Chongzhen Emperor (original) (raw)
Císař Čchung-čen (čínsky pchin-jinem Chóngzhēn, znaky 崇禎; 6. ledna 1611 – 25. dubna 1644) vlastním jménem Ču Jou-ťien (čínsky pchin-jinem Zhū Yóujiǎn, znaky 朱由檢) z dynastie Ming vládl v letech 1627–1644 mingské Číně. Byl bratrem a nástupcem císaře Tchien-čchiho. Po převzetí vlády s novým rokem vyhlásil éru „Velikého štěstí“, Čchung-čen. Název éry je používán i jako jméno císaře.
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| dbo:abstract | Císař Čchung-čen (čínsky pchin-jinem Chóngzhēn, znaky 崇禎; 6. ledna 1611 – 25. dubna 1644) vlastním jménem Ču Jou-ťien (čínsky pchin-jinem Zhū Yóujiǎn, znaky 朱由檢) z dynastie Ming vládl v letech 1627–1644 mingské Číně. Byl bratrem a nástupcem císaře Tchien-čchiho. Po převzetí vlády s novým rokem vyhlásil éru „Velikého štěstí“, Čchung-čen. Název éry je používán i jako jméno císaře. (cs) L'Emperador Chongzhen (xinès tradicional: 崇禎, xinès simplificat: 崇祯, pinyin: Chóngzhēn; Wade-Giles: Ch'ung-chen/antiga pronúncia: Ch'ung-cheng) (6 de febrer del 1611 - 25 d'abril del 1644) va ser el setzè i l'últim emperador de la Dinastia Ming de la Xina. Va regnar del 1627 fins al 1644, sota el nom d'era que significa "honorable i prometedor". (ca) Chongzhen (chinesisch 崇禎 / 崇祯, Pinyin Chóngzhēn, W.-G. Ch'ung-cheng; * 6. Februar 1611; † 25. April 1644), Geburtsname: Zhu Youjian 朱由檢, Tempelname: Sizong 思宗, war der sechzehnte und letzte chinesische Kaiser der Ming-Dynastie. Er regierte von 1627 bis 1644 über China. (de) Chongzhen (naskiĝis la 6-an de februaro 1611, mortis la 25-an de aprilo 1644) – deksesa, la lasta imperiestro de Ĉinio el dinastio Ming. Li estis filo de imperiestro Taichang. Surtroniĝis post morto de sia frato en 1627. Li provis plifortigi regopovon de la dinastio, tamen la planojn malhelpis kamparana ribelo gvidata de . Kiam soldataro de Li eniris Pekinon, Chongzhen forkuris de la Imperiestra Palaco al Ĝingŝan-parko, kie mortigis sin per pendumo. (eo) The Chongzhen Emperor (simplified Chinese: 崇祯帝; traditional Chinese: 崇禎帝; pinyin: Chóngzhēn Dì; 6 February 1611 – 25 April 1644), personal name Zhu Youjian (Chinese: 朱由檢; pinyin: Zhū Yóujiǎn), courtesy name Deyue (德約), was the 17th and last Emperor of the Ming dynasty. He reigned from 1627 to 1644. "Chongzhen," the era name of his reign, means "honorable and auspicious." Zhu Youjian was son of the Taichang Emperor and younger brother of the Tianqi Emperor, whom he succeeded to the throne in 1627. He battled peasant rebellions and was not able to defend the northern frontier against the Manchu. When rebels under Li Zicheng reached the capital Beijing in 1644, he