Ossian (original) (raw)
Ossian és el narrador, i el suposat autor, d'una sèrie de poemes que el poeta escocès James Macpherson va manifestar haver traduït d'antigues fonts gaelicoescoceses. Està basat en Oisín, fill de Finn o Fionn mac Cumhaill, un personatge de la mitologia irlandesa. La polèmica sobre l'autenticitat dels poemes va continuar fins al segle xx.
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| dbo:abstract | Ossian és el narrador, i el suposat autor, d'una sèrie de poemes que el poeta escocès James Macpherson va manifestar haver traduït d'antigues fonts gaelicoescoceses. Està basat en Oisín, fill de Finn o Fionn mac Cumhaill, un personatge de la mitologia irlandesa. La polèmica sobre l'autenticitat dels poemes va continuar fins al segle xx. (ca) Ossian ist der angebliche Autor und Erzähler der Gesänge und Epen Ossians, die der schottische Dichters James Macpherson verfasste. In diesen angeblich aus dem Keltischen übersetzten Gesängen und Epen wird er von Macpherson als berühmter Dichter und Sohn des schottischen Königs Fingal eingeführt. Macpherson bezieht sich dabei auf Fionn mac Cumhaill aus der irischen Mythologie. Das Vorbild Ossians ist der irische Sagenheld Oisín, Fionns Sohn. Im Gegensatz zur irischen Tradition ist Ossian blind – vermutlich eine Anlehnung an Homer. Er soll im 3. Jahrhundert n. Chr. im Westen der schottischen Highlands gelebt haben. Nach der Ermordung seines Sohnes Oscar (der gleichnamigen mythologischen Figur Oscar, auch Oskar) pflegt dessen Verlobte Malvina den greisen blinden Dichter, der nun die Heldentaten Fingals, Oscars und der anderen Helden besingt. (de) Ossian (ou Oisín, signifiant « petit faon » en irlandais), barde écossais du IIIe siècle, fils de Fingal et (en), serait l’auteur d’une série de poèmes dits « gaéliques » traduits et publiés en anglais entre 1760 et 1763 par le poète James Macpherson, qui eurent un énorme retentissement dans toute l'Europe. (fr) Ossian (/ˈɒʃən, ˈɒsiən/; Irish Gaelic/Scottish Gaelic: Oisean) is the narrator and purported author of a cycle of epic poems published by the Scottish poet James Macpherson, originally as Fingal (1761) and Temora (1763), and later combined under the title The Poems of Ossian. Macpherson claimed to have collected word-of-mouth material in Scottish Gaelic, said to be from ancient sources, and that the work was his translation of that material. Ossian is based on Oisín, son of Fionn mac Cumhaill (anglicised to Finn McCool), a legendary bard in Irish mythology. Contemporary critics were divided in their view of the work's authenticity, but the current consensus is that Macpherson largely composed the poems himself, drawing in part on traditional Gaelic poetry he had collected. The work was internationally popular, translated into all the literary languages of Europe and was highly influential both in the development of the Romantic movement and the Gaelic revival. Macpherson's fame was crowned by his burial among the literary giants in Westminster Abbey. W.P. Ker, in the Cambridge History of English Literature, observes that "all Macpherson's craft as a philological impostor would have been nothing without his literary skill." (en) Ossian (/ˈɒʃən, ˈɒsiən/; /Gaelik Skotlandia: Oisean) adalah narator dan diduga pengarang dari serangkaian puisi epik yang diterbitkan oleh penyair Skotlandia James Macpherson, awalnya dengan judul Fingal (1761) dan Temora (1763), dan kemudian dipadukan dengan judul The Poems of Ossian. Macpherson mengklaim bahwa ia mengumpulkan bahan dari mulut ke mulut dalam bahasa Gaelik Skotlandia, yang dikatakan dari sumber-sumber kuno, dan bahwa karya tersebut adalah terjemahannya daribahan tersebut. Ossian berdasarkan pada , putra dari Finn atau , yang dianglikanisasi menjadi Finn McCool, seorang sosok legenda yang menjadi karakter dalam . Para kritikus kontemporer terbagi dalam pandangan mereka soal keotentikan karya tersebut, namun konsensus terkini menyatakan bahwa sebagian besar puisi-puisi tersebut dikomposisikan sendiri oleh Macpherson, yang sebagian tergambar pada puisi Gaelik tradisional yang dikumpulkan olehnya. Karya tersebut meraih ketenaran mancanegara, diterjemahkan ke dalam seluruh bahasa sastra Eropa dan sangat berpengaruh dalam perkembangan gerakan Romantis dan . (in) オシアン またはオシァン（英語: Ossian, Oscian）は、スコットランドの伝説の英雄詩人の、。スコットランド・ゲール語ではオシェンと発音し、 Oisein, Oisean と正規表記する。 かつては、アイルランド伝承文学の英雄詩人のことも含めてオシアンと称していた時期があるが、現在ではこれらを区別する傾向にある。 よって、本項では「オシアン」をマクファーソンが多分に創作したフィンガルらを住人とする架空世界（ワールド）(en:Fictional universe)の語り部・登場人物と位置付けて説明を進めることとする。 (ja) Ossian is de verteller en volgens James Macpherson de auteur van een gedichtencyclus die deze beweerde uit het Schots-Gaelisch te hebben vertaald. Hij is gebaseerd op , de zoon van Fionn mac Cumhaill. In 1761 beweerde Macpherson een epos gevonden te hebben, geschreven door deze Ossian en hij publiceerde dit over de daaropvolgende jaren. In 1765 voegde hij de gedichten samen tot The works of Ossian. Dit werk had een grote invloed op schrijvers zoals Walter Scott en Goethe. Door de invloed van de Romantiek ontstond zo aan het eind van de 18de eeuw een grote belangstelling voor de geschiedenis van de Kelten, en ook het Ossian-epos werd nagebootst, in een stroming die men Ossianisme ging noemen. De gedichten behoorden tot de lievelingsliteratuur van Napoleon Bonaparte en Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg-Stolberg die het werk in het Duits vertaalde.De gedichten werden in 1793 in het Nederlands vertaald door P. L. van de Kasteele, in dactylische hexameter. Vanaf 1797 vertaalde Willem Bilderdijk fragmenten van Ossian in het Nederlands, in 1805 ook het lange gedicht Fingal. Ten tijde van de Ossian-sensatie bestond er daarentegen ook reeds twijfel aan de authenticiteit van het werk; een van de scherpste critici was Samuel Johnson. Tijdens een reis door de Binnen-Hebriden met James Boswell – die wel in de oorspronkelijkheid van het epos geloofde – poogde Johnson de proef op de som te nemen door plaatselijke bewoners enkele liederen uit dit vermeende oorspronkelijke epos te laten reciteren en ze vervolgens met het door Macpherson gepubliceerde werk te vergelijken. Hij kwam tot de conclusie dat Macpherson, die een redelijke kennis van het Schots-Gaelisch bezat, waarschijnlijk oude volksliedjes had verzameld en ze met zelfverzonnen materiaal tot een epos aan elkaar had gebreid. De Ossian-gedichten werden als de Noordse evenknie van de Griekse Ilias gezien en beïnvloedden behalve dichters ook schilders. Ook de Deense componist Niels Gade liet zich door het thema inspireren voor zijn opus 1, de ouverture Efterklange af Ossian (Echo's van Ossian) uit 1840. Niettegenstaande de grotendeels frauduleuze aard van het Ossian-epos, blijkt eruit wel het persoonlijke poëtische talent van Macpherson. (nl) 오시안(영어: Ossian)은 스코틀랜드의 시인 이 1760년부터 발표한 일련의 서사시들의 작중 서술자로 설정된 인물이다. 