons XIII av Spanien (spanska: Alfonso XIII), född 17 maj 1886 i Madrid, död 28 februari 1941 i Rom, var kung av Spanien 1886–1931. (sv) Afonso XIII (em castelhano: Alfonso León Fernando María Jaime Isidro Pascual Antonio de Borbón y Habsburgo-Lorena; Madrid, 17 de maio de 1886 – Roma, 28 de fevereiro de 1941) foi o Rei da Espanha de seu nascimento até sua abdicação em 1931. Era filho póstumo do rei Afonso XII e de sua segunda esposa, a arquiduquesa Maria Cristina da Áustria. Sua mãe serviu como sua regente até ele alcançar a maioridade em 1902, período em que a Espanha perdeu suas colônias no Caribe e no Pacífico na Guerra Hispano-Americana. Por ter relações familiares em ambos os lados, Afonso manteve seu país neutro durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial. De 1923 a 1930 ele apoiou o ditador Primo de Rivera, seu primeiro-ministro. No ano seguinte, enfrentando uma enorme rejeição popular, Afonso fugiu do país e a Segunda República Espanhola foi declarada. Ele manteve sua reivindicação ao trono no exílio até 1941, quando abdicou em favor de seu filho, o Infante João de Bourbon, Conde de Barcelona. Ele morreu seis semanas depois. (pt) Альфонсо ХІІІ (ісп. Alfonso XIII; 17 травня 1886, Мадрид, Іспанія — 28 лютого 1941, Рим, Італія) — король Іспанії в 1902–1931 з династії Бурбонів. (uk) Альфо́нсо XIII (исп. Alfonso XIII, 17 мая 1886, Мадрид — 28 февраля 1941, Рим) — король Испании (1886—1931), прадед короля Филиппа VI. (ru) 阿方索十三世(西班牙語:Alfonso XIII,1886年5月17日-1941年2月28日),全名阿方索·萊昂·費爾南多·马里亞·海梅·伊西德羅·帕斯夸爾·安東尼奧·德·波旁—哈布斯堡-洛林(Alfonso León Fernando Maria Jaime Isidro Pascual Antonio de Borbón y Habsburgo-Lorena),波旁王朝的西班牙国王(1886年-1931年),阿方索十二世的遗腹子。1902年成年前,由他的母亲瑪麗亞·克里斯蒂娜摄政。 阿方索十三世统治时期发生的最重要事件是美西战争。在这场灾难性战争中,西班牙被新兴强权国家美国彻底击溃,丧失菲律宾和所有美洲领地。 1909至1911年,阿方索十三世的统治为一系列革命运动所困扰,其中尤以在马德里和巴塞罗那发生的革命活动最为剧烈。民众打出推翻君主制的旗号。阿方索十三世在舆论压力下,在立法、教育和宗教等多方面进行了一些改革。在第一次世界大战期间,西班牙軍方、保守派及教會比較親德;商人、自由派及反君主制共和主義者比較親法,而阿方索十三世通過其首相宣佈西班牙保持中立政策,从而使衰弱的西班牙免于战火。他曾感染西班牙流感。 在阿方索十三世支持下,米格尔·普里莫·德·里韦拉将军于1923年9月13日建立了独裁政权。从那时起到1930年,阿方索十三世实际上是依靠这个为人民所厌恶的独裁者维持国王的地位。1931年西班牙爆发了革命,里韦拉政权被推翻。革命的结果是西班牙第二共和国的建立。阿方索十三世被迫退位并逃亡。他在流亡生活中于罗马逝世。在西班牙,佛朗哥下令全国哀悼三天。 (zh)
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dbp:fullName Alfonso León Fernando María Jaime Isidro Pascual Antonio de Borbón y Habsburgo-Lorena (en)
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dbp:successor dbr:Niceto_Alcalá-Zamora Juan Carlos I (en) Monarchy abolished (en)
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rdfs:comment Alfons XIII. (Alfonso XIII; 17. května 1886, Madrid – 28. února 1941, Řím) byl v letech 1886 až 1931 králem španělským (poté až do své smrti v exilu) a v letech 1936 až 1941 jako Alfons I. (cs) Alfons XIII d'Espanya (Madrid, 17 de maig de 1886 - Roma, 28 de febrer de 1941) fou rei d'Espanya (1902-1931) i cap de la casa reial espanyola (1931-1941). Fou fill pòstum d'Alfons XII d'Espanya i de l'arxiduquessa Maria Cristina d'Àustria. (ca) Alfons