committed suicide, ending the Ming dynasty. The Manchu formed the succeeding Qing dynasty. In 1645, Zhu Yousong, who had proclaimed himself the Hongguang Emperor of the Southern Ming, gave the Chongzhen Emperor the temple name "Sizong". In historical texts, "Sizong" is the most common temple name of the Chongzhen Emperor, even though the Southern Ming rulers had changed "Sizong" to "Yizong" (毅宗) and then to "Weizong" (威宗). During the Qing dynasty, the Chongzhen Emperor's temple name was changed to "Huaizong" (懷宗). (en) Zhu Youjian (6 de febrero de 1611 - 25 de abril de 1644) fue el decimosexto y último emperador de la dinastía Ming en China, gobernando entre 1627 y 1644. "Chongzhen", su nombre de la era de su reino significa honorable y auspicioso. (es) Chongzhen (崇禎, pinyin : Chóngzhēn ; 6 février 1611 à Pékin - 25 avril 1644), de son nom personnel Zhu Youjian (朱由檢), est le seizième et dernier empereur de la dynastie Ming (1627-1644). Cinquième fils de l'empereur Taichang, il succède son frère aîné Tianqi à l'âge de 16 ans. (fr) Kaisar Chongzhen (Hanzi: 崇祯, 6 Februari 1611-25 April 1644) adalah kaisar ke-16 dan terakhir dari Dinasti Ming. Dia bertahta dari tahun 1627 sampai 1644. Terlahir dengan nama Zhu Youjian (朱由检), anak kelima dari Kaisar Taichang. (in) 崇禎帝（すうていてい）は、明朝第17代（最後）の皇帝。諱は由検（ゆうけん）。廟号ははじめは思宗、のちに改めて毅宗（以上は南明弘光帝による）、威宗（隆武帝による）、懐宗（清による）。諡号は弘光帝が紹天繹道剛明恪倹揆文奮武敦仁懋孝烈皇帝としたが、清が荘烈愍皇帝と改めた。また清は崇禎帝を明朝歴代皇帝と同じ北京昌平山に葬り、陵墓を「思陵」とした。 (ja) 숭정제(崇禎帝, 1611년 2월 6일(음력 1610년 12월 24일) ~ 1644년 4월 25일(음력 3월 19일))는 중국 명나라의 제16대 황제(재위 : 1627년 ~ 1644년). 묘호는 의종(毅宗). 시호는 순천수도경검관문양무체인치효장렬민황제 (順天受道敬儉寬文襄武體仁致孝莊烈愍皇帝), 소천역도강명각검규문분무돈인무효열황제 (紹天繹道剛明恪儉揆文奮武敦仁懋孝烈皇帝)이며, 휘는 유검(由檢)이다. 천계제의 동생으로 후사가 없는 천계제의 뒤를 이어 명나라 제16대 황제로 즉위하였다. 역사학계에서는 논란을 피하기 위해, 남명과 청나라에서 공식적으로 쓰는 묘호와 시호를 같이 쓰거나, 그것들을 쓰지 않고 숭정제(崇禎帝)로 통용되어 쓰기도 한다. (ko) Chongzhen (6 februari 1611 - 25 april 1644) was de laatste keizer van de Chinese Mingdynastie tussen 1627 en 1644. Als zodanig was hij ook de laatste keizer van Han-Chinese afkomst. Hij was geboren als Zhu Youjian, als de zoon van keizer Taichang. De monarchie woonde in de door hen gebouwde Verboden Stad. Chongzhens regering stond voornamelijk in het teken van de strijd tegen de uit het noordoosten opdringende Manchu, wiens leiders zich vanaf 1636 de Grote Qing noemden. Yuan Chonghuan, minister van Defensie, was verantwoordelijk voor het op afstand houden van de Manchu. De Shanhaiguan-pas, de belangrijkste doorgang van Peking naar Mantsjoerije, werd versterkt. Hier werden de Qing lange tijd tegengehouden. In 1628 braken echter opstanden uit in Shaanxi, naar aanleiding van een droogte een jaar eerder en de