맥퍼슨은 자신이 게일어로 구전되던 서사시들을 직접 채록했으며, 자신이 한 것은 서사시를 영어로 번역한 것일 뿐 새로 지어낸 것이 아니라고 주장했다. 맥퍼슨의 오시안은 아일랜드 신화의 영웅 핀 막 쿠월의 아들인 음유시인 오신을 원형으로 한다. 오늘날 맥퍼슨의 주장이 사실인지 여부에 관해 비평가들의 의견은 상반되는데, 맥퍼슨이 옛 민담들을 수집한 뒤 서사시는 그 내용들에 바탕해 자기가 지어냈다는 것이 통설이다. 비록 날조된 것이라 할지라도 맥퍼슨의 오시안 시리즈는 국제적으로 인기가 있었으며 유럽의 거의 모든 언어로 번역되어 낭만주의 사조 및 양자에 영향을 끼쳤다. (ko) Ossian (... – ...) è un bardo leggendario dell'antica Irlanda, la cui figura si fonda su Oisín, figlio del guerriero Finn Mac Cumhaill e della poetessa Sadhbh. I primi cenni a Ossian si trovano negli scritti di Giraldo Cambrense, del XII secolo. Ma la vera vicenda letteraria esplose quando James MacPherson (1736-1796) scrisse I Canti di Ossian. MacPherson finse di aver tradotto fedelmente le originali poesie di Ossian, mentre in realtà si basò su dei frammenti e inventò molti "canti". Il successo delle sue presunte traduzioni, nondimeno, fu straordinario. La prosa potente, il riferimento a una natura selvaggia, ne fanno un'opera fondamentale del Preromanticismo. A titolo di esempio, vale la pena ricordare l'importanza che i Canti di Ossian hanno avuto nella formazione della sensibilità del movimento Sturm und Drang; inoltre entusiasti lettori di MacPherson furono Ugo Foscolo e Johann Wolfgang Goethe. Quest'ultimo, infatti, dedica un ampio brano del suo romanzo giovanile I dolori del giovane Werther proprio a un canto di Ossian. Nel dipinto è presente la figura di un cane eretto su una roccia, tipico dei dipinti di Ingres. La rappresentazione è confermata dall'acquerello del medesimo dipinto posto al Museo del Louvre. (it) Osjan – postać wzorowana na jednym z bohaterów mitologii irlandzkiej, Oisínie synu Fionna, legendarnym wojowniku i bardzie celtyckim. Miał być autorem tzw. Pieśni Osjana, rzekomych średniowiecznych poematów celtyckich, za których odkrywcę podawał się osiemnastowieczny poeta szkocki James Macpherson, który był w rzeczywistości ich redaktorem na prawach współtworzenia. Najzagorzalszym denuncjatorem Pieśni Osjana okazał się bardzo wpływowy autorytet literacki, dr Samuel Johnson, nie znający zresztą języka gaelickiego i reprezentujący całkowicie odmienny, bardziej tradycyjny gust literacki, wykluczający romantyczny sentymentalizm. Odkrycie literatury, a w szczególności poezji języka gaelickiego, odnajdywanie cennych rękopisów i ogłaszanie ich drukiem, to również zasługa wydarzenia kulturowego, jakim są Pieśni Osjana. Wydane zostały w języku angielskim w roku 1760 (Macpherson podawał, że tłumaczył je z języka gaelickiego) i stały się bardzo popularne w całej Europie, wywierając wpływ na literaturę romantyczną (szczególnie niemiecką). Przykładem może być ich pojawienie się w Cierpieniach młodego Wertera niemieckiego romantyka, J.W. Goethego. Tytułowy bohater zaczytuje się