XIII. (spanisch Alfonso XIII, * 17. Mai 1886 in Madrid; † 28. Februar 1941 in Rom; vollständiger Name Alfonso León Fernando María Jaime Isidro Pascual Antonio de Borbón y Austria-Lorena) war von 1886/1902 bis 1931 König von Spanien. (de) Alfontso XIII.a (izen osoa gaztelaniaz: Alfonso León Fernando María Jaime Isidro Pascual Antonio de Borbón y Habsburgo-Lorena; Madril, 1886ko maiatzaren 17a - Erroma, Italiako Erresuma, 1941eko otsailaren 28a) jaio zenetik 1931 arte Espainiako erregea izan zen. Hamasei urte zituela eskuratu zuen boterea, 1902ko maiatzaren 17an. (eu) Alphonse XIII, né le 17 mai 1886 à Madrid et mort le 28 février 1941 à Rome, est roi d'Espagne de 1886 à 1931. Fils posthume du roi Alphonse XII, Alphonse XIII règne dès sa naissance. La régence est confiée à sa mère Marie-Christine d'Autriche jusqu'à sa majorité, en 1902. Son règne est marqué par la perte des dernières possessions espagnoles d'outre-mer et une très forte instabilité politique. Après la proclamation de la République, en 1931, la famille royale est contrainte à l'exil, d'abord à Paris, puis à Rome. (fr) Bhí Alfonso XIII (17 Bealtaine 1886 – 28 Feabhra 1941) ina rí ar an Spáinn. (ga) Alfonso XIII (17 Mei 1886 – 28 Februari 1941) adalah Raja Spanyol yang merupakan anak laki-laki dari Alfonso XII dari Spanyol. Ia diangkat menjadi raja pada kelahirannya. Ia memerintah dari 1886 sampai 1931, saat kekuasaanya diambil alih oleh Francisco Franco. Ibunya, Ratu Maria Christina, ditunjuk menjadi ratu sementara sampai Alfonso cukup umur. Pada 1902, pada usia ke-16, Alfonso berhak memerintah Spanyol. (in) Alfonso XIII di Spagna (in spagnolo: Alfonso XIII de Borbón; Madrid, 17 maggio 1886 – Roma, 28 febbraio 1941) figlio di Alfonso XII, divenne re di Spagna alla sua nascita, anche se assunse il potere solamente nel 1902 (sua madre Maria Cristina d'Asburgo-Teschen tenne la reggenza dal 1885 al 1902). Fu deposto il 14 aprile 1931. Per una parte dei monarchici francesi, egli è stato anche pretendente legittimista al trono di Francia e di Navarra con il nome di Alfonso I. (it) アルフォンソ13世(スペイン語: Alfonso XIII、1886年5月17日 - 1941年2月28日)は、スペインの国王(在位:1886年5月17日 - 1931年4月14日)。 (ja) Alfons XIII Leon Ferdinand Maria Jacobus Isidoor Pascal Anton (Spaans: Alfonso León Fernando María Jaime Isidro Pascual Antonio de Borbón y Habsburgo-Lorena) (Madrid, 17 mei 1886 — Rome, 28 februari 1941) was vanaf zijn geboorte tot 1931 de koning van Spanje. Zijn moeder ging hem voor als koningin-regentes van Spanje. Zijn vader, Alfons XII, was koning van Spanje van 1875 tot diens plotselinge dood in 1885. Zijn grootmoeder is koningin Isabella II. Alfons XIII is de overgrootvader van koning Felipe VI van Spanje. (nl) Alfons XIII (ur. 17 maja 1886 w Madrycie, zm. 28 lutego 1941 w Rzymie) – król Hiszpanii, syn (pogrobowiec) króla Alfonsa XII i jego żony, królowej Marii Krystyny. Panował formalnie od urodzenia do ustanowienia Drugiej Republiki Hiszpańskiej w 1931. Był