aanhoudende belastingdruk. De regering, die volledig in beslag werd genomen door de oorlog tegen de Qing, kon hier niet adequaat op reageren, en de opstand breidde zich verder uit. Li Zicheng ontpopte zich als de belangrijkste leider en liet zichzelf tot koning van de Grote Shun uitroepen. In 1644 rukte hij op naar Peking. Toen het bericht Chongzhen bereikte dat Li al in de buitenwijken was met zijn leger, hing hij zichzelf op aan een boom in het Jingshanpark in de Verboden Stad. Van tevoren gaf hij een groot banket en vervolgens vermoordde hij vrijwel alle aanwezige hofbediendes en leden van de monarchie. Alleen zijn dochter overleefde de moordpartij. (nl) Chongzhen (崇禎T, ChóngzhēnP; 6 gennaio 1611 – Pechino, 25 aprile 1644), nato col nome di Zhū Yóujiǎn (朱由檢), fu imperatore della Cina, l'ultimo regnante della dinastia Ming. (it) Chongzhen-kejsaren (崇禎帝, regeringstid: 1611-1644) var den siste kejsaren under den kinesiska Mingdynastin. Hans ursprungliga namn var Zhu Youjian (kinesiska: 朱由檢?, pinyin: Zhū Yóujiǎn), namnet Chongzhen kommer av namnet på hans regeringsperiod, Chóngzhēn (崇禎). I Kina går han dessutom under sitt postuma namn Zhuānglièmǐn (莊烈愍) och sitt så kallade tempelnamn, Sīzōng (思宗). När Zhu Youjian tog över tronen efter sin storebror, Tianqi-kejsaren, försökte han återta makten från de hovmän, bland andra som under en tid kontrollerat statsförvaltningen. Riket var dock i oordning, och det, tillsammans med folkliga uppror och det militära trycket från manchurierna, blev Mingdynastins fall. I april 1644 intog rebelledaren Li Zichengs styrkor Peking och beredde vägen för en ny, manchurisk dynasti, Qingdynastin. Zhu Youjian beordrade sina närmaste, bland andra kejsarinnan Zhuangliemin och änkekejsarinnan Zhang Baozhu, att begå självmord, och hängde sig själv i Jingshanparken. (sv) Chongzhen (ur. 6 lutego 1611, zm. 25 kwietnia 1644) – szesnasty, ostatni cesarz Chin z dynastii Ming. Był synem cesarza Taichanga. Na tron wstąpił po śmierci brata w 1627. Próbował wzmocnić władzę dynastii Ming, jednakże w tych planach przeszkodziła rebelia chłopska dowodzona przez Li Zichenga. Kiedy wojska Li wkroczyły do Pekinu, Chongzhen zbiegł z Pałacu Cesarskiego do parku Jingshan, gdzie się powiesił. (pl) 崇禎帝朱由檢（1611年2月6日－1644年4月25日），字德约，明朝第17任皇帝，亦是清朝入關前最後一任明朝皇帝，年号“崇祯”。 崇祯帝为明光宗第五子，明熹宗异母弟。五歲時，其母劉氏獲罪，被時為太子的光宗下令杖殺，朱由检交由庶母西李撫養，數年後改由另一庶母东李撫養至成人。於天启二年（1622年）被兄長明熹宗册封為信王。明熹宗於天啟七年八月二十二日（公元1627年9月30日）駕崩，由于没有子嗣，朱由检受遗命于同月二十四日丁巳（1627年10月3日）登基，时年十八歲（周歲16歲）。次年改元崇禎。 崇祯帝一生操勞，日以繼夜的批閱奏章，节俭自律，不近女色。崇祯年間的勤奮，与萬曆、天啟相较，朝政有了明显改观。即位之初就大力铲除阉党，曾六度下诏罪己，惜其生性猜忌多疑，畢生獨攬大權，未善與官員放心合作，故无法挽救衰微的明朝。明朝末年民變不断，关外后金政权虎视眈眈，已处于内忧外患的境地。