w utworze pod wpływem silnych uczuć związanych z nieszczęśliwą miłością. (pl) Оссиан (англ. Ossian), правильнее Ойсин (ирл. Oisin, а в соответствии с современным ирландским произношением [Ошинь]) — легендарный кельтский бард III века. От его лица написаны поэмы Джеймса Макферсона и его подражателей. В его честь назван кратер Ойсин на Европе, спутнике Юпитера. (ru) Ossian ( /ˈɒʃən,_ˈɒsiən/; gaélico: Oisean) é o narrador e suposto autor de um ciclo de poemas épicos publicados pelo poeta escocês James Macpherson desde 1760. Macpherson afirmou ter coletado o material de boca-a-boca em gaélico escocês, como sendo de fontes antigas e que seu trabalho era sua tradução desse material. Ossian é baseado em Oisín, filho de Finn ou Fionn mac Cumhaill, anglicisado para Finn McCool, um bardo lendário que é um personagem da mitologia irlandesa. Os críticos contemporâneos se dividiram quanto a autenticidade da obra, mas o consenso desde então é que Macpherson enquadrou os poemas ele mesmo, com base em antigos contos populares que ele havia coletado e sendo assim, "Ossian" é, nas palavras de Thomas Curley, "a falsificação literária mais bem sucedida da história moderna." O trabalho se tornou internacionalmente popular sendo traduzido em todas as línguas literárias da Europa e foi influente tanto no desenvolvimento do movimento romântico quanto no renascimento gaélico. "A disputa sobre a autenticidade das produções pseudo-gaélica de Macpherson," Curley afirma, "tornou-se um sismógrafo da frágil unidade dentro da inquieta diversidade imperial da Grã-Bretanha na era de Johnson." A fama de Macpherson foi coroada por seu enterro entre os gigantes literários na Abadia de Westminster. W.P. Ker observa que "todo o artesanato de Macpherson como impostor filológico não teria sido nada sem sua habilidade literária." (pt) Оссіа́н (англ. Ossian), Ойсін (ірл. Oisin) — легендарний ірландський бард III століття, персонаж численних ірландських легенд, міфів, історичних переказів так званого феніанського циклу скел (ірландських саг). Постать Оссіана стала особливо популярною в європейському мистецтві після містифікації шотландського поета Джеймса Макферсона, який заявив, що ним були знайдені давні вірші Оссіана, які насправді, як вважається, написав сам Джеймс Макферсон від імені Оссіана. (uk) 莪相（Ossian）是传说中3世纪时爱尔兰英雄，吟游诗人；被指為1760年起蘇格蘭詩人詹姆斯·麥佛森 (James Macpherson) 發表一系列史詩的作者。當代評論家對於作品真實性的看法有分歧。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | Ossian és el narrador, i el suposat autor, d'una sèrie de poemes que el poeta escocès James Macpherson va manifestar haver traduït d'antigues fonts gaelicoescoceses. Està basat en Oisín, fill de Finn o Fionn mac Cumhaill, un personatge de la mitologia irlandesa. La polèmica sobre l'autenticitat dels poemes va continuar fins al segle xx. (ca) Ossian (ou Oisín, signifiant « petit faon » en irlandais), barde écossais du IIIe siècle, fils de Fingal et (en), serait l’auteur d’une série de poèmes dits « gaéliques » traduits et publiés en anglais entre 1760 et 1763 par le poète James Macpherson, qui eurent un énorme retentissement dans toute l'Europe. (fr) オシアン またはオシァン（英語: Ossian, Oscian）は、スコットランドの伝説の英雄詩人の、。スコットランド・ゲール語ではオシェンと発音し、 Oisein, Oisean と正規表記する。 