także w latach 1936–1941 legitymistycznym pretendentem do tronu Francji (jako Alfons I). (pl) Alfons XIII av Spanien (spanska: Alfonso XIII), född 17 maj 1886 i Madrid, död 28 februari 1941 i Rom, var kung av Spanien 1886–1931. (sv) Альфонсо ХІІІ (ісп. Alfonso XIII; 17 травня 1886, Мадрид, Іспанія — 28 лютого 1941, Рим, Італія) — король Іспанії в 1902–1931 з династії Бурбонів. (uk) Альфо́нсо XIII (исп. Alfonso XIII, 17 мая 1886, Мадрид — 28 февраля 1941, Рим) — король Испании (1886—1931), прадед короля Филиппа VI. (ru) ألفونسو الثالث عشر (بالإسبانية: Alfonso XIII)‏ (مدريد 17 مايو 1886 – روما 28 فبراير 1941) سمي بالأفريقي أوالمنفي وهو ملك إسبانيا منذ ولادته حتى إعلان الجمهورية الثانية في 14 أبريل 1931. تولى السلطة الفعلية في 17 مايو 1902 أي عند بلوغه سن السادسة عشرة. غادر أسبانيا طواعية بعد الانتخابات البلدية في أبريل 1931. والتي كانت بمثابة استفتاء بين الملكية أو الجمهورية. مات في روما، لم يتم نقل رفاته حتى سنة 1980 إلى سرداب رفات الملوك في دير الإسكوريال. (ar) Ο Αλφόνσος ΙΓ΄ (Alfonso XIII, 17 Μαΐου 1886 – 28 Φεβρουαρίου 1941) ήταν βασιλιάς της Ισπανίας, υστερότοκος γιος του Αλφόνσου ΙΒ΄ της Ισπανίας και της Μαρίας Χριστίνας των Αψβούργων-Λωρραίνης, κόρης του Καρόλου Φερδινάνδου, Αρχιδούκα της Αυστρίας. Επί της βασιλείας του, η Ισπανία έχασε όλες τις κτήσεις της στην αμερικάνικη ήπειρο και τις Φιλιππίνες και ανέχτηκε την δικτατορική διακυβέρνηση του Μιγέλ Πρίμο ντε Ριβέρα που του κόστισε τον θρόνο. Αναμείχθηκε έντονα στην πολιτική, τόσο που μεταξύ των ετών 1902 - 1923 ανεβοκατέβηκαν 33 κυβερνήσεις. (el) Alfonso XIII (17 May 1886 – 28 February 1941), also known as El Africano or the African, was King of Spain from 17 May 1886 to 14 April 1931, when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed. He was a monarch from birth as his father, Alfonso XII, had died the previous year. Alfonso's mother, Maria Christina of Austria, served as regent until he assumed full powers on his sixteenth birthday in 1902. (en) Alfonso la 13-a, hispane Alfonso XIII (Madrido, 17-a de majo de 1886 - Romo, 28-a de februaro de 1940) estis reĝo de Hispanio, de sia naskiĝo ĝis sia abdiko en 1931. Li estis filo de la reĝo Alfonso la 12-a, kiu mortis antaŭ lia naskiĝo, kaj de Maria Kristina de Habsburgo-Loreno, kiu agis kiel regento ĝis 1902, kiam li fariĝis 16-jara. (eo) Alfonso XIII de España, llamado «el Africano»​ (Madrid, 17 de mayo de 1886 – Roma, 28 de febrero de 1941) fue rey de España desde su nacimiento hasta la proclamación de la Segunda República Española el 14 de abril de 1931. Asumió personalmente la Corona al cumplir los dieciséis años de edad, el 17 de mayo de 1902. (es) 알폰소 13세(Alfonso XIII, 1886년 5월 17일 - 1941년 2월 28일)는 1886년 5월 17일에서 1931년 4월 14일까지 스페인의 군주로서 재위하였다. 정식 이름은 알폰소 레온 마리아 하이메 이시드로 파스쿠알 안토니오 데 보르본 이 압스부르고-로레나(스페인어: Alfonso León Fernando María Jaime Isidro Pascual Antonio de Borbón y Habsburgo-Lorena)였다. 프랑스 왕국의 명목상 국왕으로는 알퐁스 1세(Alphonse Ier)로도 불린다. 1886년 알폰소 12세의 유복자로 태어났다. 