崇祯十七年（1644年）發生甲申之變，李自成攻破北京，崇祯帝在煤山一树自縊身亡，终年三十五岁（周歲33歲），在位十七年。 南明予其庙号「思宗」，后改「毅宗」、「威宗」，南明弘光帝上谥号「绍天绎道刚明恪俭揆文奋武敦仁懋孝烈皇帝」。清朝追谥「钦天守道敏毅敦俭弘文襄武体仁致孝端皇帝」，庙号「怀宗」；后去庙号，改谥为「庄烈愍皇帝」，葬于思陵。 (zh) Чжу Юцзянь (2 октября 1611 — 25 апреля 1644, 朱由檢) — шестнадцатый и последний император династии Мин. Храмовое имя — Мин Сы-цзун (明思宗). Его девиз правления был Чунчжэнь, (崇禎, «возвышенное счастье»). (ru) Чжу Юцзянь (кит.: 朱由檢; піньїнь: Zhu Youjian), храмове ім'я Сицзун (кит.: 思宗; піньїнь: Sīzōng; 6 лютого 1611 —25 квітня 1644) — шістнадцятий імператор династії Мін. Девіз правління — Чунчжень (Піднесене Щастя). (uk) |
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| dbp:fullName | (en) Zhu Youjian (en) |
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| dbp:issue | (en) Fourth daughter (en) Fifth daughter (en) Prince Daoliang (en) Princess Changping (en) Princess Kunyi (en) Princess Zhaoren (en) Sixth daughter (en) Zhu Cican, Prince Daohuai (en) Zhu Cihuan, Prince Daoling (en) Zhu Cijiong, Prince Ai of Ding (en) Zhu Cilang, Crown Prince Xianmin (en) Zhu Cixuan, Prince Yin of Huai (en) Zhu Cizhao, Prince Dao of Yong (en) |
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| dbp:posthumousName | (en) * Emperor Zhaotian Yidao Gangming Kejian Kuiwen Fenwu Dunren Maoxiao Lie (en) * Emperor Qintian Shoudao Minyi Dunjian Hongwen Xiangwu Tiren Zhixiao Duan (en) → * Emperor Zhuanglie Min (en) |
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| dbp:t | 崇禎帝 (en) 朱由檢 (en) |
| dbp:templeName | * Sīzōng → * Yìzōng → * Wēizōng * Huáizōng (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Císař Čchung-čen (čínsky pchin-jinem Chóngzhēn, znaky 崇禎; 6. ledna 1611 – 25. dubna 1644) vlastním jménem Ču Jou-ťien (čínsky pchin-jinem Zhū Yóujiǎn, znaky 朱由檢) z dynastie Ming vládl v letech 1627–1644 mingské Číně. Byl bratrem a nástupcem císaře Tchien-čchiho. Po převzetí vlády s novým rokem vyhlásil éru „Velikého štěstí“, Čchung-čen. Název éry je používán i jako jméno císaře. (cs) L'Emperador Chongzhen (xinès tradicional: 崇禎, xinès simplificat: 崇祯, pinyin: Chóngzhēn; Wade-Giles: Ch'ung-chen/antiga pronúncia: Ch'ung-cheng) (6 de febrer del 1611 - 25 d'abril del 1644) va ser el setzè i l'últim emperador de la Dinastia Ming de la Xina. Va regnar del 1627 fins al 1644, sota el nom d'era que significa "honorable i prometedor". (ca) Chongzhen (chinesisch 崇禎 / 崇祯, Pinyin Chóngzhēn, W.