かつては、アイルランド伝承文学の英雄詩人のことも含めてオシアンと称していた時期があるが、現在ではこれらを区別する傾向にある。 よって、本項では「オシアン」をマクファーソンが多分に創作したフィンガルらを住人とする架空世界（ワールド）(en:Fictional universe)の語り部・登場人物と位置付けて説明を進めることとする。 (ja) 오시안(영어: Ossian)은 스코틀랜드의 시인 이 1760년부터 발표한 일련의 서사시들의 작중 서술자로 설정된 인물이다. 맥퍼슨은 자신이 게일어로 구전되던 서사시들을 직접 채록했으며, 자신이 한 것은 서사시를 영어로 번역한 것일 뿐 새로 지어낸 것이 아니라고 주장했다. 맥퍼슨의 오시안은 아일랜드 신화의 영웅 핀 막 쿠월의 아들인 음유시인 오신을 원형으로 한다. 오늘날 맥퍼슨의 주장이 사실인지 여부에 관해 비평가들의 의견은 상반되는데, 맥퍼슨이 옛 민담들을 수집한 뒤 서사시는 그 내용들에 바탕해 자기가 지어냈다는 것이 통설이다. 비록 날조된 것이라 할지라도 맥퍼슨의 오시안 시리즈는 국제적으로 인기가 있었으며 유럽의 거의 모든 언어로 번역되어 낭만주의 사조 및 양자에 영향을 끼쳤다. (ko) Оссиан (англ. Ossian), правильнее Ойсин (ирл. Oisin, а в соответствии с современным ирландским произношением [Ошинь]) — легендарный кельтский бард III века. От его лица написаны поэмы Джеймса Макферсона и его подражателей. В его честь назван кратер Ойсин на Европе, спутнике Юпитера. (ru) Оссіа́н (англ. Ossian), Ойсін (ірл. Oisin) — легендарний ірландський бард III століття, персонаж численних ірландських легенд, міфів, історичних переказів так званого феніанського циклу скел (ірландських саг). Постать Оссіана стала особливо популярною в європейському мистецтві після містифікації шотландського поета Джеймса Макферсона, який заявив, що ним були знайдені давні вірші Оссіана, які насправді, як вважається, написав сам Джеймс Макферсон від імені Оссіана. (uk) 莪相（Ossian）是传说中3世纪时爱尔兰英雄，吟游诗人；被指為1760年起蘇格蘭詩人詹姆斯·麥佛森 (James Macpherson) 發表一系列史詩的作者。當代評論家對於作品真實性的看法有分歧。 (zh) Ossian ist der angebliche Autor und Erzähler der Gesänge und Epen Ossians, die der schottische Dichters James Macpherson verfasste. In diesen angeblich aus dem Keltischen übersetzten Gesängen und Epen wird er von Macpherson als berühmter Dichter und Sohn des schottischen Königs Fingal eingeführt. Macpherson bezieht sich dabei auf Fionn mac Cumhaill aus der irischen Mythologie. Das Vorbild Ossians ist der irische Sagenheld Oisín, Fionns Sohn. Im Gegensatz zur irischen Tradition ist Ossian blind – vermutlich eine Anlehnung an Homer. (de) Ossian (/ˈɒʃən, ˈɒsiən/; Irish Gaelic/Scottish Gaelic: Oisean) is the narrator and purported author of a cycle of epic poems published by the Scottish poet James Macpherson, originally as Fingal (1761) and Temora (1763), and later combined under the title The Poems of Ossian. Macpherson claimed to have collected word-of-mouth material in Scottish Gaelic, said to be from ancient sources, and that the work was his translation of that material. Ossian is based on Oisín, son of Fionn mac Cumhaill (anglicised to Finn McCool), a legendary bard in Irish mythology. Contemporary critics were divided in their view of the work's authenticity, but the current consensus is that Macpherson largely composed the poems himself, drawing in part on traditional Gaelic poetry he had collected. (en) Ossian (/ˈɒʃən, ˈɒsiən/; /Gaelik Skotlandia: Oisean) adalah narator dan diduga pengarang dari serangkaian puisi epik yang diterbitkan oleh penyair Skotlandia James Macpherson, awalnya dengan judul Fingal (1761) dan Temora (1763), dan kemudian dipadukan dengan judul The Poems of Ossian. Macpherson mengklaim bahwa ia mengumpulkan bahan dari mulut ke mulut dalam bahasa Gaelik Skotlandia, yang dikatakan dari sumber-sumber kuno, dan