태어나자마자 적법한 후계자가 되었으므로 어떠한 칭호도 따라 붙지 않았다. 16세가 되는 해인 1902년까지 모후 마리아 크리스티나가 섭정하였다. 1931년 스페인 제2공화국의 출범으로 망명하였다. (ko) Afonso XIII (em castelhano: Alfonso León Fernando María Jaime Isidro Pascual Antonio de Borbón y Habsburgo-Lorena; Madrid, 17 de maio de 1886 – Roma, 28 de fevereiro de 1941) foi o Rei da Espanha de seu nascimento até sua abdicação em 1931. Era filho póstumo do rei Afonso XII e de sua segunda esposa, a arquiduquesa Maria Cristina da Áustria. Sua mãe serviu como sua regente até ele alcançar a maioridade em 1902, período em que a Espanha perdeu suas colônias no Caribe e no Pacífico na Guerra Hispano-Americana. (pt) 阿方索十三世(西班牙語:Alfonso XIII,1886年5月17日-1941年2月28日),全名阿方索·萊昂·費爾南多·马里亞·海梅·伊西德羅·帕斯夸爾·安東尼奧·德·波旁—哈布斯堡-洛林(Alfonso León Fernando Maria Jaime Isidro Pascual Antonio de Borbón y Habsburgo-Lorena),波旁王朝的西班牙国王(1886年-1931年),阿方索十二世的遗腹子。1902年成年前,由他的母亲瑪麗亞·克里斯蒂娜摄政。 阿方索十三世统治时期发生的最重要事件是美西战争。在这场灾难性战争中,西班牙被新兴强权国家美国彻底击溃,丧失菲律宾和所有美洲领地。 1909至1911年,阿方索十三世的统治为一系列革命运动所困扰,其中尤以在马德里和巴塞罗那发生的革命活动最为剧烈。民众打出推翻君主制的旗号。阿方索十三世在舆论压力下,在立法、教育和宗教等多方面进行了一些改革。在第一次世界大战期间,西班牙軍方、保守派及教會比較親德;商人、自由派及反君主制共和主義者比較親法,而阿方索十三世通過其首相宣佈西班牙保持中立政策,从而使衰弱的西班牙免于战火。他曾感染西班牙流感。 (zh)
rdfs:label Alfonso XIII (en) ألفونسو الثالث عشر ملك إسبانيا (ar) Alfons XIII d'Espanya (ca) Alfons XIII. (cs) Alfons XIII. (de) Αλφόνσος ΙΓ΄ της Ισπανίας (el) Alfonso la 13-a (Hispanio) (eo) Alfonso XIII de España (es) Alfontso XIII.a Borboikoa (Espainia) (eu) Alfonso XIII na Spáinne (ga) Alphonse XIII (fr) Alfonso XIII dari Spanyol (in) Alfonso XIII di Spagna (it) アルフォンソ13世 (スペイン王) (ja) 알폰소 13세 (ko) Alfons XIII van Spanje (nl) Alfons XIII (pl) Afonso XIII de Espanha (pt) Альфонсо XIII (ru) Alfons XIII av Spanien (sv) 阿方索十三世 (zh) Альфонсо XIII (uk)
rdfs:seeAlso dbr:1931_Spanish_local_elections dbr:Dictablanda_of_Dámaso_Berenguer dbr:European_War_Office
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foaf:name Alfonso XIII (en)
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is dbp:father of dbr:Alfonso,_Prince_of_Asturias_(1907–1938)
is dbp:issue of dbr:Maria_Christina_of_Austria
is dbp:leader of dbr:Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines dbr:Restoration_(Spain) dbr:Spanish_East_Indies
is dbp:monarch of dbr:José_Sánchez-Guerra_y_Martínez dbr:Salvador_Arizón_y_Sánchez_Fano dbr:Gabino_Bugallal_Araújo dbr:Marquess_of_Oris dbr:Antonio_Cánovas_del_Castillo dbr:Agustín_de_Luque_y_Coca dbr:Eduardo_Dato dbr:Jacobo_Fitz-James_Stuart,_17th_Duke_of_Alba dbr:Joaquín_Milans_del_Bosch dbr:Joaquín_Sánchez_de_Toca dbr:Manuel_Allendesalazar_y_Muñoz_de_Salazar dbr:Marcelo_Azcárraga dbr:Narciso_García-Loygorri,_2nd_Duke_of_Vistahermosa
is dbp:predecessor of dbr:Juan_Carlos_I dbr:Infante_Jaime,_Duke_of_Segovia dbr:Infante_Juan,_Count_of_Barcelona
is dbp:president of dbr:Francisco_Aparicio_y_Ruiz
is dbp:spouse of dbr:Victoria_Eugenie_of_Battenberg
is dbp:successor of dbr:Alfonso_XII dbr:Infante_Alfonso_Carlos,_Duke_of_San_Jaime
is foaf:primaryTopic of wikipedia-en:Alfonso_XIII