-G. Ch'ung-cheng; * 6. Februar 1611; † 25. April 1644), Geburtsname: Zhu Youjian 朱由檢, Tempelname: Sizong 思宗, war der sechzehnte und letzte chinesische Kaiser der Ming-Dynastie. Er regierte von 1627 bis 1644 über China. (de) Chongzhen (naskiĝis la 6-an de februaro 1611, mortis la 25-an de aprilo 1644) – deksesa, la lasta imperiestro de Ĉinio el dinastio Ming. Li estis filo de imperiestro Taichang. Surtroniĝis post morto de sia frato en 1627. Li provis plifortigi regopovon de la dinastio, tamen la planojn malhelpis kamparana ribelo gvidata de . Kiam soldataro de Li eniris Pekinon, Chongzhen forkuris de la Imperiestra Palaco al Ĝingŝan-parko, kie mortigis sin per pendumo. (eo) Zhu Youjian (6 de febrero de 1611 - 25 de abril de 1644) fue el decimosexto y último emperador de la dinastía Ming en China, gobernando entre 1627 y 1644. "Chongzhen", su nombre de la era de su reino significa honorable y auspicioso. (es) Chongzhen (崇禎, pinyin : Chóngzhēn ; 6 février 1611 à Pékin - 25 avril 1644), de son nom personnel Zhu Youjian (朱由檢), est le seizième et dernier empereur de la dynastie Ming (1627-1644). Cinquième fils de l'empereur Taichang, il succède son frère aîné Tianqi à l'âge de 16 ans. (fr) Kaisar Chongzhen (Hanzi: 崇祯, 6 Februari 1611-25 April 1644) adalah kaisar ke-16 dan terakhir dari Dinasti Ming. Dia bertahta dari tahun 1627 sampai 1644. Terlahir dengan nama Zhu Youjian (朱由检), anak kelima dari Kaisar Taichang. (in) 崇禎帝（すうていてい）は、明朝第17代（最後）の皇帝。諱は由検（ゆうけん）。廟号ははじめは思宗、のちに改めて毅宗（以上は南明弘光帝による）、威宗（隆武帝による）、懐宗（清による）。諡号は弘光帝が紹天繹道剛明恪倹揆文奮武敦仁懋孝烈皇帝としたが、清が荘烈愍皇帝と改めた。また清は崇禎帝を明朝歴代皇帝と同じ北京昌平山に葬り、陵墓を「思陵」とした。 (ja) 숭정제(崇禎帝, 1611년 2월 6일(음력 1610년 12월 24일) ~ 1644년 4월 25일(음력 3월 19일))는 중국 명나라의 제16대 황제(재위 : 1627년 ~ 1644년). 묘호는 의종(毅宗). 시호는 순천수도경검관문양무체인치효장렬민황제 (順天受道敬儉寬文襄武體仁致孝莊烈愍皇帝), 소천역도강명각검규문분무돈인무효열황제 (紹天繹道剛明恪儉揆文奮武敦仁懋孝烈皇帝)이며, 휘는 유검(由檢)이다. 천계제의 동생으로 후사가 없는 천계제의 뒤를 이어 명나라 제16대 황제로 즉위하였다. 역사학계에서는 논란을 피하기 위해, 남명과 청나라에서 공식적으로 쓰는 묘호와 시호를 같이 쓰거나, 그것들을 쓰지 않고 숭정제(崇禎帝)로 통용되어 쓰기도 한다. (ko) Chongzhen (崇禎T, ChóngzhēnP; 6 gennaio 1611 – Pechino, 25 aprile 1644), nato col nome di Zhū Yóujiǎn (朱由檢), fu imperatore della Cina, l'ultimo regnante della dinastia Ming. (it) Chongzhen (ur. 6 lutego 1611, zm. 25 kwietnia 1644) – szesnasty, ostatni cesarz Chin z dynastii Ming. Był synem cesarza Taichanga. Na tron wstąpił po śmierci brata w 1627. Próbował wzmocnić władzę dynastii Ming, jednakże w tych planach przeszkodziła rebelia chłopska dowodzona przez Li Zichenga. Kiedy wojska Li wkroczyły do Pekinu, Chongzhen zbiegł z Pałacu Cesarskiego do parku Jingshan, gdzie się powiesił. (pl) 崇禎帝朱由檢（1611年2月6日－1644年4月25日），字德约，明朝第17任皇帝，亦是清朝入關前最後一任明朝皇帝，年号“崇祯”。 崇祯帝为明光宗第五子，明熹宗异母弟。五歲時，其母劉氏獲罪，被時為太子的光宗下令杖殺，朱由检交由庶母西李撫養，數年後改由另一庶母东李撫養至成人。於天启二年（1622年）被兄長明熹宗册封為信王。明熹宗於天啟七年八月二十二日（公元1627年9月30日）駕崩，由于没有子嗣，朱由检受遗命于同月二十四日丁巳（1627年10月3日）登基，时年十八歲（周歲16歲）。次年改元崇禎。 崇祯帝一生操勞，日以繼夜的批閱奏章，节俭自律，不近女色。崇祯年間的勤奮，与萬曆、天啟相较，朝政有了明显改观。