bahwa karya tersebut adalah terjemahannya daribahan tersebut. Ossian berdasarkan pada , putra dari Finn atau , yang dianglikanisasi menjadi Finn McCool, seorang sosok legenda yang menjadi karakter dalam . Para kritikus kontemporer terbagi dalam pandangan mereka soal keotentikan karya tersebut, namun konsensus terkini menyatakan bahwa sebagian besar puisi-puisi terse (in) Ossian (... – ...) è un bardo leggendario dell'antica Irlanda, la cui figura si fonda su Oisín, figlio del guerriero Finn Mac Cumhaill e della poetessa Sadhbh. I primi cenni a Ossian si trovano negli scritti di Giraldo Cambrense, del XII secolo. (it) Osjan – postać wzorowana na jednym z bohaterów mitologii irlandzkiej, Oisínie synu Fionna, legendarnym wojowniku i bardzie celtyckim. Miał być autorem tzw. Pieśni Osjana, rzekomych średniowiecznych poematów celtyckich, za których odkrywcę podawał się osiemnastowieczny poeta szkocki James Macpherson, który był w rzeczywistości ich redaktorem na prawach współtworzenia. Najzagorzalszym denuncjatorem Pieśni Osjana okazał się bardzo wpływowy autorytet literacki, dr Samuel Johnson, nie znający zresztą języka gaelickiego i reprezentujący całkowicie odmienny, bardziej tradycyjny gust literacki, wykluczający romantyczny sentymentalizm. Odkrycie literatury, a w szczególności poezji języka gaelickiego, odnajdywanie cennych rękopisów i ogłaszanie ich drukiem, to również zasługa wydarzenia kulturowego (pl) Ossian ( /ˈɒʃən,_ˈɒsiən/; gaélico: Oisean) é o narrador e suposto autor de um ciclo de poemas épicos publicados pelo poeta escocês James Macpherson desde 1760. Macpherson afirmou ter coletado o material de boca-a-boca em gaélico escocês, como sendo de fontes antigas e que seu trabalho era sua tradução desse material. Ossian é baseado em Oisín, filho de Finn ou Fionn mac Cumhaill, anglicisado para Finn McCool, um bardo lendário que é um personagem da mitologia irlandesa. Os críticos contemporâneos se dividiram quanto a autenticidade da obra, mas o consenso desde então é que Macpherson enquadrou os poemas ele mesmo, com base em antigos contos populares que ele havia coletado e sendo assim, "Ossian" é, nas palavras de Thomas Curley, "a falsificação literária mais bem sucedida da história mode (pt) Ossian is de verteller en volgens James Macpherson de auteur van een gedichtencyclus die deze beweerde uit het Schots-Gaelisch te hebben vertaald. Hij is gebaseerd op , de zoon van Fionn mac Cumhaill. In 1761 beweerde Macpherson een epos gevonden te hebben, geschreven door deze Ossian en hij publiceerde dit over de daaropvolgende jaren. In 1765 voegde hij de gedichten samen tot The works of Ossian. Dit werk had een grote invloed op schrijvers zoals Walter Scott en Goethe. Door de invloed van de Romantiek ontstond zo aan het eind van de 18de eeuw een grote belangstelling voor de geschiedenis van de Kelten, en ook het Ossian-epos werd nagebootst, in een stroming die men Ossianisme ging noemen. (nl) |
| rdfs:label | Ossian (en) Ossian (ca) Ossian (Person) (de) Ossian (in) Ossian (fr) Ossian (it) オシアン (ja) 오시안 (ko) Osjan (Macpherson) (pl) Ossian (Macpherson) (nl) Ossian (pt) Оссиан (ru) Оссіан (uk) 莪相 (zh) |
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