即位之初就大力铲除阉党，曾六度下诏罪己，惜其生性猜忌多疑，畢生獨攬大權，未善與官員放心合作，故无法挽救衰微的明朝。明朝末年民變不断，关外后金政权虎视眈眈，已处于内忧外患的境地。崇祯十七年（1644年）發生甲申之變，李自成攻破北京，崇祯帝在煤山一树自縊身亡，终年三十五岁（周歲33歲），在位十七年。 南明予其庙号「思宗」，后改「毅宗」、「威宗」，南明弘光帝上谥号「绍天绎道刚明恪俭揆文奋武敦仁懋孝烈皇帝」。清朝追谥「钦天守道敏毅敦俭弘文襄武体仁致孝端皇帝」，庙号「怀宗」；后去庙号，改谥为「庄烈愍皇帝」，葬于思陵。 (zh) Чжу Юцзянь (2 октября 1611 — 25 апреля 1644, 朱由檢) — шестнадцатый и последний император династии Мин. Храмовое имя — Мин Сы-цзун (明思宗). Его девиз правления был Чунчжэнь, (崇禎, «возвышенное счастье»). (ru) Чжу Юцзянь (кит.: 朱由檢; піньїнь: Zhu Youjian), храмове ім'я Сицзун (кит.: 思宗; піньїнь: Sīzōng; 6 лютого 1611 —25 квітня 1644) — шістнадцятий імператор династії Мін. Девіз правління — Чунчжень (Піднесене Щастя). (uk) The Chongzhen Emperor (simplified Chinese: 崇祯帝; traditional Chinese: 崇禎帝; pinyin: Chóngzhēn Dì; 6 February 1611 – 25 April 1644), personal name Zhu Youjian (Chinese: 朱由檢; pinyin: Zhū Yóujiǎn), courtesy name Deyue (德約), was the 17th and last Emperor of the Ming dynasty. He reigned from 1627 to 1644. "Chongzhen," the era name of his reign, means "honorable and auspicious." (en) Chongzhen (6 februari 1611 - 25 april 1644) was de laatste keizer van de Chinese Mingdynastie tussen 1627 en 1644. Als zodanig was hij ook de laatste keizer van Han-Chinese afkomst. Hij was geboren als Zhu Youjian, als de zoon van keizer Taichang. De monarchie woonde in de door hen gebouwde Verboden Stad. (nl) Chongzhen-kejsaren (崇禎帝, regeringstid: 1611-1644) var den siste kejsaren under den kinesiska Mingdynastin. Hans ursprungliga namn var Zhu Youjian (kinesiska: 朱由檢?, pinyin: Zhū Yóujiǎn), namnet Chongzhen kommer av namnet på hans regeringsperiod, Chóngzhēn (崇禎). I Kina går han dessutom under sitt postuma namn Zhuānglièmǐn (莊烈愍) och sitt så kallade tempelnamn, Sīzōng (思宗). (sv) |
| rdfs:label | Chongzhen Emperor (en) Emperador Chongzhen (ca) Čchung-čen (cs) Chongzhen (de) Chongzhen (eo) Chongzhen (es) Kaisar Chongzhen (in) Chongzhen (fr) Chongzhen (it) 숭정제 (ko) 崇禎帝 (ja) Chongzhen (nl) Chongzhen (pl) Чунчжэнь (ru) Chongzhen-kejsaren (sv) 崇禎帝 (zh) Чжу Юцзянь (uk) |
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| foaf:name | Chongzhen Emperor (en) |
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dbr:Zhu_Youjian |
| is dbp:after of | dbr:Tianqi_Emperor |
| is dbp:commander of | dbr:Transition_from_Ming_to_Qing |
| is dbp:father of | dbr:Princess_Changping dbr:Zhu_Cilang |
| is dbp:issue of | dbr:Empress_Dowager_Xiaochun dbr:Taichang_Emperor |
| is dbp:leader of | dbr:Ming_dynasty |
| is dbp:spouse of | dbr:Empress_Zhou_(Ming_dynasty) |
| is dbp:successor of | dbr:Tianqi_Emperor |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Chongzhen_Emperor |
